Double emulsion (W/O/W) gel stabilised by polyglycerol polyricinoleate and calcium caseinate as mangiferin carrier: insights on formulation and stability properties

Mangiferin (MGF) is a phenolic compound isolated from mango, but its poor solubility significantly limits its use. In this study, MGF was embedded into the inner aqueous phase of W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Firstly, the dissolution method of MGF was determined. MGF remained stable in solution with pH 13 at 30 min, and its solubility reached 10 mg mL⁻¹. When the pH of MGF solutions was adjusted from pH 13 to pH 6, MGF did not immediately crystallise, providing sufficient time to construct the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions. Subsequently, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were constructed using polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and calcium caseinate (CAS). The formation and stability of the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions were investigated. The MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised with 1% PGPR and 1% – 3% CAS exhibited a low viscosity, limited loading capacity, and poor stability. Conversely, the MGF-loaded W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by 3%PGPR–3%CAS exhibited optimal loading capacity (encapsulation efficiency = 95.31% and loading efficiency = 0.91%) and stability, which was attributed to the fact that high viscosity and gel state retarded the migration of inner aqueous phase. These results indicated that the W₁/O/W₂ emulsions stabilised by PGPR and CAS may be a potential alternative for encapsulating mangiferin.     

Evaluation of microbial toxins,trace elements and sensory properties of a high-theabrownins instant Pu-erh tea produced using Aspergillus tubingensis via submerged fermentation

Theabrownins (TB) are polymeric phenolic compounds associated with the multiple bioactivities of Pu-erh tea, a post-fermented Chinese dark tea. High-TB instant Pu-erh tea was produced via a novel submerged fermentation (SF) using Aspergillus tubingensis and compared with samples produced commercially via the conventional solid-state fermentation (SSF). Viable microorganisms and microbial toxins, especially aflatoxins B₁, G₁, B₂, G₂, cyclopiazonic acid, fumonisins B₁, B₂, B₃ and ochratoxin A, were below the detection limit in all samples. Fewer microbial metabolites were found in SF instant tea compared with the SSF teas. Based on an adult consuming 1 g of instant Pu-erh tea daily, the dietary intake of investigated elements was below the safe limits recommended by various authorities. Tasters viewed the instant tea infusions as very mild, smooth, mellow and full. This suggested that submerged fermentation using A. tubingensis offers a speedy and safe alternative to commercial production of instant Pu-erh tea.     

国内外拉伸型干酪的种类及研究进展

概述了拉伸型干酪的种类、工艺,以及国外拉伸型干酪的研究进展.同时研讨了我国少数民族传统拉伸型干酪-乳扇的生产历史、工艺、研究情况,以及与国外传统拉伸型干酪的比较;并介绍了国内对Mozzarella干酪的研究进展.     

采用大数据分析建设工程市场信息的新方法

随着招投标过程信息化的快速发展,越来越多的招标、评标、中标信息统一集中在相应交易中心平台网站上进行公示,使采用大数据手段分析建设工程信息成为了可能。采用Web Scraper插件爬取网页内容简便、高效、准确。大数据的介入能很大程度遏制非法围标、串标行为,保证公共资源交易过程的公平、公正,有效打击权力寻租。同时大数据分析以定量、可视化的成果展示了建设工程的市场行为趋势,为政府的宏观调控提供更精确的数据性指导性意见。     

亚胺唑在梨上的残留行为及膳食风险评估

[目的]研究亚胺唑在梨上的残留行为,并进行膳食风险评估,建立了梨中亚胺唑的残留检测方法。[方法]样品经乙腈提取,C18净化,利用超高效液相色谱-串联三重四级杆质谱仪(UPLC-MS/MS)检测。[结果]在0.001~1.0 mg/L范围内,亚胺唑的线性关系良好,R2为0.9981(R2>0.99);在0.005、0.01、0.05、0.5 mg/kg添加水平下,亚胺唑在梨中的添加回收率为82%~98%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4%~14%,定量限为0.005 mg/kg;亚胺唑在梨中的半衰期为16.5~16.9 d;在采收间隔期为0、14、21、28 d采收的梨中亚胺唑平均残留量分别为0.16~2.7、0.033~0.78、0.042~0.69、0.012~0.54 mg/kg;亚胺唑的国家估算每日摄入量(NEDI)为0.0055 mg,风险商(RQ)为0.9%。[结论]亚胺唑在梨中的残留量随着采收间隔期的延长逐渐降低,对一般人群健康不会产生不可接受的风险。建议在梨上使用15%亚胺唑可湿性粉剂时,最高施药剂量50 mg/L,最多施药3次,施药间隔为7 d,安全间隔期为28 d。     

