帆板驱动微振动对卫星的影响与对策

基于帆板驱动机构精确建模，对帆板及其驱动带来的影响进行分析；在分析帆板驱动特性的基础上，给出了微振动测试数据及其分析结果；并以某卫星为例给出了帆板驱动控制时微振动对姿态的影响，提出了频率约束和振动主动抑制控制相结合的解决措施及验证结果。     

Effects of shell thickness of polystyrene‐encapsulated Mg(OH)2 on flammability and rheological properties of high‐impact polystyrene composites

Polystyrene (PS)‐encapsulated magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) particles with various shell thicknesses were successfully prepared using a method of in situ polymerization of styrene in a high‐speed mixer. High‐impact polystyrene (HIPS)/Mg(OH)₂ composites were prepared by melt blending. They were characterized using cone calorimetry, horizontal burning rate, rheology and scanning electron microscopy in order to investigate the effects of the shell thickness of the PS‐encapsulated Mg(OH)₂ on the flame retardancy and rheological properties of the resulting composites. Rheological tests showed that the composites containing encapsulated Mg(OH)₂ had a stronger solid‐like response at low frequency than that of the sample containing untreated Mg(OH)₂. However, with PS/Mg(OH)₂ ratio increasing up to 6.0 wt% and above, the dynamic viscosity, loss modulus and storage modulus of HIPS/Mg(OH)₂ composites decreased. The optimum PS/Mg(OH)₂ ratio, 4.5 wt%, was determined using a new ‘crossover point’ rheological method. The combustion tests showed that compared to the composites containing untreated Mg(OH)₂, the fire retardancy of the composites containing PS‐encapsulated Mg(OH)₂ was improved significantly. Also, there appeared to be a critical PS/Mg(OH)₂ ratio, namely 6.0 wt%, for optimum flame‐retarding properties. However with the continuous increase of PS/Mg(OH)₂ ratio, the fire resistance of the composites declined somewhat, which can be explained by acceleration of combustion of the composites due to the introduction of free PS chains of low molecular weight on the surface of Mg(OH)₂. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

摩擦对电动直线负载模拟器的影响及其抑制研究

为抑制摩擦非线性因素对电动直线负载模拟器（ELLS）的影响,采用仿真与实验结合的方法分析摩擦对ELLS的影响。利用遗传算法对系统中的摩擦模型进行辨识,并得出了系统摩擦力与速度的关系;提出了一种摩擦前馈加变增益PID的混合控制方法,摩擦前馈用于消除摩擦对系统的影响,变增益PID用于进一步抑制系统在低速时的相位滞后;进行了对比仿真与实验。仿真分析与实验结果表明：与传统PID控制相比,采用摩擦前馈加变增益PID控制的ELLS加载波形畸变被抑制、加载误差与相位滞后均明显减少;所提出控制方法能够较好地抑制摩擦对ELLS的影响,提高加载精度。     

砂浆对固结磨具研磨垫研磨SiC工件的影响

为高效、稳定加工SiC工件,采用碳化硅砂浆辅助亲水性固结磨具研磨垫精研的方法,实验比较砂浆辅助固结磨具研磨垫研磨与传统固结磨具研磨垫研磨的差异,并研究砂浆中碳化硅的颗粒尺寸和质量分数对SiC工件精研去除率和表面形貌的影响。通过测算研磨垫的溶胀率和磨损率,探索碳化硅砂浆的作用机制。结果表明:在砂浆中添加颗粒尺寸为3~5 μm、质量分数为3%的SiC时,精研过程的平均材料去除率为1.424 6 μm/min,工件表面粗糙度R_a为84.6 nm;而没有砂浆辅助精研时,材料去除率为0.040 0 μm/min,表面粗糙度R_a为61.4 nm。碳化硅砂浆的加入能有效提高亲水性固结磨具研磨垫的自修整能力,其自修整能力随砂浆中碳化硅的尺寸和质量分数增大而增强,材料的去除率提高,工件表面质量略降。      

模拟海洋大气环境下铝合金表面锌黄环氧底漆/丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆涂层体系失效过程研究

目的研究5A06型铝基材所使用的锌黄环氧底漆/丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆涂层体系的失效过程。方法设计"紫外/冷凝3 d+中性盐雾3 d+低温暴露1 d"为一个周期的实验室循环加速试验,采用交流阻抗谱法,结合光泽度、色差值、红外光谱等数据,研究涂层体系性能。结果循环加速试验进行到16周,该过程中面漆的失光率、色差值上升,达到轻微失光等级和轻微变色等级。面漆的表面形貌及涂层的低频阻抗发生明显变化,第12周时在光学显微镜下明显可见微小鼓泡,涂层0.1 Hz阻抗保持在109W·cm~2以上,但此后鼓泡数量增加,部分鼓泡破损,颜填料流出;第14周时,0.1 Hz阻抗下降到108W·cm~2,此后鼓泡数量进一步增加,部分鼓泡处面漆脱落;第16周时,0.1 Hz阻抗下降到约为107W·cm~2。结论丙烯酸聚氨酯面漆树脂基体特征官能团、聚合物链发生断裂,面漆的完整性遭到破坏,这可能与紫外线照射相关。这将加速涂层中腐蚀性介质(如水、氧和侵蚀性氯离子)渗透,促进涂层的失效。     

