基于微量元素多元统计和微观形态分析的花椒叶产地及品种判别

目的 采用微量元素多元统计和微观形态分析相结合的手段,从元素含量分布和形态结构的角度鉴别不同产地、品种的花椒叶,为市面上花椒叶混售、以次充好的现象提供解决思路。方法 采用湿法消解结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱技术同步检测不同产地、品种12个样品中的Ba、Ce、Ho、La、Tm、Mo、Pr、Sr、P、Mg10种微量元素。利用主成分分析与聚类分析对数据进行研究,并基于扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)的微观形态分析佐证了多元统计分析的结论 。结果 主成分分析结果 显示, 2个主成分贡献率达到68.05%,样品可显著聚类为2类,扫描电镜下伏椒叶与油椒叶结构差异显著。部分元素的数值特征可将不同产地的伏椒叶和油椒叶进行区分。结论 本研究能够有效地判别不同产地、品种的花椒叶,可以为相关问题解决提供思路。     

Quality evaluation of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. Using computer vision system combined with artificial neural network: A novel method

A novel technology based on computer vision system (CVS) and artificial neural network (ANN) was developed for the quality evaluation of Hanyuan Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim (HZB). The quality evaluation of HZB mainly depended on its colour, odour substances, and impurities. In this study, the contents of volatile oil (VOC), total alkylamides (TALC) and impurities (IMC) were determined and used as indices for quality control of HZB. Furthermore, CVS was also performed to determine the colour parameters (RGB values) and further transforms to CIE L*, a^*, and b*. Then, ANN was carried out to analyse the correlations between colour values obtained by CVS and quality parameters of HZB (VOC, TALC, and IMC). Higher performance and stability were presented by using CVS for determining the coloristic values of HZB. In addition, the present results also showed that the established method based on ANN could be used to predict the VOC, TALC, and IMC of HZB with the R² values of 0.9991, 0.9995, and 0.9998, respectively. This novel technology based on CVS combined with ANN could be used for the rapid, non-destructive, and effective evaluation of the quality of HZB.     

Biodiversity,Phylogeny, and Antifungal Functions of Endophytic Fungi Associated with Zanthoxylum bungeanum

This study investigated the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum. A total of 940 isolates obtained were grouped into 93 morphotypes, 43 species, and 23 genera, which were authenticated by molecular identification based on rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. A high diversity of endophytic fungi from Z. bungeanum are observed with high species richness S (43), Margalef index D′ (6.1351), Shannon–Wiener index H′ (3.2743), Simpson diversity index D_s (0.9476), PIE index (0.9486), and evenness Pielou index J (0.8705) but a low dominant index λ (0.0524). Significant tissue specificity of the endophytic fungi was observed in Z. bungeanum, and the highest species richness and diversity indexes were obtained in the stem. Phylogenetic analyses of the 93 endophytic isolates were carried out by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method to demonstrate their evolutionary processes. Antifungal activities of endophytic fungi were assayed and eight endophytic isolates showed strong and long-lasting inhibition against host pathogenic fungi Fusarium sambucinum and Pseudocercospora zanthoxyli. Here, for the first time, we systematically demonstrate the biodiversity, phylogeny, and antifungal activity of endophytic fungi associated with Z. bungeanum and reveal the value of sampling different tissues of a given plant to obtain the greatest endophyte species diversity, which might offer a framework for further investigation and utilization of endophytic fungi as aunique source of interesting and useful bioactive compounds.     

基于高光谱成像技术的青花椒产地识别研究

目的 基于高光谱成像技术结合机器学习建立一种青花椒产地的快速识别方法,实现四川、贵州、云南、重庆等10个青花椒主要产地样品的快速无损鉴别。方法 本研究利用全平皿法、五点平均法和中心点法3种不同的兴趣区域(region of interest, ROI)提取方式,获得平行光谱数据,分别采用5种预处理方法消除数据噪声提升模型性能,并比较了偏最小二乘判别分析(partial least square-discriminant analysis, PLS-DA)、随机森林(random forests, RF)和支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM) 3种模型的产地识别效果。结果 采用全平皿法提取兴趣区域,通过二阶导(second derivative, D2)预处理后建立的RF模型分类效果最佳,训练集和测试集的准确率均可达到100%。进一步采用连续投影算法(successive projections algorithm, SPA)选择27个特征波长建模,结果表明多元散射校正(multiplicative scatter correction, MSC)-RF模...     

