液相色谱-串联质谱法测定烤烟中甲基嘧啶磷的残留量

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)测定烤烟中甲基嘧啶磷的残留分析方法。试样采用乙腈提取,经GCB和C₁₈净化剂净化后,用HPLC-MS/MS对甲基嘧啶磷进行定量分析。实验结果表明,甲基嘧啶磷在添加水平为0.03~3 mg/kg条件下的回收率为86.9%~92.5%,相对标准偏差为4.2%~11.5%。方法的定量限(LOQ)为0.03 mg/kg。本方法操作简单快速,准确度好,灵敏度高,适用于烤烟中甲基嘧啶磷残留量的检测。     

一款运动型轿车轮胎的开发与调校

以国内市场运动型新车型开发需求为例,结合运动型车型定位,确定性能开发优先级,选定标准胎;根据性能的目标要求,从轮胎外轮廓,花纹,施工三方面对该款产品进行针对性设计与开发,开发前期对产品进行了两次有限元分析;后期进行了两次轮胎开发与调校,对样胎进行制动性、操控性,NVH,舒适性的实车评价;第一次调校后的产品性能劣势进行分析,对产品方案进行调整与优化。第二次调校后在达成轮胎与车辆匹配目标性能后,对轮胎设计参数进行固化,开始着手批量生产事宜。     

家用电器纳米抗菌材料

家用电器已经成为越来越多家庭中不可或缺的生活品,同时由于电器使用过程中细菌滋生导致的健康问题越来越受到人们的关注,因此,家用电器的抗菌效果成为了大众评判健康生活的指标之一.而纳米材料由于其成本低廉并拥有较好的抗菌效果,可以作为解决这一问题的途径之一.对家电行业已经初步应用的三种成本低、无需附加苛刻条件、抗菌效果好的纳米材料进行分析并研究,指出开发更加优异的纳米抗菌材料是当前抗菌行业的热点.     

含多端口能量路由器的多能互补系统故障保护功能测试研究

针对某区域用电负荷存在严重的季节性过载现象,以及可再生能源存在功率波动大、稳定性较差的问题,研制了多能(含水电、光伏、储能)、多端口的能量路由器装置及其能量管理系统.综合考虑当地多场景运行,解决了季节性过载问题,实现了能量的合理配置与利用.首先,对比分析选定能量路由器各端口变换器的拓扑结构;然后,对多场景下的工作模式进行介绍;最后,对含能量路由器的多能互补系统进行故障保护功能测试.测试结果表明,该系统具有较好的故障保护功能,有效实现了不同场景下的工作模式切换,直流母线电压稳定以及上层功率指令跟踪等功能,解决了当地用电负荷季节性过载和可再生能源功率波动较大的问题.     

基于改进CL-ML方法的接地网不开挖腐蚀速率预测模型

接地网是保障电网完全运行的重要部件,但接地网材料易被腐蚀,甚至发生断裂.鉴于接地网腐蚀存在样本数目少、非线性强的特点,在引入对比学习(contrastive learning,CL)和度量学习(metric learning,ML)的基础上,将对比学习和度量学习进行了组合优化,使输出结果变为参与拟合锚点的腐蚀速率系数,在此基础上提出了基于改进CL-ML方法的接地网不开挖腐蚀速率预测模型.该方法把已经采样的珍贵样本作为锚点,显著减小了拟合函数的压力与复杂性,并充分挖掘了稀有样本的内在相关性.试验结果表明,采用该模型的预测结果比采用广义回归神经网络和BP神经网络具有更高的精度.     

基于三矢量模型预测电流控制的共模电压抑制策略

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)驱动系统中存在的共模电压高、电流脉动大的问题,提出将无零矢量调制(NSPWM)方法与三矢量模型预测电流控制算法结合进行控制。已有的单矢量模型共模电压抑制策略电压矢量方向固定,可选矢量范围有限,电流脉动仍较大。而三矢量模型预测电流控制共模电压抑制策略基于NSPWM在每个扇区利用3个非零矢量合成目标电压矢量,矢量范围覆盖广。结合无差拍电流控制,在实现共模电压抑制的同时,还能减小电流脉动,提高系统动态响应。通过仿真和试验验证了所提控制策略的有效性。     