Crystallization,melting behavior,and wettability of poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(ε‐caprolactone)/ poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) blends

Both wettability and crystallizability control poly(ε‐caprolactone)'s (PCL) further applications as biomaterial. The wettability is an important property that is governed by both chemical composition and surface structure. In this study, we prepared the PCL/poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) blends via successive in situ polymerization steps aiming for improving the wettability and decreasing crystallizability of PCL. The isothermal crystallization of PCL/PVP at different PVP concentrations was carried out. The equilibrium melting point (T), crystallization rate, and the melting behavior after isothermal crystallization were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Avrami equation was used to fit the isothermal crystallization. The DSC results showed that PVP had restraining effect on the crystallizability of PCL, and the crystallization rate of PCL decreased clearly with the increase of PVP content in the blends. The X‐ray diffraction analysis (WAXD) results agreed with that. Water absorptivity and contact angle tests showed that the hydrophilic properties were improved with the increasing content of PVP in blends. The coefficient for the water diffusion into PCL/PVP blends showed to be non‐Fickian in character. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Synthesis and thermal characterization of random poly(butylene terephthalate‐co‐2‐methyl‐ethylene terephthalate) copolyesters

Poly(butylene terephthalate‐co‐2‐methyl‐ethylene terephthalate) (PBT/MET) was synthesized by incorporating 1,2‐propandiol(1,2‐PDO) into PBT chains. The molar composition and chemical structure of PBT/MET copolyesters were confirmed by means of FT‐IR and ¹H‐NMR. To investigate the effect of 1,2‐PDO on the thermal properties of PBT/MET copolyesters, the copolymerizations were carried out by varying various contents of MET units, and the prepared materials were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Results suggested that with the increase of the content of 1,2‐PDO, the amount of crystallinity and the melting temperature decline, while the glass transition temperature increases and the copolyesters become more transparent and brittle with respect to PBT homopolymer. In addition, the T_g‐composition and T_m‐composition data are well subjected to the Wood equation and Flory's equation, respectively. All these copolyesters are found to consist of the general trend displayed by copolymers reported elsewhere. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

一种新型的超宽带微带转共面带状线巴伦

设计了一种新型的微带转共面带状线（coplanarStripLine以下简称CPS）的巴伦结构。它可以应用于多种常用的介质板上,具有结构紧凑、超宽带、低损耗的特点。制作了一个两端为500微带线的背靠背电路,测试得插入损耗（S21）〉-1dB、回波损耗（S11）〈-15dB的带宽为2．7GHz～7．3GHz,S21〉-4dB、S11〈-10dB的带宽为1．4GHz～15．6GHz。     

多晶Si太阳电池新型制绒工艺研究

提出一种采用二次酸腐蚀的多晶Si制绒新方法,首先在HF/HNO3的富HNO3体系中对Si片进行一次腐蚀,之后在富HF体系中进行二次腐蚀,以优化表面织构,减少光在Si表面的反射损失。制绒后,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对Si片进行了表面形貌分析,用Carry 5000紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计测量反射谱线,得到未镀减反射膜(ARC)的二次腐蚀制绒的最低反射率为20.34%,比一次腐蚀制绒(22.70%)低2.36%。将二次腐蚀新工艺应用于太阳电池工业制备中,对电池输出参量进行检测分析。结果表明,经过二次腐蚀工艺处理的太阳电池开路电压(VOC)、短路电流(JSC)和效率η均比采用一次腐蚀工艺的太阳电池有不同程度的提高,制成的太阳电池最高效率为14.93%。     

3D printing Si3N4-bonded SiC refractories fabricated using colloidal films-containing slurries based on non-spherical SiC and Si powders

Stable slurries for Si₃N₄-bonded SiC refractories for direct ink writing (DIW) were successfully prepared from a mixture of non-spherical silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon (Si) powders with an average particle size of D₅₀ = 41.98 μm. The rheological properties and printability of slurries prepared using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA; 4–16 wt %) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC, 0.5–2 wt.%) were investigated with the effect of sintering temperature on the mechanical performance, phase, and microstructure of Si₃N₄-bonded SiC refractory products. The results indicated that slurries prepared with the HPMC solution showed better printability than those prepared with the PVA solution because colloidal films formed by HPMC in slurries play a role in encasing particles, preventing solid−liquid separation and contributing to plasticity and lubrication, which guarantees the smooth extrusion and homogeneity of slurries. The successful printing of SiC–Si slurries is not only related to proper viscosity, yield value, and shear thinning characteristics but it is also crucial for maintaining the homogeneity of slurries under extrusion pressure. Optimal SiC–Si slurries containing 52 vol % SiC–Si and 1.5 wt% HPMC exhibited proper viscosity, shear thinning, and homogeneity characteristics during printing. The obtained specimens achieved the best printing performance with height and section retention rates of 98.7% and 97.6%, respectively. When sintered at 1450 °C, Si₃N₄ fibres grow further and reach a diameter of 342.5 nm, the nitriding rate is 92.43%, the fibres tend to form a full network structure, and the mechanical properties of Si₃N₄-bonded SiC products are the best.