不同乳酸菌在毛酸浆发酵中的特性研究

为比较嗜热链球菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）（L1）、保加利亚乳杆菌（Lactobacillus bulgaricus）（L2）、瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）（L3）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）（L4）、短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis）（L5）和干酪乳杆菌（Lacbobacillus casei）（L6）在毛酸浆发酵中的特性,研究发酵过程中总酸含量、活菌数和色泽的变化。结果表明,发酵过程中,6种乳酸菌活菌数均能维持在8.0 lg（CFU/mL）以上,生长良好,其中乳酸菌L4、L5和L6在毛酸浆中产酸能力较好,最高总酸含量分别为11.85 g/L、10.95 g/L、10.45 g/L,并均能很好地保持发酵液本身的颜色,色差值均＜54.51;当乳酸菌L4、L5和L6按不同接种比例复合发酵毛酸浆果汁时,各处理间活菌数和发酵液颜色变化基本一致,当乳酸菌L4∶L6为3∶2（V/V）进行复合发酵时,最终所得毛酸浆发酵液的总酸含量（17.91 g/L）最高。     

昆明酸浆米粉优势乳酸菌筛选及发酵性能研究

从昆明酸浆米粉中首次筛选适合于米粉发酵的优势乳酸菌菌株,研究不同培养温度对优势菌分离纯化效果的影响,探讨发酵性能。采用高通量筛选技术及应用产酸能力、发酵活力与酸浆米粉的感官评价程序,筛选发酵优势菌株,并利用微量生化反应对优势菌进行分类鉴定。结果表明:在37℃分离培养条件下乳酸杆菌较占优势,获得发酵性能优良的乳酸杆菌R1、R9、R11菌株。鉴定菌种结果:R1菌株为大双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium magnum)、R9菌株为鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)、R11菌株为米酒乳杆菌米酒亚种(Lactobacillus sakei ss sakei)。其中R9菌株产酸能力最强,发酵活力最高,使酸浆米粉韧性高;R1菌株使酸浆米粉的米香风味最佳;R11菌株使酸浆米粉口感爽滑。可利用此3株发酵性能优良的乳酸杆菌人工制备酸浆米粉复合发酵剂,进一步开发研制优良品质的酸浆米粉。     

毛酸浆多酚氧化酶的酶学特性研究

以毛酸浆中多酚氧化酶(PPO)为研究对象,采用分光光度法在420nm处对其酶学特性进行研究。结果表明,毛酸浆PPO的底物邻苯二酚的最适质量分数为0.04%;最适pH为7.0;最适温度为35℃;100℃处理2min,可使酶完全失活;PPO催化的酶促褐变反应动力学符合米氏方程,动力学参数为Km=0.025mol/L,Vmax=125U/min;抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、L-半胱氨酸和亚硫酸钠对PPO酶活性的抑制作用均随浓度的增大而加强,抑制能力由强到弱依次为:抗坏血酸柠檬酸L-半胱氨酸EDTA亚硫酸氢钠。     

Physalis peruviana Linnaeus, the multiple properties of a highly functional fruit: A review

The main objective of this work is to spread the physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of the Physalis peruviana L. fruit and the relation of their physiologically active components with beneficial effects on human health, through scientifically proven information. It also describes their optical and mechanical properties and presents micrographs of the complex microstructure of P. peruviana L. fruit and studies on the antioxidant capacity of polyphenols present in this fruit.     

Bioactive phytochemicals, nutritional value, and functional properties of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana): An overview

Exotic fruits play an important role in nutrition as an excellent base for low calorie and dietetic products. Highly valued for its unique flavor, texture and color, recent research has shown cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) to be high in many beneficial compounds. The diversity of functional applications to which P. peruviana can be put gives this fruit great importance. The food industry has used cape gooseberry in different products including beverages, yogurts and jams. With the rapidly growing popularity of this unique fruit it is important to have a comprehensive reference for its nutritional benefits. This review provides a valuable source for current knowledge on bioactive phytochemicals and further development of P. peruviana for functional foods as well as nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.     

