基于TOUGHREACT模拟分析黄铁矿对酸法地浸采铀的影响

酸法地浸采铀过程中,铀矿的伴生矿黄铁矿作为非目标矿物会消耗氧化剂和酸。为探明酸法浸铀过程中因黄铁矿溶解产生的变化规律,本文以巴彦乌拉铀矿采铀过程为例,采用六注二抽的“网格式”井型构建二维酸法地浸采铀模型进行模拟研究,在抽注平衡的条件下,模型中只考虑黄铁矿(FeS₂),沥青铀矿(UO₂),与石英(SiO₂)。结果表明：1)模拟结束后(1000 d),在抽注单元控制的地下水流场作用下,边界处注液井的黄铁矿溶解范围呈两极分化,最远处抵达抽液孔,为30 m,最近仅距注液井8.4 m,而中间处注液井的黄铁矿溶解范围最远达27.8 m,最近达8 m；2)地浸采铀中的关键因素Fe^₃₊在氧化还原次序中排名靠后,黄铁矿未完全溶解之时,在缺少Fe^₃₊的情况下,铀矿的溶解速率极低,直至黄铁矿完全溶解时,铀矿溶解速率才迅速增加,模拟结束后(1000 d),边界处注液井铀矿完全溶解范围为距注液井7.2 m-12.8 m,中间处注液井铀矿完全溶解范围为距注液井7 m-11 m,此时溶浸液中的六价铀(UO_2²⁺)迁移前端距离抽液孔仅8.4 m；3)铀矿的浸出经过溶解(液相)-沉淀(固相)-再溶解(液相)的多次旋回,根据铀矿的溶解-沉淀量将其划分为完全溶解区,有效溶解区和沉淀区,模拟结束后(1000 d),注液孔1完全溶解区范围为7.2m-12.8 m,此时沉淀区已形成一个锥形区域,范围为18.6 m-21.6 m,同样在抽注作用的影响下,在靠近抽液孔方向上,锥形沉淀区的尖端铀矿沉淀量最多；4)在抽注单元控制的地下水流场作用下,黄铁矿与铀矿的溶解区域,均出现靠近抽液孔方向的溶解范围大于远离抽液孔方向的溶解范围。     

Assessment of bottom-up sectoral and regional mitigation potentials

The greenhouse gas mitigation potential of different economic sectors in three world regions are estimated using a bottom-up approach. These estimates provide updates of the numbers reported in the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4). This study is part of a larger project aimed at comparing greenhouse gas mitigation potentials from bottom-up and top-down approaches. The sectors included in the analysis are energy supply, transport, industry and the residential and service sector. The mitigation potentials range from 11 to 15 GtCO₂eq. This is 26–38% of the baseline in 2030 and 47–68% relative to the year 2000. Potential savings are estimated for different cost levels. The total potential at negative costs is estimated at 5–8% relative to the baseline, with the largest share in the residential and service sector and the highest reduction percentage for the transport and industry sectors. These (negative) costs include investment, operation and maintenance and fuel costs and revenues at moderate discount rates of 3–10%. At costs below 100 US$/tCO₂, the largest potential reductions in absolute terms are estimated in the energy supply sector, while the transport sector has the lowest reduction potential.     

负载型氧化锌选择催化氧化燃料电池氢源中微量CO的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了负载型Au/ZnO催化剂并在固定床反应条件下对催化剂的性能进行分析。实验结果表明，活性组分的含量和焙烧温度对催化剂的活性有影响，在实验条件下，合适的Au的含量为1.5%（质量分数），适宜焙烧温度为300℃，即Au(1.5/ZnO-300催化剂；在反应温度为80℃，原料气CO浓度为0.4%条件下，该催化剂在350h内具有较好的活性和稳定性能，CO的转化率大于97.5%。尾气CO浓度小于0.01%；随着反应时间的进一步延长，催化剂的反应性能下降，利用XRD和BET等表征方法对催化剂进行表征分析，结果表明，反应后催化剂的比表面积小于反应前催化剂的比表面积。     

冲击荷载作用下挡土墙的位移与应力计算

利用有限元法 ,结合挡土墙的边界条件 ,分析了冲击荷载作用下挡土墙的极限位移与极限应力 ,为挡土墙后填土实施强夯施工方法提供了科学的理论依据     

铸态0Cr17Mn14Mo2N双相不锈钢加热时元素的分配

研究了铸态双相不锈钢在高温加热时各元素在铁素体和奥氏体两相中的重新分配，结果表明：铬元素在两相中的分配比例受温度的影响不大，而钼元素在温度降低时倾向于分配到铁素体中，锰元素在温度升高时在奥氏体中的分布稍多一些。     

汽轮机叶片局部激光表面淬火工艺试验研究

对汽轮机叶片进气边局部进行激光淬火工艺试验，研究工艺参数，搭接对硬化层深度，硬度及硬度分布的影响，分析了淬火后的组织特征，结果显示：激光淬火可得到深度为0．25－0.45mm的硬化层，平均硬度为HV588，20％的搭接量可满足实际使用要求。从而，得到符合实际需要的优化工艺，以替代传统工艺。     

An epidemiological study of well-water nitrates in a group of south west african/namibian infants

A study of 486 infants consuming well-water with various nitrate concentrations showed a strong correlation between actual nitrate intake and methaemoglobin levels. The regular administration of Vitamin C to infants is more important than the effects of age in lowering methaemoglobin levels. Mothers who live in high nitrate-bearing areas have increased infant wastage.     

Initial experience of clinical pharmacology and clinical pharmacy interactions in a clinical pharmacokinetics consultation service

International statistics indicate that there is a close correlation between the consumption of saturated fats (dairy fats and meat fats) and the mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), and this conception has been confirmed by many epidemiological studies. Such studies alone, however, cannot prove the existence of a cause-and-effect relationship between these two variables; dietary intervention trials are needed. The Finnish Mental Hospital Study was such a trial, conducted in two hospitals near Helsinki in 1959--1971. Practically total replacement of dairy fats by vegetable oils in the diets of these hospitals was followed by a substantial reduction in the mortality of men from CHD. Total mortality also appeared to be reduced. As to the causes of death other than CHD, none was significantly influenced by dietary change. This was also true for malignant neoplasms. To alleviate the burden of CHD on public health, many investigators have recommended important changes in the quantity and quality of dietary fats.     

New inorganic proton conductors

High values of proton conductivity have been observed in a class of hydrated metal oxide pyrochlores, HMO₃·xH₂O (M = Sb, Nb, Ta). Two new polymorphs of HSbO₃·xH₂O have been synthesized and are also found to be good proton conductors. One polymorph has a layer structure and is derived from KSbO₃ with the ilmenite structure. The other new HSbO₃·xH₂O polymorph has the cubic KSbO₃ structure. A correlation of TGA, IR, NMR, and proton conductivity data suggests that the best inorganic proton conductors (10^?2 (Ωcm)^?1 at 80°C) are hydrates; this supports a Grotthus-type conduction mechanism analogous to that observed in aqueous media.