酶法制备鲍鱼脏器呈味肽及呈味氨基酸

研究了酶法制备鲍鱼脏器呈味肽及呈味氨基酸的最佳条件.鲍鱼脏器分别经中性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶水解,中性蛋白酶酶解产物的水解度和肽得率最大,鲜味氨基酸含量最高且口味最好.以中性蛋白酶为工具酶,通过单因素试验和响应面分析确定了酶解的最佳条件:酶加量3 000 U/g,温度46℃,pH 7.8,时间3 h,底物质量分数...     

美拉德反应制备鲍鱼脏器肽呈味基料及其抗氧化活性研究

采用美拉德反应处理皱纹盘鲍脏器肽制备呈味基料,并通过感官评定实验及体外抗氧化实验评价了美拉德反应处理对鲍鱼脏器肽风味及抗氧化活性的影响.结果表明,鲍鱼脏器肽经美拉德反应处理后,鲜味增加,腥、苦等不良口味下降,总体风味得到显著提升.与反应前相比,美拉德反应产物的DPPH自由基清除活性增强百倍,而羟自由基清除活性及还原活性...     

双酶协同水解乌贼内脏的工艺条件研究

以乌贼内脏为原料,利用5种蛋白酶对其进行水解,从中选出水解效果较好的木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶,并确定了木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶复合酶解乌贼内脏的最佳工艺。结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶与中性蛋白酶的最佳复合比例为3∶1,总加酶量为6000U/g;水解温度为50℃;固液比为1∶3;水解时间为7h;pH值为6.5,所得乌贼内脏水解液的水解度可达24.83%。所得酶解产物经Aglient 1200高效液相色谱分析,共检出17种氨基酸,氨基酸总量达57.44%,其中必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的41.90%,氨基酸比例均衡。     

The packaging problem: Bivalve prey selection and prey entry techniques of the octopus Enteroctopus dofleini.

Many predators face a complex step of prey preparation before consumption. Octopuses faced with bivalve prey use several techniques to penetrate the shells to gain access to the meat inside. When given prey of mussels Mytilus trossulus, Manila clams Venerupis philippinarum, and littleneck clams Protothaca staminea, Enteroctopus dofleini solved the problem differently. They pulled apart V. philippinarum and M. trossulus, which had the thinnest shells and the least pulling resistance. P. staminea were eaten after the shells had been chipped or had been penetrated by drilling, presumably to inject a toxin. Likely because of these differences, octopuses consumed more V. philippinarum and M. trossulus than P. staminea when the mollusks were given to them either 1 species at a time or all together. However, when the shells were separated and the penetration problem removed, the octopuses predominantly chose P. staminea and nearly ignored M. trossulus. When V. philippinarum were wired shut, octopuses switched techniques. These results emphasize that octopuses can learn on the basis of nonvisual information and monitor their body position to carry out feeding actions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Spoilage potential of ice-stored whole musky octopus (Eledone moschata)

The spoilage potential of fresh musky octopus ( Eledone moschata ) was determined by evaluating the changes in biochemical and physical properties, microbial growth and sensory quality of the mantle and tentacles, over a period of 18 days. Whole musky octopus, stored in melting ice from the time of harvest, had a storage life of 10 days. Early deterioration in the sensory quality resulted primarily from autolytic reactions. Pseudomonas spp. dominated the spoilage flora, reaching an average count of 10⁸ CFU g⁻¹ at the end of the trial. The bacterial metabolic end products (trimethylamine, total volatile bases) were not useful as objective indicators of freshness, and measurements of pH would only provide an indicator of decomposition. Changes in the dielectric properties of the mantle were reflective of quality deterioration, but could not yield precise information on the storage history of the cephalopod. The common sulphide producer, Shewanella putrefaciens , was not a major spoiler of ice-stored musky octopus.     

Effects of abomasal vegetable oil infusion on splanchnic nutrient metabolism in lactating dairy cows

Changes in the metabolism of nutrients by the portal-drained viscera (PDV) and liver may contribute to the reduction in dry matter intake (DMI) and other production responses generally observed in lactating dairy cows fed supplemental long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). In the present study, effects of a 7-d abomasal infusion of vegetable oil on arterial concentration and splanchnic (PDV and liver) metabolism of nutrients were measured in six cows at 55 (early lactation [ELAC]) and 111 (midlactation [MLAC]) d postpartum. Cows were fed for ad libitum DMI at 8-h intervals, and blood samples for measurement of splanchnic metabolism were obtained over 8 h beginning 2 h before feeding at 0830 h. Blood flow for the PDV and liver was increased by oil infusion and was greater in ELAC, despite similar-feed DMI during blood sampling. Increased blood flow in ELAC was associated with greater liver oxygen removal and glucose release that accompanied greater milk yield. In contrast, oil infusion had no effect on splanchnic oxygen use. Greater blood flow during oil infusion may have been due to specific effects of intestinal LCFA supply on PDV blood flow. Net PDV release and liver removal of branched-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia were increased by oil infusion. Net PDV release of longer-chain (4 and 5 C) VFA and NEFA was greater in ELAC, but net PDV flux of other nutrients was not affected by lactation stage, possibly due to the similarity of feed DMI. Oil infusion increased arterial concentration and net PDV release and liver removal of NEFA, and it decreased net liver release and arterial concentration of glucose. Effects of oil infusion on liver glucose release were associated with decreased daily DMI. In ELAC, arterial concentration and net liver removal of NEFA were also increased, but liver release of glucose was greater than in MLAC. Oil infusion and ELAC both increased net liver removal of L-lactate. The resulting decrease in net total splanchnic release of L-lactate in ELAC reflects decreased tissue energy balance of the cows. Generally, stage of lactation and relative milk yield had greater effects on metabolism of the liver than the PDV, in which metabolism was largely dictated by DMI. In the present study, there was little evidence to suggest an effect of stage of lactation on the metabolic response ofthe PDV and liver to postruminal LCFA supply.     

