PAN纤维共聚单体作用机理的光电离质谱研究

本工作以丙烯腈/衣康酸（IA）二元共聚原丝以及丙烯腈/IA/丙烯酸甲酯（MA）三元共聚原丝为研究对象，利用热重分析仪（TG）和热解-同步辐射真空紫外光电离质谱（Py-SVUV-PIMS）对其热稳定化过程进行研究。TG结果表明，氮气气氛下，二元共聚原丝（PAN/IA）和三元共聚原丝（PAN/IA/MA）分别呈现三阶段和两阶段的热分解过程，其中PAN/IA的第一和第二阶段均对应PAN线型分子链的断裂，但前者是由自由基环化反应放热引发的，后者则是由正常温度下的热分解所致，而单体MA的加入显著抑制了自由基环化反应，使得PAN原丝的热稳定化能够以单体IA诱导的离子型环化反应为主较平缓地进行，相应的热失重过程也由两阶段转变为了单阶段。Py-SVUV-MS的实验结果表明，两种共聚PAN原丝在程序升温过程中会生成包括含氮小分子、丙烯腈单体及低聚物、成环化合物在内的三类主要热解产物，对比各类产物的生成趋势和产量，推断单体MA通过降低PAN结构的规整度，使其无定形化，从而增加环化反应的引发点，促进PAN原丝向稳定的预氧丝转变，同时由典型热解产物——甲基丙烯腈的生成路径可知，MA本身并不参与PAN大分子的环化反应，属于中性共聚单体。空气气氛下，CO₂的产量差异也间接证明了MA单体能够有效提升PAN纤维的固碳能力，采用三元共聚方法制得的PAN纤维热稳定性能更佳。     

基于关键水平的水下采油树预防性维修决策方法

为解决电液复合水下采油树在运行过程中工作环境恶劣且复杂、系统要求可靠性高、维修难度大且费用高的问题,建立基于伽马退化过程的水下采油树组件可靠度退化模型和考虑维修花费、停产损失在内的维修成本模型,建立水下采油树系统预防性维修优化目标体系,基于多目标粒子群优化算法对维修策略进行优化。建立的模型可有效描述水下采油树系统的工作特性,最优解能够满足在低维修成本的前提下系统高可靠性的工作要求。     

模铸用高铝质流钢砖的显微结构分析

选取市场上模铸用高铝质流钢砖与用后残砖作为研究对象,通过检测不同高铝质流钢砖的理化性能,对比其使用前后的显微结构变化,进一步探讨模铸过程中高铝质流钢砖的显微结构对钢铁产品质量的影响。结果表明:由于显气孔率较大、结构比较疏松、烧结不致密等特性,高铝质流钢砖在经受钢水冲刷时,钢水容易渗透至高铝质流钢砖内部,加速其损毁;其次,高铝质流钢砖与钢水发生物理化学反应后在其表面生成低熔点物,使钢水中产生夹杂物,影响钢铁产品的质量。     

Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Ethylene by Molecular Cu‐Complex Immobilized on Graphitized Mesoporous Carbon

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to hydrocarbons is a challenging task because of the issues in controlling the efficiency and selectivity of the products. Among the various transition metals, copper has attracted attention as it yields more reduced and C2 products even while using mononuclear copper center as catalysts. In addition, it is found that reversible formation of copper nanoparticle acts as the real catalytically active site for the conversion of CO₂ to reduced products. Here, it is demonstrated that the dinuclear molecular copper complex immobilized over graphitized mesoporous carbon can act as catalysts for the conversion of CO₂ to hydrocarbons (methane and ethylene) up to 60%. Interestingly, high selectivity toward C2 product (40% faradaic efficiency) is achieved by a molecular complex based hybrid material from CO₂ in 0.1 m KCl. In addition, the role of local pH, porous structure, and carbon support in limiting the mass transport to achieve the highly reduced products is demonstrated. Although the spectroscopic analysis of the catalysts exhibits molecular nature of the complex after 2 h bulk electrolysis, morphological study reveals that the newly generated copper cluster is the real active site during the catalytic reactions.     

Approximate cutting pattern optimization of frame-supported and pneumatic membrane structures

International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design - A simple iterative method is presented for cutting pattern optimization of frame-supported and pneumatic membrane structures for...     

机床再生颤振及颤振抑制方法

再生颤振是加工和结构变形之间不稳定相互作用的结果,它极大地制约了生产加工。主要描述车削和铣削加工的建模、分析、检测以及对再生颤振的控制。     

Within-class multimodal classification

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In many real-world classification problems there exist multiple subclasses (or clusters) within a class; in other words, the underlying data distribution is...