分子蒸馏对高酸值花椒籽油脱酸的初步探讨

利用分子蒸馏装置对高酸值花椒籽油进行脱酸来表明脱酸效果显著,重馏份（油脂）的得率高,对酸值在10mgKOH/g-40mgKOH/g花椒籽油进行脱酸,得到的油脂酸值均小于4mgKOH/g,同时所得到轻馏份（脂肪酸）酸值均在192mgKOH/g-198.5mgKOH/g之间。     

HPLC检测大鼠组织样品中花椒麻素方法的建立

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定大鼠组织样品中花椒麻素含量的方法。方法：采用Intersil ODSSP C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）为分析柱,流动相甲醇-水（70∶30,V/V）,流速0.5 mL/min,检测波长 254 nm。结果：心、肝、脾、肺、肾脏、脑、胃、小肠、脂肪、肌肉、皮肤、睾丸及前列腺的线性范围分别为 0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.998 6）、0.1～50 μg/mL（r=0.999 9）、0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.999 7）、0.1～10 μg/mL （r=0.998 9）、0.1～20 μg/mL（r=0.999 3）、0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.999 5）、0.1～100 μg/mL（r=0.999 9）、 0.1～50 μg/mL（r=0.998 2）、0.1～20 μg/mL（r=0.995 6）、0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.998 8）、0.1～10 μg/mL （r=0.999 7）、0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.999 8）及0.1～10 μg/mL（r=0.999 8）。方法平均回收率大于 82%,日内日间变异均小于11%,稳定性良好。结论：本方法准确、快速、重复性好,适用于大鼠组织样 品中花椒麻素含量的测定。     

花椒精油对1-型糖尿病小鼠肠道健康的影响

为了探索花椒精油对1型糖尿病小鼠肠道健康的影响,将造模成功的40只雄性小鼠,按体质量和血糖随机分为模型组、花椒精油高剂量组15 mg/(kg·d)、中剂量组9 mg/(kg·d)和低剂量组3 mg/(kg·d),每组10只,饲养28 d。实验结束后,检测盲肠壁表面积、pH值、游离氨、盲肠微生物和短链脂肪酸等。实验结果表明,与模型组相对,花椒精油可显著(P0.05)增加小鼠体质量和饲料效率,降低其采食量;可显著(P0.05)增加盲肠内容物中短链脂肪酸的含量;可显著(P0.05)增加盲肠内容物乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌的量;高、中剂量可显著降低肠杆菌和肠球菌的量。结果表明,花椒精油可促进因STZ诱导的1型糖尿病小鼠盲肠内容物中有益菌的生长,抑制有害菌的生长,从而改善1型糖尿病小鼠的肠道健康。     

New Coumarin Derivatives and Other Constituents from the Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae: Effects on Neutrophil Pro-Inflammatory Responses

Three new coumarin derivatives, 8-formylalloxanthoxyletin (1), avicennone (2), and (Z)-avicennone (3), have been isolated from the stem bark of Zanthoxylum avicennae (Z. avicennae), together with 15 known compounds (4–18). The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectroscopic and MS analyses. Compounds 1, 4, 9, 12, and 15 exhibited inhibition (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values ≤7.65 µg/mL) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Compounds 1, 2, 4, 8 and 9 inhibited fMLP/CB-induced elastase release with IC₅₀ values ≤8.17 µg/mL. This investigation reveals bioactive isolates (especially 1, 2, 4, 8, 9, 12 and 15) could be further developed as potential candidates for the treatment or prevention of various inflammatory diseases.