罗非鱼油的制取工艺及其氧化防止方法

以罗非鱼的鱼内脏为研究对象 ,采用钾盐蒸煮法从罗非鱼内脏中提取鱼油的工艺条件和纯化不饱和脂肪酸 (PUFA)的方法 ,对精制鱼油的氧化性及人工合成抗氧化剂 (TBHQ)、VE、茶多酚 3种抗氧化剂对鱼油的抗氧化性能进行了研究 .通过正交试验及对比试验 ,结果表明 ,从罗非鱼内脏中制取鱼油的最佳工艺条件 :水解温度 70～ 80℃ ,水解时间 4 0min ,KNO3用量 6 g/dL ,盐析时间 10min ;采用低温 钾盐乙醇法纯化鱼油PUFA的效果比尿素包埋法好 ;TBHQ、VE、茶多酚 3种抗氧化剂对鱼油抗氧化作用以茶多酚效果最好     

超滤膜分离鲍鱼内脏酶解物及其体外抗氧化活性的研究

利用超滤膜对鲍鱼内脏酶解物进行分离,考察了各分子量段酶解物的成分组成和抗氧化活性。利用截留分子量为10000 u、3000 u、500 u的超滤膜分离得到FA、FB、FC和FD等四个组分中,FA组分的总糖和蛋白含量分别为34.06%和17.20%,而FB、FC和FD等组分主要是由蛋白组成,其游离氨基酸含量分别高达23.20、25.4、28.68 g/100g。根据Tricine-SDS-PAGE和β-消除反应的分析结果,表明FA中位于间隔胶的高分子组分(HMWF)含有N-糖苷键结合的糖蛋白,而分子量为25 ku的成分主要是蛋白。凝胶渗透色谱数据表明FB、FC和FD的分子量主要分布在300 u左右。另一方面,体外抗氧化结果表明,在低浓度下FA组分具有较强的DPPH自由基清除活性和还原力;当质量浓度高于5 mg/m L时,各超滤组分的DPPH自由基清除活性无明显差异,但FB、FC和FD组分的还原力明显高于FA组分;不管是低浓度还是高浓度,FB、FC和FD组分的羟自由基清除活性都明显高于FA组分。     

草珊瑚、虫草菌粉及葛根对肝纤维化大鼠脏器指数的影响

目的：观察草珊瑚、虫草菌粉及葛根对肝纤维化大鼠脏器指数的影响。方法将50只 SD 大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组、模型组、草珊瑚组、虫草组及葛根组,每组10只。模型组、草珊瑚组、虫草组及葛根组均采用40％四氯化碳皮下注射,每周2次,6周制作大鼠肝纤维化模型。第7周开始草珊瑚组、虫草组及葛根组分别给予草珊瑚流浸膏、发酵虫草菌粉及葛根灌胃;正常组及模型组不给药,只灌服蒸馏水。给药6周后在麻醉状态下解剖,分别取出肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和胸腺等脏器,称湿重并计算脏器指数。结果与正常组比较,模型组、草珊瑚组、虫草组及葛根组肝脏、脾脏和肾脏指数均明显增加（均 P ＜0．01）。虫草组肝脏质量较正常组及草珊瑚组明显增加（P ＜0．05或 P ＜0．01）、与模型组比较肝脏指数明显升高（P ＜0．05）。与模型组比较,草珊瑚组、虫草组及葛根组脾脏质量和脾脏指数有所降低,但差异均无统计学意义（均 P ＞0．05）。模型组、草珊瑚组、虫草组及葛根组肾脏质量和肾脏指数比较差异均无统计学意义（均 P ＞0．05）。与正常组比较,虫草组和葛根组胸腺质量均有明显减轻（P ＜0．05或P＜0．01）,葛根组胸腺质量和指数与模型组及草珊瑚组比较均有显著的降低（P ＜0．05或 P ＜0．01）。结论草珊瑚流浸膏、发酵虫草菌粉及葛根抗大鼠肝纤维化作用途径可能不同,其中葛根对机体免疫功能的影响更强。     

鲍内脏酶解工艺条件的优化

目的建立鲍内脏酶解工艺条件,为鲍内脏多糖、多肽的工业化生产提供参考。方法以多糖提取率和蛋白质水解度为指标,研究p H值、提取温度、料液比、加酶量和酶解时间等因素对鲍内脏酶解效果的影响,运用响应面设计优化酶解工艺参数。结果选用木瓜蛋白酶与胰蛋白酶对鲍内脏进行复合酶解,适宜的酶解条件为p H 8.0、酶解温度40℃、料液比1:40,加酶量3000 U/g,在此条件下,比较不同酶解时间对酶解产物的影响,发现多糖提取率在酶解6 h时达到最大,为16.58%,而酶解液的水溶性蛋白含量、蛋白质水解度和对DPPH清除率均随酶解时间的延长而增加。结论木瓜蛋白酶与胰蛋白酶复合酶解鲍内脏效果良好,能够获得较高的多糖提取率,酶解液具有良好的清除DPPH活性。