Reinforcement and antioxidation effects of antioxidant functionalized silica in styrene–butadiene rubber

In order to improve the dispersion of silica in rubber matrix and to avoid volatility and extractability of the antioxidants, antioxidant functionalized silica is synthesized through reaction of precipitated silica and antioxidant coupling agent which is synthesized by (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane (A-187) and N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (PPDA). This antioxidant functionalized silica with different antioxidant content is then incorporated into styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) to study their reinforcement and antioxidation effects. The tensile strength of these composites is much higher than that of neat silica/SBR, and increases with increasing antioxidant content. It is close to that of bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (TESPT) modified silica/SBR when the antioxidant content exceeds 3.9% (by weight to silica). Furthermore, SBR filled with antioxidant functionalized silica has greatly improved stability in thermal oxidative ageing and damp heat ageing.     

Effect of the temperature on surface modification of silica and properties of modified silica filled rubber composites

The modified silica at different temperature (MSaDT) with bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide (TESPT), and MSaDT filled solution styrene butadiene rubber (SSBR) composites were prepared to investigate the effect of temperature on surface modification of silica. The results showed that TESPT was successfully bonded on the surface of silica by chemical bonds. The grafting degree (K) of MSaDT of 50 °C was 62.2% and higher than that at the other temperatures. The thermal weight loss and the size distribution of MSaDT showed that the silanol of TESPT hydrolysates reacted with the surface hydroxyl groups of silica, decreasing the average size and agglomeration of modified silica. For 50 °C modified silica/SSBR composite, the static mechanical properties and rubber–filler interaction of the composite were better than those of the others. As far as dynamic mechanical properties are concerned, the 50 °C modified silica/SSBR composite owned a best combination of low rolling resistance and high wet skid resistance.     

CNT及Al2O3增强NR制备低生热高导热橡胶复合材料的工程化研究

橡胶材料的粘弹特性使其在周期性载荷下生热很大,而橡胶是热的不良导体,容易造成热积累,对于轮胎来说则容易产生热损伤。为了解决这一难题,风神轮胎股份有限公司与北京化工大学在国家973计划课题的支持下,对低生热高导热橡胶复合材料进行了工程化研究。首先通过进行小型密炼机混炼实验,与前期开炼机及对比胶相比,性能达到了制备轮胎要求,之后采用低温一次法炼胶技术进行了规模化生产,可以实现大规模连续化生产,制备的碳纳米管导热胶与企业对比胶相比导热率提高50%,并成功将导热胶加入到工程子午胎基部胶中,轮胎性能良好。     

高抗撕裂硅橡胶复合材料的制备

研究了羟基硅油和四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷(V 4)对气相法白炭黑增强甲基乙烯基硅橡胶(VMQ)复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,在VMQ用量为100份、气相法白炭黑用量为40份时,加入羟基硅油可明显降低混炼胶的Payne效应,有效改善白炭黑的分散性;当其用量为5份时,复合材料的综合力学性能最优。在添加5份羟基硅油的基础上,加入V 4可显著提高VMQ复合材料的撕裂强度,其用量为4份时,撕裂强度可达42.2 k N/m。     

天然橡胶-氢化丁腈橡胶的共硫化及性能研究

天然橡胶(NR)和氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)因不饱和度和极性的差异,存在硫化速度不匹配、填料分散等问题,难以实现两胶的并用。本文通过先制备不同硫黄/促进剂比例的NR和HNBR母炼胶,再将母炼胶并用制备NR/HNBR复合材料,解决了NR和HNBR共硫化的问题。研究了NR/HNBR的相态结构和填料在NR和HNBR两相的分散状态,结合相态结构和填料分散分析了NR/HNBR并用比对复合材料硫化特性、动静态力学性能、耐磨性和压缩温升的影响。结果表明:并用HNBR的复合材料混炼胶的门尼黏度增大,焦烧时间和正硫化时间缩短;随着HNBR含量增加,HNBR相的尺寸增大,硫化胶的硬度及100%和300%定伸应力增加,拉伸强度、撕裂强度、断裂伸长率和拉断永久变形减小,耐磨性和抗湿滑性提高,压缩疲劳温升增大。     

Surface modification of UHMWPE fibers by ozone treatment and UV grafting for adhesion improvement

In this study, the surface of ultra-high-molecular-weight-polyethylene (UHMWPE) fibers was modified by ozone pretreatment, followed by ultraviolet (UV) grafting, to enhance the interfacial properties of UHMWPE fibers/rubber composites. The fibers were first pretreated by ozone to introduce oxygen-functional groups. The graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto the ozone-treated fibers was implemented by UV irradiation. The effects of time and GMA concentration on the grafting efficiency were investigated. The modified fibers were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The XPS and FTIR results revealed that GMA was successfully grafted onto the fibers with epoxy groups. SEM images confirmed that a continuous layer of poly-(GMA) (PGMA) was grafted onto the fibers. The interfacial adhesion force of UHMWPE fibers with rubber matrix was characterized by H pullout testing, which showed that the maximum force the fibers/rubber composites increased by 79% over that of the untreated fibers.     

Free-volume correlation with mechanical and dielectric properties of natural rubber/multi walled carbon nanotubes composites

The microstructure, mechanical strength, dielectric properties, Doppler broadening measurements and positron life time studies of the composites containing multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and natural rubber (NR) are investigated. The uniform distribution of MWCNTs in the elastomer medium is studied by Raman spectroscopy and the electron microscopy images show the composite’s internal microstructure. Free volume sizes and interstitial mesopore sizes of the nanocomposites are determined by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). PALS investigates the influence of the nanotubes in regulating the interphase nanoscale character. Strong interfacial interaction causes an apparent reduction of the free-volume fraction of NR probably by depressing the formation of free-volume holes in the interfacial region. The mechanical percolation and percolation observed from the dielectric measurements are correlated with the life time values. It is established that the sub-nano level free volumes and nano level structure of the composites have significant roles in regulating the mechanical properties.     

Dynamic Polyphosphazene Networks with Modulating Shape Memory and Self-Healing Capacity by Double Coordination Interactions

A modern class of self-healing polyphosphazene elastomers has been synthesized using coordination bonds for the first time. Two categories of carboxyl-modified polyphosphazene have been synthesized, and 16 cross-linked polymers have been fabricated by tuning the concentration of different metal ions, which also allows modifying the properties of the elastomer by adjusting the interactions. This design enables the polymer network to form a hierarchical and dynamic structure without introducing complex ligands. The polyphosphazene networks can be toughened and enhanced by the dynamic coordination structure. Due to the distinct design, the synthesized elastomers show unprecedented properties in halogen-free polyphosphazenes, including high tensile stress (1.82 MPa), high malleability (≈1100%), shape memory, self-healing, and thermal processing capacity.     

Comparative spectroscopy of (ErF3)(PbF2) alloys and Er3+-doped oxyfluoride glass-ceramics

We have prepared polycrystalline alloys x(ErF₃):(100 − x)(PbF₂), x = 1, 10. A comparison of their low temperature absorption and emission spectra with the respective spectra of transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramics, 32(SiO₂)9(AlO_1.5)31.5(CdF₂)18.5(PbF₂)5.5(ZnF₂):3.5(ErF₃) mol%, indicates that the nano-crystalline phase in this glass-ceramic is Er³⁺-doped PbF₂.