新型RISE-LADRC逆变器电压控制策略

当微网逆变器中出现不平衡负载和非线性负载等强扰动时,传统线性自抗扰控制(LADRC)的抗扰能力不足,针对此问题提出一种误差符号鲁棒积分(RISE)与LADRC相结合的新型RISE-LADRC控制策略.通过采用RISE控制律来代替线性状态误差反馈律(LSEF),可减小控制器对线性扩张状态观测器(LESO)的依赖,当LESO的观测带宽一定时,RISE控制能有效地抑制系统中存在的扰动,并利用李雅普诺夫稳定性定理证明了所提控制策略的稳定性.仿真及实验结果表明,在微网逆变器中出现强扰动的情况下,相比传统LADRC控制策略,RISE-LADRC控制策略提高了控制器的跟踪精度,减小了稳态误差且表现出更好的抗扰能力.     

Optimization and evaluation of reduced graphene oxide hydrogel composite as a demulsifier for heavy crude oil-in-water emulsion

The rising production of produced water from oilfields had been proven to bring detrimental environmental effects. In this study, an efficient, recyclable, and environmental-friendly reduced graphene oxide immobilized κ-Carrageenan hydrogel composite(κCa GO) was fabricated as an alternative sorbent for crude oil-in-water demulsification. Polyethyleneimine(PEI) was employed to form a stable hydrogel composite. The conditions for the immobilization of graphene oxide(GO) on PEI-modified κ-Carrageenan(κC) beads were optimized appropriately. An immobilization yield of 77% was attained at 2% PEI, 2 h immobilization activation time, and p H6.5. Moreover, the synthesized κCa GO is capable of demulsification with an average demulsification efficiency of 70%. It was found that the demulsification efficiency increases with salinity and κCa GO dosage, and it deteriorates under alkaline condition. These phenomena can be attributed to the interfacial interactions between κCa GO and the emulsion. Furthermore, the κCa GO can be recycled to use for up to six cycles without significant leaching and degradation. As such, the synthesized κCa GO could be further developed as a potential sorbent substitute for the separation of crude oil from produced water.     

Pore-level numerical simulation of methane-air combustion in a simplified two-layer porous burner

A simplified two-dimensional model of two-layer porous burner based on pore level is developed.The heat transfer of solid phase in porous burner is seen as the synergistic effects of conduction through con-necting bridges and surface radiation between the solid particles in the model.A numerical simulation study on the characteristics of flow,combustion and heat transfer in the two-layer porous burner is car-ried out using the pore level model,and the effects of the control parameters such as the inlet velocity and solid thermal conductivity on thermal non-equilibrium are investigated.The results show that the flame structure is highly two-dimensional based on pore level.Obvious thermal non-equilibrium in the burner for the two phases and solid phase are observed,the largest temperature difference between the gas and solid phases is observed in combustion zone,while the temperature difference inside the solid particles is largest near the flame front.The results also reveal that thermal non-equilibrium of por-ous burner is much affected by the inlet velocity and solid thermal conductivity.     

Nickel-Carnosine complex:A new carrier for enzymes immobilization by affinity adsorption

Immobilization is an effective method to promote the application of enzyme industry for improving the stability and realizing recovery of enzyme.To some extent,the performance of immobilized enzyme depends on the choice of carrier material.Therefore,the development of new carrier materials has been one of the key issues concerned by enzyme immobilization researchers.In this work,a novel organic-inorganic hybrid material,nickel-carnosine complex (NiCar),was synthesized for the first time by solvothermal method.The obtained NiCar exhibits spherical morphology,hierarchical porosity and abun-dant unsaturated coordination nickel ions,which provide excellent anchoring sites for the immobiliza-tion of proteins.His-tagged organophosphate-degrading enzyme (OpdA) and ω-transaminase (ω-TA)were used as model enzymes to evaluate the performance of NiCar as a carrier.By a simple adsorption process,the enzyme molecules can be fixed on the particles of NiCar,and the stability and reusability are significantly improved.The analysis of protein adsorption on NiCar verified that the affinity adsorp-tion between the imidazole functional group on the protein and the unsaturated coordination nickel ions on NiCar was the main force in the immobilization process,which provided an idea way for the develop-ment of new enzyme immobilization carriers.