Investigating the effect of silver nanorods embedded in polydimethylsiloxane matrix using nanoindentation and its use for flexible electronics

The stretchable electrodes with excellent flexibility, electrical conductivity, and mechanical durability are the most fundamental components in the emerging and exciting field of flexible electronics. This article proposes a method for fabrication of such a stretchable electrode by embedding silver nanorods (AgNRs) into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix that is grown by a unique glancing angle deposition technique. The surface, mechanical, and electrical properties of PDMS are significantly changed after embedding the AgNRs in it. The results show that surface roughness and polarity increase after AgNRs are embedded in the PDMS matrix. Elastic modulus (E) and hardness (H) decrease with an increase in the indentation load as a result of the indentation depth effect. Due to strong interfacial adhesion of AgNRs embedded in the PDMS matrix, the E and H of nanocomposite are increased by 167.6 and 93.3% compared with PDMS film, respectively. Furthermore, the AgNRs-PDMS film has an electrical resistivity value in the order of 10⁻⁷ Ωm. It remains conductive during various mechanical strains such as bending, twisting, and stretching, which is demonstrated using a light-emitting diode circuit. Simultaneously, the antimicrobial activity of silver could make it a promising candidate for wearable electronics.     

纳米压痕法对304不锈钢残余应力的研究

利用纳米压痕法研究了304不锈钢的残余应力,采用Suresh理论模型恒定载荷时的公式计算残余应力,最大加载载荷依次为500μN、1 000μN、1 500μN、2 000μN、2500μN。结果表明,不锈钢硬度和弹性模量为定值,退火前后的硬度分别为5.3GPa和4.0 GPa,弹性模量分别为110 GPa和100 GPa。利用Ansys分析软件模拟了压痕过程,发现不锈钢在受压过程中有Sink-in现象发生。纳米压痕法测得了未退火不锈钢存在残余压应力,大小为381 MPa;用XRD测得了未退火不锈钢中有350 MPa±23 MPa的残余压应力,两种测量结果吻合良好,说明了纳米压痕法在残余应力测试时的准确性与可靠性。     

基于纳米压痕技术的电子玻璃微观力学性能研究

为了研究不同电子玻璃的微观力学性能,采用先进的纳米压痕技术记录钠钙硅、无碱硼铝硅和碱铝硅等典型电子玻璃的载荷-位移曲线,利用Oliver-Pharr方法和经典的弹塑性变形理论,计算玻璃的硬度和弹性模量. 玻璃的硬度主要与结构的键合度相关,平均非桥氧数越高,外力作用下越容易致密化,硬度越小;弹性模量主要取决于质点间的化学键强度,化学键力越强,变形越小,弹性模量越大;九点法测得的弹性模量与硬度的变化趋势不完全相同,借助硬度-弹性模量-能量耗散之间的本征关系,评价玻璃样品的微观均匀性,其中无碱硼铝硅玻璃的恢复阻力大,局部能量耗散大,不容易引起整体破坏,力学性能最好;与浮法工艺相比,溢流下拉法制备样品的局部力学性能波动较小,微观均匀性较好.     

氧化薄膜对锆-4合金表面性能的影响

为了研究氧化薄膜对Zr-4合金表面性能的影响,对样品分别进行了350℃和400℃各10 min,15 min,20 min和25 min氧化.结果发现,不同条件下氧化生成的样品表面呈现不同的颜色.小角掠射X射线衍射分析(GAXRD)表明,生成的氧化物为非化学计量的六方相氧化锆.样品在0.5 mol/L的H2SO4溶液中进行电化学试验发现,氧化后样品的耐电化学腐蚀性能有所提高.而用纳米压痕仪试验的结果表明,氧化后样品有较高的纳米硬度和较低的弹性模量,意味着氧化后样品可能有更好的耐磨性.400℃氧化样品对合金性能的提高优于350℃氧化样品.     