Seepage safety monitoring model for an earth rock dam under influence of high-impact typhoons based on particle swarm optimization algorithm

Extreme hydrological events induced by typhoons in reservoir areas have presented severe challenges to the safe operation of hydraulic structures. Based on analysis of the seepage characteristics of an earth rock dam, a novel seepage safety monitoring model was constructed in this study. The nonlinear influence processes of the antecedent reservoir water level and rainfall were assumed to follow normal distributions. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the model parameters so as to raise the fitting accuracy. In addition, a mutation factor was introduced to simulate the sudden increase in the piezometric level induced by short-duration heavy rainfall and the possible historical extreme reservoir water level during a typhoon. In order to verify the efficacy of this model, the earth rock dam of the Siminghu Reservoir was used as an example. The piezometric level at the SW1-2 measuring point during Typhoon Fitow in 2013 was fitted with the present model, and a corresponding theoretical expression was established. Comparison of fitting results of the piezometric level obtained from the present statistical model and traditional statistical model with monitored values during the typhoon shows that the present model has a higher fitting accuracy and can simulate the uprush feature of the seepage pressure during the typhoon perfectly.     

腐植酸与普洱茶茶色素

对云南普洱茶特有品质与化学组成(多酚类、儿茶素、黄酮类、茶黄素、茶红素、茶褐素)的关系进行简要地阐述。茶色素被证实是一类具有多种生理活性的物质。依据腐植酸的形成及化学性质、结构特征,提出了普洱茶中茶色素与腐植酸,尤其是茶褐素和黄腐酸,在化学性质方面(结构和官能团)存在一定的相似性。由此提出了腐植酸(黄腐酸)在生理活性及治疗功能方面与茶色素应具有相似性。为腐植酸(黄腐酸)在医药方面的应用研究提出了新思路。     

抗除草剂油菜施用甲咪唑烟酸和阿特拉津对下茬作物水稻的影响

2005—2006年抗除草剂油菜田施用除草剂甲咪唑烟酸和阿特拉津土壤残留对后茬水稻影响的田间小区试验结果表明,甲咪唑烟酸72、108ga.i./hm^2（推荐用量范围）和高剂量144ga.i./hm^2在油菜田施用后,推荐剂量范围内对后茬水稻的产量未造成显著影响,高剂量144ga.i./hm^2对产量有显著影响,40%阿特拉津悬浮剂900、1200ga.i./hm^2（推荐用量范围）和高剂量1800ga.i./hm^2在油菜田施用后,推荐剂量范围内对后茬水稻的产量影响不显著,高剂量对水稻的产量有明显的影响。这一结果说明甲咪唑烟酸和阿特拉津在推荐剂量范围内在油菜田施用对后茬水稻的安全性。     

从市场营销角度谈马尾绣新产品开发的必要性

为面临濒危的水族马尾绣非物质文化艺术遗产在当今时代承传与发展开辟新途经。通过大量田野调查和对马尾绣现有产品状况的分析,总结出水族古老传统的马尾绣“绝活”只有以市场为导向;以消费者需求为出发点;以现代高科技与马尾绣技艺特点等有机结合．在市场营销理论的指导进行现代旅游等产品的创新和研发。才能真正实现马尾绣非物质文化艺术遗产在当今时代环境下的生存与发展。从而承传优秀灿烂的水族古老文化技艺,丰富现代文化艺术与设计元素。     

李仙江流域径流特性分析

分析了李仙江流域内水文站观测资料,利用参证站法和面积综合指数法分别对该流域年平均流量和径流量进行了计算。结果表明:李仙江流域径流来源于降水,径流量与降水量的年际变化及年内分配是相应的,总的特点是年际变化不大,但年内分配不均。