Effect of Calcium Lactate, 4-Hexyl Resorcinol and Vacuum Packing on Physico-chemical, Sensory and Microbiological Qualities of Minimally Processed Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) fruits are very susceptible to pericarp browning which adversely affects consumer acceptability even though the aril portion remains in excellent condition. Litchi arils (litchis) were treated with a solution containing 0–2% (w/v) calcium lactate (CL), 0–0.02% (w/v) 4‐hexyl resorcinol (4‐HR) and 1% potassium sorbate. The pH of solution was adjusted to 4.0 with citric acid. Treated litchis were packed in polystyrene trays, over‐wrapped with polypropylene film, vacuum‐packed (0, 47409.3, 94831.9 Pa) and stored at 4 ± 2 °C. Drip losses, pH, total soluble solids (TSS), sensory attributes and microbiological quality of stored samples were estimated. A four‐factor, three‐level experimental design (D₆ Hokes design) with 19 experiments was chosen. Mathematical models were developed to analyse and predict the effect of CL, 4‐HR, in‐package vacuum and storage time on the responses. TSS, pH and sensory scores decreased significantly (P 0.01), whereas drip losses and microbial count increased significantly (P 0.01) with time. Drip loss was significantly (P 0.1) reduced by addition of CL. 4‐HR prevented browning and changes in colour score during storage were significantly less. Vacuum in packages exerted significant (P 0.01) effect over pH, TSS, sensory and microbiological qualities of minimally processed litchis.     

外源紫杉醇作用下南方红豆杉细胞凋亡及其动力学研究

利用光学显微照相技术、细胞总DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳和TUNEL标记等手段 ,研究了外源紫杉醇(Taxol)作用下南方红豆杉细胞的凋亡及其动力学。研究结果表明 ,外源紫杉醇能显著提高南方红豆杉细胞凋亡的速率和发生率 ,表明高浓度紫杉醇不利于细胞的生长。凋亡动力学研究对指导大规模植物细胞培养生产紫杉醇具有重要意义     

高效液相色谱法测定南、北五味子中木脂素含量

建立了用高效液相色谱法测定南、北五味子中5种木脂素成分(五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子酯甲、五味子甲素和五味子乙素)的分析方法。以甲醇和水为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,对21个不同产地的南、北五味子样本进行了色谱分离,并利用标准物质、保留时间和紫外光谱对木脂素进行定性。结果表明,样品中各组分的色谱峰基本达到基线分离,该方法重复性好、灵敏度高,为评价南、北五味子中的木脂素活性成分提供了一种可靠的分析方法。     

五味子木脂素超声循环提取工艺条件的优化

采用超声循环提取的方法从五味子中提取五味子醇甲等木脂素类有效成分,考察溶剂、超声时间、超声功率、液固比和温度对提取工艺的影响．结果表明采用85％的乙醇作为提取溶剂,在单因素实验的基础上通过正交实验得出最佳工艺条件：超声功率500W,超声时间10min,温度30℃,液固比20,五味子木脂素提取率达到80．84％．     

甲嘧磺隆对两种滩涂动物的急性致毒试验

本文生要研究了甲嘧磺隆对鲈鱼、蛏两种主要的滩涂养殖生物进行了急性毒性研究,为甲嘧磺隆用于滩涂防治互花米草提供科学依据。结果表明：处理96h后对于鲈鱼和蛏的半致死浓度（LC50）分别为151．322和374．450mg／L,甲嘧磺隆对两种实验动物急性毒性属于低毒,对于两种滩涂养殖动物在急性毒性方面没有明显影响。     

中国明对虾凝血栓蛋白基因全长cDNA的克隆及其表达特征

获得了中国明对虾凝血栓蛋白(TSP)基因全长cDNA,该基因由2868个碱基组成,具有一个2763bp的开放阅读框,编码920个氨基酸,其中包含21个氨基酸组成的信号肽.中国明对虾TSP由四类不同的结构域组成,从N端开始顺序为几丁质结合结构域,EGF-like结构域,Type Ⅲ repeat和TSP carboxyl-terminal domain(TSP-C结构域).结构域分析发现,中国明对虾的N端不具有TSP N-terminal domain(TSPN结构域),但有一个几丁质结合结构域,其C端的Type Ⅲ和TSP-C结构域非常保守.该基因在弧菌感染后的对虾淋巴器官和肝胰脏中的表达量显著增加,并具有不同的时空表达趋势,提示中国明对虾TSP基因在免疫反应中具有重要作用.     

大孔树脂纯化北五味子藤茎中总三萜的研究

对5种商品化大孔树脂吸附纯化北五味子藤茎中总三萜的性能进行对比筛选,发现AB-8树脂对北五味子藤茎总三萜具有最大的吸附量。结果表明,在上样液pH为6,上样流速1BV/h,洗脱剂乙醇的体积分数为70%时,采用AB-8大孔吸附树脂对北五味子藤茎总三萜进行纯化效果最优。经过AB-8树脂纯化,产品的洗脱率达90.52%,纯度达34.26%。该工艺简单可行,可较好地纯化北五味子藤茎总三萜。     

Simultaneous determination of nine lignans using pressurized liquid extraction and HPLC-DAD in the fruits of Schisandra chinensis

The pressurized liquid extraction and HPLC-DAD was developed for extraction and determination of bioactive lignans in Schisandra chinensis. The efficient PLE conditions employed methanol as extraction solvent, 125 °C of extraction temperature, 5 min of static extraction time and only one cycle. A rapid HPLC-DAD method was described for simultaneous determination of nine lignans, including schisandrol A, gomisin J, schisandrol B, tigloylgomisin H, angeloylgomisin H, schisandrin A, γ-schisandrin, gomisin N and schisandrin C. The extraction efficiency of PLE was observed to be comparable with reflux and sonication. In addition, the contents of nine lignans in S. chinensis from different regions were analysed by PLE and HPLC-DAD method.     

桑寄生中总黄酮的含量测定及抗氧化活性研究

建立桂花树桑寄生中总黄酮的紫外分光光度测定方法;用清除DPPH自由基的能力来评价桑寄生中总黄酮的抗氧化活性。总黄酮浓度在0.004 mg/mL~0.02 mg/mL范围内,吸光度与浓度呈具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 5)。桂花树桑寄生中总黄酮含量为14.18 mg/g,平均加标回收率为101.2%,同一批样品5次测定值的RSD为2.07%~2.25%之间;抑制DPPH自由基的能力IC50是32.31μg/mL。该方法简便、快捷、准确、重现性好,可作为检测桂花树桑寄生中总黄酮含量的一种好方法;结果表明,桂花树桑寄生总黄酮具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

北五味子多糖提取条件及其抗氧化性能

运用响应曲面法优北化五味子多糖超声辅助乙醇提取条件,并对其抗氧化性能进行了研究。结果表明:乙醇浓度,料液比,提取温度对北五味子多糖提取率有显著影响,采用Box-Behnken响应面技术得到最佳提取条件为:乙醇体积分数(X1)=54.7%、料液比(X2)=1∶25、提取温度(X3)=58℃;其他条件为:超声功率200W,提取时间40 min,提取次数2次。在此条件下,北五味子多糖相对提取率为87.12%(n=3),优于传统的水提法和醇提法。北五味子多糖具有较强的抗氧化性能。