Elastic properties of adhesive polymers. II. Polymer films and bond lines by means of nanoindentation

Seven different polymers used frequently as adhesives and/or matrix polymers in wood, wood composites, and natural fiber‐reinforced composites were studied by uniaxial tensile tests and nanoindentation. It was shown that the elastic modulus, the hardness, the creep factor, and the elastic‐, plastic‐, and viscoelastic work of indentation of the seven different polymers is essentially the same regardless whether the polymers were tested in the form of pure films or in situ, i.e., in an adhesive bond line with spruce wood. An excellent correlation was found between the elastic modulus measured by tensile tests and the elastic modulus measured by nanoindentation. In spite of the good correlation, the elastic modulus measured by nanoindentation is significantly higher than the elastic modulus measured by tensile tests. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:1234–1239, 2006     

Comparison of TiAIN,AICrN, and AICrN/TiAIN coatings for cutting-tool applications

Monolayer and bilayer coatings of TiAlN, AlCrN, and AlCrN/TiAlN were deposited onto tungsten carbide inserts using the plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition process. The microstructures of the coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and atomic force microscopy （AFM）. The SEM micrographs revealed that the AlrN and AlCrN/TiAlN coatings were uniform and highly dense and contained only a limited number of microvoids. The TiAIN coating was non-uniform and highly porous and contained more micro droplets. The hardness and scratch resistance of the specimens were measured using a nanoindentation tester and scratch tester, respectively. Different phases formed in the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The AlCrN/TiAlN coating exhibited a higher hardness （32.75 GPa）, a higher Young＇s modulus （561.97 GPa）, and superior scratch resistance （LcN = 46 N） compared to conventional coatings such as TiAlN, A1CrN, and TiN.     

Cu基块状非晶晶化过程的微区变形及力学性能

在玻璃转变温度以下选择350、400、475及600 K进行1 h的等温退火,用纳米压痕仪、扫描电镜等研究Cu基块状非晶晶化过程的力学性能及变形。Cu基块状非晶在纳米压头作用下体现弹-塑性变形方式,载荷—位移曲线和压痕周边多重剪切带的特征证明了塑性变形的存在。350 K退火试样具有较大的压痕硬度HV和弹性模量E值及较小的塑性变形量dn值;400 K退火后,HV和E值显著减小,dn值明显增大;475 K退火后,有少量晶体相析出,但合金以非晶的特性为主,HV和E值继续减小,dn值继续增大;600 K退火后,晶体相进一步长大和析出,其固溶强化和弥散强化使合金的HV和E值有所增加,dn值略有减小。对塑性变形机理进行了初步分析。     

单晶SnO2纳米带裂纹形核的临界应力和断裂韧性

使用纳米压痕法测量了单晶SnO2纳米带的硬度、断裂韧性以及裂纹形核的临界应力。结果表明，当载荷大于临界值后微裂纹就从压痕顶端形核、扩展；与此相应，在载荷一位移曲线上出现位移突变平台，根据平台载荷计算出压痕裂纹形核的临界应力σc=3．4GPa；利用裂纹的长度计算出SnO2纳米带的断裂韧性为0．028—0．066MPa-m^1／2，其平均值为KIc=0．044MPa-rn^1／2，它比其它块体脆性材料的断裂韧性小一个数量级,实验测出SnO2纳米带的硬度H=6．25GPa和弹性模量E=86．7GPa。     

TiN附着膜的应力-应变关系

利用等离子体辅助化学气相沉积法(PACVD)在60Mn钢基片上沉积2．5μm厚的TiN膜．借助X射线应力分析技术和微拉伸设备，测量该附着膜纵向(加载方向)应力和横向应力及外载应变，进而求其等效应力-等效单轴应变关系，并由此算得它的条件屈服点σ0．1和σ0．2分别为4．2和4．4GPa，加工硬化指数为0．36．用纳米压痕仪测得其硬度为25GPa，弹性模量为420GPa．TiN膜在拉伸过程中发生了塑性变形．     

AZ31镁合金表面液相渗铝的工艺与性能

采用液相扩渗技术在挤压态AZ31镁合金表面快速渗入铝，在合金表面获得过共晶渗层，并对渗层的成分、相组成、扩渗过程、纳米硬度和腐蚀性能进行分析。结果表明：AZ31镁合金在480℃热扩渗铝过程中发生了“熔化—凝固”变化，渗层为典型的过共晶组织：渗铝层含有Mg17A112相和镁的铝饱和固溶体，这种渗层具有较高的纳米硬度和较好的耐腐蚀性能；通过提高扩渗温度进行液相扩渗可以大大提高扩渗速度，但由于快速凝固收缩会造成表层产生起伏现象，控制冷却速度可以将表层起伏控制在可接受的范围。