香菇多糖和金针菇多糖的提取及其抑菌活性

为了探索食用菌多糖在抗菌方面的开发和应用,采用菌丝体发酵法,制得金针菇和香菇胞外多糖,采用热水浸提结合微波预处理法,提取香菇菌柄多糖,并采用正交试验方法对提取工艺进行优化,然后采用滤纸片法测试金针菇胞外多糖、香菇胞外多糖和香菇菌柄多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌的抑制活性．结果表明：香菇菌柄多糖提取的最佳工艺为微波预处理3mm（处理过程中微波炉的功率为480w）、料液比为1：30（g：mL）、浸提时间为1．5h和浸提温度为96℃．在8．5mg／mL的浓度下,金针菇胞外多糖,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌均无抑制作用;在4．8mg／mL的浓度下,香菇胞外多糖和香菇菌柄多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌均有抑制活性．香菇胞外多糖,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为0．15、4．8、4．8mg／mL;香菇菌柄多糖,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白色念球菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为2．4、4．8、4．8mg／mL．不同浓度的香菇多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白球念球菌的抑制活性不同;香菇胞外多糖和香菇菌柄多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和白球念球菌的抑制活性存在差异．     

Effect of ultraviolet‐B irradiation on antioxidative properties of aqueous extracts from shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushrooms

Antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from Lentinus edodes treated with UV‐B irradiation were examined in vitro systems including DPPH, ABTS and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays and in riboflavin‐photosensitised oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions. Changes in total phenolics, total flavonoids and vitamin C were also analysed. Lentinus edodes receiving 25 kJ m^?2 UV‐B treatment showed high radical scavenging ability based on DPPH and ABTS assays compared with samples with 0, 50 and 75 kJ m^?2, while those with 50 kJ m^?2 had higher antioxidant capacities than other samples from ORAC assays. Samples with 25 kJ m^?2 UV treatment had significantly 7.1% higher total phenolic content, 12.0% higher total flavonoid content and 8.0% higher vitamin C content than UV‐B‐untreated sample (P < 0.05), respectively. In O/W emulsions under riboflavin photosensitisation, 25 and 50 kJ m^?2 UV treatment significantly increased the oxidative stability compared with other samples based on headspace oxygen content and lipid hydroperoxide analyses (P < 0.05). Aqueous extracts of UV‐B‐treated mushrooms possessed enhanced antioxidant properties compared with untreated mushrooms.     

Polysaccharides in Lentinus edodes: Isolation,Structure, Immunomodulating Activity and Future Prospective

Lentinus edodes has been valued as edible and medical resources. Polysaccharides have been known to be the most potent antitumor and immunomodulating substance in Lentinus edodes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the polysaccharides isolated from Lentinus edodes, including extraction and purification methods, chemical structure and chain conformation, the effects on innate and adaptive immunity and their mechanism, relationship between structure and function, and the future prospects.     

不同复水条件对香菇特征香味物质的影响

目的研究干香菇经不同复水条件处理后其特征香味物质含量的变化,实现干香菇的科学复水。方法新鲜香菇经热风干燥后进行复水处理,通过顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(headspacesolid-phase microextraction-gaschromatography-massspectrometry,SPME-GC-MS)的方法对复水香菇中的挥发性含硫化合物和八碳化合物进行分析,以环己酮为内标物,采用内标法进行定量分析,分别考察不同复水时间、不同复水温度和不同复水pH值下香菇中特征香味物质的含量。结果经不同复水时间处理后,香菇中含硫化合物含量为38.30～79.84μg/g,八碳化合物含量为4.33～10.97μg/g;经不同复水温度处理后,香菇中含硫化合物含量为12.82～44.45μg/g,八碳化合物含量为2.50～9.84μg/g;不同pH值条件下复水处理后,香菇中含硫化合物含量为6.10～72.52μg/g,八碳化合物含量为0.86～7.61μg/g。结论结果表明,干香菇在温度为40℃、pH值为9时,复水处理40min,其挥发性含硫化合物的含量较高,复水香菇表现为浓郁的"香菇味";干香菇在温度为40℃、pH值为7时,复水处理20 min,其挥发性八碳化合物的含量较高,复水香菇表现为明显的"蘑菇味",应根据实际情况选择合适的复水条件。     

香菇中5''''-核苷酸的高效液相色谱-质谱分析

采用高效液相色谱／质谱法，对香菇中5’-核苷酸进行了分析。在ODS柱上，以含0．05％磷酸的水．甲醇(90／10，V／V)为流动相进行了分离。以HPLC与LC／MS联合定性香菇中5’-核苷酸为5’-肌苷酸，5’-鸟苷酸，5’-尿苷酸和5’-腺苷酸。采用外标法定量，它们的标准加入回收率分别为100．4％、99．0％、97．8％、和97．2％，相对标准偏筹分别为2．07％、2．18％、1．91％和2．76％，检出限分别为2．5、2．1、3．2、和3．5μg／ml。该方法准确可靠，简便易行。     

蒽酮-硫酸法测定菌类保健品中的活性多糖

用蒽酮 硫酸法测定灵芝孢子精、灵芝冲剂和香菇等菌类保健品中活性葡聚糖的含量.研究了沸水浴时间、乙醇浓度、硫酸体积等对葡聚糖含量测定的影响,得到较为优化的测定条件.结果表明,该方法的回收率为93.2%～98.4%,相对标准偏差为1.04%～8.12%(n=5).     

香菇多糖L-2对荷瘤小鼠TNF-α和IL-2的影响

我们提取纯化得到一种重均分子量为2.03×105、单糖为葡萄糖的香菇多糖级分(L-2)后,评价了香菇多糖L-2对荷S-180小鼠细胞免疫的影响。连续10d通过腹腔注射给予小鼠不同剂量的香菇多糖L-2(10mg/kg体重),测定了正常小鼠与荷S-180小鼠的血清中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)和白介素2(IL-2)的含量,以及香菇多糖L-2对TNF-α和IL-2的mRNA表达的影响。与对照组小鼠相比,血清中TNF-α含量有显著增加,而血清中IL-2含量没有变化,与此同时,香菇多糖L-2可以上调TNF-α的mRNA的表达。结果揭示多糖L-2有增加TNF-α含量的作用,多糖增强免疫力与TNF-α含量增加以及在转录水平上调TNF-αmRNA的表达有关。     

Effects of different inorganic salts and organic nutrient components on the growth of Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) mycelium on solid medium

The influence of 11 inorganic salts and various organic nutrients on the mycelial growth of Lentinula edodes (Berk) Pegler (Shiitake) on solid medium was studied. All of these inorganic salts exerted concentration‐dependent inhibitory effects. Nitrite caused the strongest inhibition: 8 mM nitrite inhibited the growth completely. The inhibitory effect of nitrite could be reduced by the addition of ascorbic acid or a black tea extract. The effects of the addition of the different organic nutrients were investigated in order to optimize the composition of the culture medium. The medium containing malt extract (15 g l^?1), starch (3 g l^?1) and oak wood chips (20 g l^?1) proved best for mycelial growth. Growth was not promoted by components with a high organic nitrogen content. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry