Mechanical properties of graphene films enhanced by homo-telechelic functionalized polymer fillers via π–π stacking interactions

Most researches on graphene/polymer composites are focusing on improving the mechanical and electrical properties of polymers at low graphene content instead of paying attention to constructing graphene’s macroscopic structures. In current study the homo-telechelic functionalized polyethylene glycols (FPEGs) were tailored with π-orbital-rich groups (namely phenyl, pyrene and di-pyrene) via esterification reactions, which enhanced the interaction between polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules and chemical reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets. The π–π stacking interactions between graphene sheets and π-orbital-rich groups endowed the composite films with enhanced tensile strength and tunable electrical conductivity. The formation of graphene network structure mediated by the FPEGs fillers via π–π stacking non-covalent interactions should account for the experimental results. The experimental investigations were also complemented with theoretical calculation using a density functional theory. Atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to monitor the step-wise preparation of graphene composite films.     

Theoretical investigations on the spin Hamiltonian parameters for Er3+ ion in LiYF4

The spin Hamiltonian parameters g_∥, g_⊥, A_∥ and A_⊥ for Er³⁺ ion in LiYF₄ are investigated by using the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 4f¹¹ ion in tetragonal symmetry. In these formulas, the contributions to the spin Hamiltonian parameters from the second-order perturbation terms and the admixtures of different states are considered. The relevant crystal field parameters are calculated from the superposition model and the local structural parameters of the Y³⁺ site occupied by impurity Er³⁺. The theoretical optical spectra within ⁴I_15/2 and ⁴I_13/2 states and the spin Hamiltonian parameters obtained in this work are consistent with the observed values.     

基于FR的远程考试身份认证系统研究

在远程教育考试系统中,如何实时有效地验证考生身份非常重要。本文提出一种基于FR(Face Recognition)的远程考试身份验证系统,首先利用肤色信息检测人脸图像,经过预处理后提取特征点,然后通过与报名库中人脸图像进行几何特征比对,从而完成考生的身份验证。实验表明该系统具有较好的识别率,能有效地识别出考生信息。     

嵌套删失数据期望最大化的高斯混合聚类算法

针对聚类问题中的非随机性缺失数据, 本文基于高斯混合聚类模型, 分析了删失型数据期望最大化算法的有效性, 并揭示了删失数据似然函数对模型算法的作用机制. 从赤池弘次信息准则、信息散度等指标, 比较了所提出方法与标准的期望最大化算法的优劣性. 通过删失数据划分及指示变量, 推导了聚类模型参数后验概率及似然函数, 调整了参数截尾正态函数的一阶和二阶估计量. 并根据估计算法的有效性理论, 通过关于得分向量期望的方程得出算法估计的最优参数. 对于同一删失数据集, 所提出的聚类算法对数据聚类中心估计更精准. 实验结果证实了所提出算法在高斯混合聚类的性能上优于标准的随机性缺失数据期望最大化算法.     

A one-shot bargaining strategy for dealing with multifarious opponents

Bargaining is an effective paradigm to solve the problem of resource allocation. The consideration of factors such as bounded rationality of negotiators, time constraints, incomplete information, and complexity of dynamic environment make the design of optimal strategy for one-shot bargaining much tougher than the situation that all bargainers are assumed to be absolutely rational. Lots of prediction-based strategies have been explored either based on assuming a finite number of models for opponents, or focusing on the prediction of opponent’s reserve price, deadline, or the probabilities of different behaviors. Following the methods of estimating opponent’s private information, this paper gives a strategy which improves the BLGAN strategy to adapt to various possible bargaining situations and deal with multifarious opponents. In addition, this paper compares the improved BLGAN strategy with related work. Experimental results show that the improved BLGAN strategy can outperform related ones when faced with various opponents, especially the agents who frequently change their strategies for anti-learning.     

改进的PLML在基于模型的用户界面开发中的应用研究

PLML是描述人机交互模式的一个重要工具,然而它还存在一些缺点。其中一个重要的缺点是它的元素并未明确定义,从而造成了它所描述的设计模式在基于模型的用户界面开发方法中难以自动化或半自动化地应用。针对这一问题,设计了PLML的元素的XML Schema,明确给出了该元素的形式化的描述方法。通过一个实例研究,验证了其在基于模型的用户界面开发中可以起到积极的作用。这一方法也可推广到其它的基于XML的模式描述语言中     

