小浪底水库运用初期非汛期调度方式的分析

应用水量调度决策支持系统 ,研究了小浪底水库考虑多个兴利目标的非汛期优化运用方案 ,对运用方案分析提出了水库优化运用区间 ,采用数理统计方法探讨了水库非汛期的线性调度函数 ,取得了初步成果可供水量调度部门参考使用     

基坑工程雨季施工措施的探讨

结合某校教学楼基坑工程实践，对防止滑坡采取措施的有效性进行了总结，同时对滑坡出现的原因进行分析，提出了预防基坑滑坡应注意事项。     

城市笔记之十一：有关瑞霭、海云、季风、寒潮的记述，或一幅切过大连上空的节气剖面

说到城市或是建筑的“基地”，人们常会想到坚实的土地，却把地面之上的天空以及白云之下流动的空气当作无睹或是无思之在。本文恰要把基地观察的焦点从土地转移开去，以大连为例，讲讲这座城市上空近乎透明的风的故事。     

Runoff Analysis for a Small Watershed of Tono Area Japan by Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network with Seasonal Data

The rainfall runoff (R-R) process was studied for two small sub-basins having different sizes in a mountainous catchment of Tono area Japan. The runoff and other meterological data have been collected in this catchment for the last 14 years. The major objective of this study was to construct numerical models for these sub-basins to predict runoff after 1/2 and 1 h. The effects of season and the size of the catchment on R-R process were also investigated. The hydrogeological conditions of the catchment were studied prior to the analyses. The data obtained for summer (rainy) and winter (dry) seasons were treated separately in order to study the seasonal effects on the model development. The back propagation artificial neural network technique (BPANN) and the multivariate autoregressive and moving average models (ARMA) were adopted for the analysis. It was found that for very small catchments the seasonal effects are dominant and therefore separate models should be developed for each season to obtain better forecasting estimates. It was also found that the predictions by BPANN models were better than multivariate ARMA models for intense rains having complex R-R relationships in summer. On the other hand, both the modelling techniques yielded almost similar results for smaller rains in winter. It was also found clearly that the accuracy of prediction decreased with the increase of the time period for prediction.     

三门峡水利枢纽汛期发电的泥沙调节

三门峡水利枢纽从1989年起汛期进行浑水发电试验，优化汛期调度运用。最近几年汛期，在深入分析进出库水沙变化和冲淤情况的基础上，合理地进行了水沙调节。汛期发电与排沙分阶段运用，洪水多沙期降低水位泄洪排沙，恢复库容；平水期控制305m水位发电，入库泥沙经坝前空水段分选，出库泥沙减少，颗粒细化，过机水流减沙效果更为显著。选择适当时机排沙3～4天，全水淤积物可全部清出库外，库容恢复后调沙效果进一步提高。回水末端以上河道不受空水影响，河床冲刷继续发展。     

Book reviews

Seasonality and seasons of Estonian landscapes are analysed using selected natural and social indicators of urban and rural landscapes. Seasonality has a great influence on the ecological and visual features of landscapes; seasonal variability is especially great in temperate climate zones where relatively cold winters alternate with warm summers. The indicators that are suitable for describing the seasonality of landscapes are natural parameters such as air temperature, radiation regime, climatic seasons and snow cover, and social parameters of birthdays, alcohol consumption and state budget allocations. Because of the great seasonal differences in natural and socio-economic conditions, the differences between urban and rural landscapes having different seasonal rhythms are focused upon. One of the main differences is the change in lifestyle which is detected in the change in the seasonal variability of births. Seasonal differences between urban and rural landscapes are also confirmed by parameters of changing climate and some social indicators. The developing information society creates new jobs and a lifestyle that has its own seasonal rhythm. Periods of active work and social activity accumulate towards the deadlines preceding the Christmas and the summer period of vacations. A project-oriented information society has more flexibility to enjoy nature in rural landscapes during different seasons.     

三门峡水电站1989—1994年汛期浑水发电试验研究情况综述

对三门峡水电站１９８９￣１９９４年汛期浑水发电试验研究情况作了概括性介绍。章指出，１９８９年以前三门峡水电站汛期不能发电主要是由于汛期含沙量高、电站泄流排沙设施还不完善、水库管理运用经验不足以及发电设备抗磨蚀性能差等原因造成的。通过６年汛期浑水发电试验研究，摸清了水轮机过流部件在汛期运用条件下的磨蚀破坏规律，掌握了各部位的破坏面积，特征和强度；在３８种试验材料中筛选出了ＳＰＨＧ１合金粉末喷焊材料     

Diversity among various forms of catechins and its synthesizing enzyme (phenylalanine ammonia lyase) in relation to quality of black tea (Camellia spp.)

BACKGROUND: Quality of tea depends on the cultivar and climatic conditions. Biochemical pathways within the plant and climatic factors can result in noticeable changes in chemical composition, which determine the quality of tea. Black tea quality attributes are influenced by various forms of catechins, namely gallated, non‐gallated, dihydroxylated and trihydroxylated catechins and their ratios. Hence the variations in grouped catechins and their synthesizing enzyme in relation to quality of south Indian black tea grown in different seasons and different cultivars were studied. RESULTS: Gallated, non‐gallated, dihydroxylated, trihydroxylated catechins and catechin index were significantly higher in crop shoots harvested during summer. A significant and wide diversity in various forms of catechins was noticed among the cultivars tested. Among the cultivars, UPASI‐3 registered the higher amount of various forms of catechins and activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), followed by UPASI‐9 and UPASI‐17 respectively, while the lowest amount was exhibited by ‘Assam’ seedlings and TRI‐2043. CONCLUSION: Overall quality as evaluated by tea tasters was positively correlated to the cultivars and seasons tested. This positive correlation can be attributed to higher levels of grouped catechins and PAL activity. Thus the contents of various forms of catechins could be the most important quality parameter of the south Indian black teas. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

从“四季花卉”题材谈花鸟瓷画多维空间表达

花鸟瓷画多维空间表达指的是三维空间融入时间维度的空间表达。以"四季花卉"题材为例,分析花鸟瓷画多维空间的环境、画面、立体、内外等表达方式以及灵活性、多视点、历时性的表达特点,并分析其对于创作者和欣赏者的意义。