Determination of fruit origin by using 26S rDNA fingerprinting of yeast communities by PCR–DGGE: preliminary application to Physalis fruits from Egypt

The determination of geographical origin is a demand of the traceability system of import–export food products. One hypothesis for tracing the source of a product is by global analysis of the microbial communities of the food and statistical linkage of this analysis to the geographical origin of the food. For this purpose, a molecular technique employing 26S rDNA profiles generated by PCR–DGGE was used to detect the variation in yeast community structures of three species of Physalis fruit (Physalis ixocarpa Brat, Physalis pubescens L, Physalis pruinosa L) from four Egyptian regions (Qalyoubia, Minufiya, Beheira and Alexandria Governments). When the 26S rDNA profiles were analysed by multivariate analysis, distinct microbial communities were detected. The band profiles of Physalis yeasts from different Governments were specific for each location and could be used as a bar code to discriminate the origin of the fruits. This method is a new traceability tool which provides fruit products with a unique biological bar code and makes it possible to trace back the fruits to their original location. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Composition and biological effects of goldenberry byproducts: an overview

Goldenberry is a wild fruit that has been widely used for centuries, mainly in folk medicine. Most studies of goldenberry have focused on the fruit, but new research has studied its byproducts, which were considered to be waste until recently. The main objective of our study was to systematize the published information regarding the composition of goldenberry byproducts (calyces, leaves, seeds, and pomace) and their effects on biological systems. Goldenberry byproducts contain minerals, amino acids, withanolides, flavonoids, and essential fatty acids, thus representing good sources of these compounds. Some of their major biological effects include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antiproliferative effects. Information regarding their toxicity is also presented here. To determine the optimal dosage, further safety studies would be recommended to ensure the best health benefits of these compounds. The available evidence has demonstrated the nutritional value of different byproducts of goldenberry, suggesting them to be potential candidates for use in the cosmetic industry, in the preparation of functional foods, and in phytomedicine for the prevention and adjuvant treatment of some diseases. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

Study on biological activities of Physalis alkekengi var. francheti polysaccharide

BACKGROUND: Physalis alkekengi var. francheti is a well‐known edible and medicinal plant in oriental countries. Recent reports indicate that polysaccharides play an important role as a dietary free radical scavenger for the prevention of oxidative damage. RESULTS: Antioxidant studies showed that fruit polysaccharide (FP) had higher scavenging effects on 1,1‐dipheny‐l‐2‐picrylhydrazyl, hydroxyl radical assay (·OH) than vitamin C and fruit calyx polysaccharide (FCP) in vitro. The results of animal experiments showed that D ‐galactose‐induced aging in mice, as evidenced by alterations in superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and monoamine oxidase activities and malondialdehyde level, was ameliorated by FP treatment. Moreover, FP could distinctly prolong the loaded‐swimming time of mice, lower the content of blood urea nitrogen of post‐exercise mice, decrease the consumption of liver glycogen and increase the activity of lactic dehydrogenase. All these results suggested that FP functioned in resisting the production of fatigue and accelerating the dispelling of fatigue. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that Physalis alkekengi var. francheti would be a valuable source of polysaccharide and FP is able to effectively scavenge free radicals, delay aging in mice and resist the production of fatigue. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

酸浆果酒酿造工艺研究

以酸浆为原料了生产酸浆果酒工艺,考察果胶酶用量对酸浆出汁率的影响,以及SO2添加量、发酵温度、接种量对酸浆果酒品质的影响。结果表明：果胶酶用量为0．6g／kg时,可提高出汁率9％;酸浆酒的最佳发酵条件为：SO2添加量0．8mL／L-1．0mL／L,发酵温度为18℃～22℃,接种量5％。酿制出的酸浆果酒色泽好,澄清透明,酒味浓郁,酒体丰满,具有酸浆的特殊清香。