膨胀石墨的制备工艺与应用

对膨胀石墨的制备工艺、结构、性能及其应用研究进行了综述,并对其发展趋势作了展望。主要介绍了以化学氧化法、电化学法、微波法、爆炸法和气相挥发法制备低温、无硫可膨胀石墨及复合膨胀石墨材料的工艺;总结分析了膨胀石墨材料在密封、阻燃、润滑、环境、催化、军事、医学等领域的研究现状和应用前景。     

Hierarchical control for cornering stability of dual-motor RWD vehicles with electronic differential system using PSO optimized SOSMC method

This paper proposes a novel control scheme with a three-layer hierarchical structure to improve the cornering stability of the dual-motor rear-wheel drive (RWD) vehicles with the electronic differential system (EDS). The proposed hierarchical structure for the control system includes the observing layer, control layer, and actuation layer. In the observing layer, the driver model is designed to obtain the nominal steering angle, and the state observer is designed to obtain the yaw angle which cannot be easily measured. Then, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and second order sliding mode control (SOSMC) are employed in the control layer. The SOSMC part is used to design the control law to eliminate the chattering problem in the sliding mode algorithm, and the PSO part is used to obtain the optimal weights in the sliding mode surface to meet the minimum sideslip angle error and yaw rate error. The actuation layer allocates the corrected yaw moment by distributing the driving force to each independent driving wheel. Finally, the numerical tests are carried out under the double line change (DLC) maneuver. The results show that the proposed control system can effectively improve the cornering stability of the dual-motor RWD vehicles and reduce their motor power consumption.     

新收获小麦中玉米象发生及虫蚀粒率变化研究

了解田间收获小麦中储粮害虫的发生和危害情况,是进行科学防治和避免或减少损失的基础。在防止后期害虫感染的前提下,从田间收获的水分含量为9.9%的泛麦8号(河南省漯河市田间采集)、水分含量为11.6%的郑麦7698(河南省濮阳市田间采集)和水分含量为13.2%的济麦22(山东省德州市田间采集)3个品种,在保持原始水分和适宜温度(25℃)的条件下,研究了不同时间的害虫发生与虫蚀粒率变化情况。主要结果为:泛麦8号在储存前期的120 d里样品中未检出玉米象成虫,150 d后样品中成虫密度达1.3头/kg,270 d后样品中成虫密度达1.7头/kg,经过240 d的储存后样品的虫蚀粒率一直为0%。郑麦7698储存45 d后样品中玉米象成虫密度为2.0头/kg,此时小麦的虫蚀粒率为0%;270 d后样品中的成虫密度达2.7头/kg,粮食的虫蚀粒率增至3.0%。济麦22储存45 d后样品的害虫密度为5.3头/kg,虫蚀粒率为0%;75 d后样品的害虫密度为57头/kg,虫蚀粒率为0.4%;270 d后样品的害虫密度达320头/kg,虫蚀粒率为7.4%。结果表明:收获后水分含量从9.9%至13.2%的3个小麦品种在田间均可感染玉米象;隐藏于籽粒内的玉米象虫卵在后期储存中羽化为成虫的时间与数量受小麦水分含量影响显著,水分含量低的小麦样品中玉米象发育至成虫的时间明显滞后且数量少;收获后储存中小麦样品虫蚀粒率的增加与其水分含量、害虫发育时间以及害虫数量密切相关。     

Sequential ion-electron irradiation of zirconium carbide ceramics: Microstructural analysis

Zirconium Carbide (ZrC_x) was irradiated with 10 MeV Au³⁺ ions to a dose of 10 displacements per atoms (dpa) and subsequently with 100 and 300 keV electrons in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). After ion irradiation, dislocation loops were observed in the microstructure and an increase in the number of carbon vacancies was revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis showed that neither amorphization nor oxidation occurred during ion irradiation of the specimen. Subsequent electron irradiation of the pre-implanted ZrC_x foil led to formation of nanosized tetragonal ZrO₂ precipitates (5−10 nm diameter) on the surface of the TEM lamella. The formation of the new oxide phase was not related to the electron beam-induced heating of the specimen, but to electron stimulated oxidation caused by the residual oxygen inside the transmission electron microscope. Changes in size and density of ZrO₂ crystallites were observed between the pristine and ion irradiated ZrC_x regions following electron irradiation, suggesting that the initial microstructure of the ZrC_x substrate played a key role in the nucleation and growth of the oxide islands. The obtained results provide insights into the microstructural response of ZrC_x to different types of radiation and the inadvertent effects of the electron beam during TEM analysis of in-situ and ex-situ ion irradiated ZrC_x. Additionally, the findings of this work suggest a method to prepare local ZrO₂ nanoprecipitates within ZrC_x grains by selective electron beam irradiation.