Recent Development of Photothermal Agents (PTAs) Based on Small Organic Molecular Dyes

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted great attention due to its noninvasive and effective use against cancer. Various photothermal agents (PTAs) including organic and inorganic PTAs have been developed in the last decades. Organic PTAs based on small-molecule dyes exhibit great potential for future clinical applications considering their good biocompatibility and easy chemical modification or functionalization. In this review, we discuss the recent progress of organic PTAs based on small-molecule dyes for enhanced PTT. We summarize the strategies to improve the light penetration of PTAs, methods to enhance their photothermal conversion efficiency, how to optimize PTAs’ delivery into deep tumors, and how to resist photobleaching under repeated laser irradiation. We hope that this review can rouse the interest of researchers in the field of PTAs based on small-molecule dyes and help them to fabricate next-generation PTAs for noninvasive cancer therapy.     

Robust Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

In this paper, permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are investigated. According to the feature of PMSMs, a novel state equation of PMSMs is obtained by choosing suitable state variables. Based on the state equation, robust controllers are designed via interval matrix and PI control idea. In terms of bilinear matrix inequations, sufficient conditions for the existence of the robust controller are derived. In order to reduce the conservation and the dependence on parameter, the control inputs of PMSMs are divided into two parts, a feedforward control input and a feedback control input, and relevant sufficient conditions for the existence of the controller are obtained. Because of the suitable choice of state variables, the proposed control strategies can cope with the load uncertainty and have robustness for disturbance. Finally, simulations are carried out via Matlab/Simulink soft to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies. The performance of the proposed control strategies are demonstrated by the simulation results.      

Experimental study on the permeability and self-healing capacity of geosynthetic clay liners in heavy metal solutions

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), which have a very low permeability to water and a considerably high self-healing capacity, are widely used in liner systems of landfills. In this study, a series of experimental tests were carried out under complex conditions on typical commercial GCLs from China. In particular, the effects of pH values and lead ions (Pb²⁺) were tested in addition to other factors. The swelling properties of natural bentonite encapsulated between geotextile components in the GCLs were tested first. The swelling capacity was reduced rapidly at pH values < 3 and concentrations of Pb²⁺ >40 mM. Permeability tests on GCLs with different concentrations of lead ions were then performed by using the self-developed multi-link flexible wall permeameter, and data showed that increases in lead ion concentrations greatly improved the permeability. Finally, self-healing capacity tests were conducted on needle-punched GCLs under different levels of damage. Results showed that the GCLs have a good self-healing capacity with small diameter damage holes (2 mm, close to three times the original aperture), but with a damage aperture larger than 15% of the sample area, the self-healing capacity could not prevent leakage; hence, in certain situations it will be necessary to repair the damage to meet the anti-seepage requirement.     

基于昂普分析的黄冈大别山世界地质公园旅游开发研究

黄冈大别山世界地质公园拥有4大类12亚类53处地质遗迹资源,为中国自太古代以来的中央造山带形成演化的天然实验室,大别山地区旅游资源丰富。游客量和旅游收入逐年稳步增加,但公园旅游客源地空间的集中程度高,以湖北省武汉市游客为主,外省游客以周边地区居多。游客出游距离以短程为主。旅游业向着多元化和融合创新的全域旅游发展,而地学旅游资源产品单一化对于大众游客缺乏吸引力,以地学旅游为核心的旅游形式和内容需要再进一步开发。通过昂普分析,提出了具体的地学旅游资源开发对策与措施,旅游产业融合产业创新,提高公园旅游一体化服务水平,打造地质与人文一体旅游,发展以世界级地质公园地学旅游为主的多元化旅游活动和旅游产品,打造有效的地学旅游宣传推广体系。公园作为地学和文化综合旅游目的地,应加强区域间旅游合作建设,拓宽公园旅游市场。     

Q690钢焊接接头微观组织对冷裂纹的影响研究

分析了Q690钢手工电弧焊与气体保护焊焊接冷裂纹产生与微观组织的联系。结果表明: 焊接冷裂纹起源于斜Y坡口根部, 沿熔合区、焊缝扩展至焊缝表面;2种工艺焊接的接头组织硬度均较母材高, 而塑性较差。热影响区为马氏体、贝氏体与铁素体混合组织, 焊缝组织由先共析铁素体、侧板条铁素体、贝氏体和针状铁素体等组成, 针状铁素体抗裂纹扩展能力较其他组织强。在2种焊接方法对应断口中观察到了冷裂纹起裂、扩展与断裂区的不同形貌, 起裂与扩展区存在塑性变形, 而断裂区为解理断裂。     

海藻化工以氢氧化钙作为钙化剂的新型钙化工艺研究

研究了海藻化工中以氢氧化钙作为钙化剂的新型钙化工艺,使用氢氧化钙+氯化钙作为褐藻酸钠的钙化剂替代传统的单一氯化钙。确定的双钙钙化工艺条件：每升褐藻酸钠胶液（褐藻酸钠质量浓度为2.5 g/L）,添加氯化钙溶液29.0 mL（质量分数为5%）,添加氢氧化钙溶液13.75 mL（质量分数为5%）,复合钙化剂中氯化钙与氢氧化钙物质的量比为1.19∶1。与传统工艺相比,新型钙化工艺褐藻酸钠的产率未有明显变化,得到的褐藻酸钠粘度稍有降低,粘度由275.1 mPa·s降低至241.3 mPa·s;氯化钙使用量降低40%以上,总钙添加量减少19%。双钙钙化工艺实现了对钙化废水的再利用,废水中钙质量浓度经处理由483 mg/L降到20 mg/L左右,电导率由6.84 mS/cm降至4.28 mS/cm;经脱钙处理的钙化废水回用后对产品褐藻酸钠的产率和粘度没有显著影响。新工艺操作简单,不仅有效减少了钙化废水中离子的引入,同时可以实现低成本地脱钙,脱钙后的废水可以作为冲稀水回收利用,减少了水资源的消耗,为海藻化工行业的减排提供了一条新的工艺途径。     

酸性服役管线管BNS力学及耐腐蚀性能研究

文章介绍了包钢钢管公司酸性服役管线管BNS成分设计要求,对材料的拉伸性能、冲击性能、组织以及耐腐蚀性能进行了检测和分析,正火处理后,材料具有良好的力学性能和抗腐蚀性能.试验结果表明,设计的BNS完全能满足酸性服役条件下管线管性能要求.