考虑流固耦合效应的弧形钢闸门地震动力响应研究

在地震高发的中国西南地区,地震激励对弧形钢闸门的安全持续稳定运行影响较大,有必要对弧形闸门在地震作用下的动力响应及安全性进行研究。以某工程表孔弧形钢闸门为例,通过建立考虑水体和结构耦合作用的三维数值模型,研究了弧形钢闸门地震动力响应,然后利用重力坝-库水流固耦合模型验证了计算方法的准确性和有效性,最后对弧形钢闸门进行动力时程响应分析,计算了弧门地震动水压力,并与规范方法进行对比。结果表明:本文提出的考虑流固耦合效应的动力响应分析方法适用于闸门地震动力响应计算;流固耦合效应对弧形钢闸门地震动力响应影响较大,考虑流固耦合效应的闸门动力响应计算结果比规范明显增大,两者最大比值达到2倍以上。闸门结构动位移响应峰值在闸门面板顶部中心,动应力响应峰值发生在下主横梁跨中;流固耦合的动力计算表明该闸门结构刚度满足规范要求,强度不能满足,上、下主横梁处为结构动力响应薄弱环节;对高水头采用规范法计算的地震动水压力偏大,对低水头动水压力计算结果偏小。考虑流固耦合的闸门结构动力响应分析研究能反映其真实力学特征,对于地震高发区弧形钢闸门的结构设计和安全评价具有参考意义。     

A critical review of the most popular types of neuro control

In this review article, the most popular types of neural network control systems are briefly introduced and their main features are reviewed. Neuro control systems are defined as control systems in which at least one artificial neural network (ANN) is directly involved in generating the control command. Initially, neural networks were mostly used to model system dynamics inversely to produce a control command which pushes the system towards a desired or reference value of the output (1989). At the next stage, neural networks were trained to track a reference model, and ANN model reference control appeared (1990). In that method, ANNs were used to extend the application of adaptive reference model control, which was a well‐known control technique. This attitude towards the extension of the application of well‐known control methods using ANNs was followed by the development of ANN model‐predictive (1991), ANN sliding mode (1994) and ANN feedback linearization (1995) techniques. As the first category of neuro controllers, inverse dynamics ANN controllers were frequently used to form a control system together with other controllers, but this attitude faded as other types of ANN control systems were developed. However, recently, this approach has been revived. In the last decade, control system designers started to use ANNs to compensate/cancel undesired or uncertain parts of systems' dynamics to facilitate the use of well‐known conventional control systems. The resultant control system usually includes two or three controllers. In this paper, applications of different ANN control systems are also addressed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

Equations of state for hard-sphere fluids

Equations of state and contact values of hard-sphere radial distribution functions (rdf's) which are given by a linear combination of the Percus— Yevick and scaled-particle virial expressions are considered. In the one-component case the mixing coefficient() is, in general, a function of the volume fraction. In mixtures the coefficient( _i ,d _i ), in general, depends upon the volume fraction _i , and diameterd _i , of each species,i andj. For the contact valuesY _ij of the rdf's, the mixing coefficients _ij ( _k ) also depend on speciesi andj. Density expansions for the exact for the one-component hard-sphere fluid are obtained and compared with several approximations made in earlier works and in our own work, as well as with simulations. For a mixture, it turns out that one cannot obtain the exact fourth virial coefficient by using a linear combination of the Percus-Yevick and scaled-particle virial expressions forY _ij unless one allows _ij to depend on mole fractionsx _i even at the zeroth order of its density expansion. We also find that _ij must depend on particle speciesi andj in order to satisfy the exact limits obtained earlier by Sung and Stell. A new equation of state for the binary hard-sphere mixture which satisfies all the exact limits we have considered is suggested.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

基于网格与R-树空间索引的矢量线图任意简单多边形窗口裁剪算法

针对大规模矢量线与大量裁剪窗口同时出现的线裁剪算法存在的三个主要问题,减少线段求交次数、简化交点出入属性计算以及无交点矢量线的取舍,本文提出了一种基于双空间索引的大规模线图任意多边形裁剪算法。算法根据裁剪多边形的边分别建立R-树索引和均匀Cell索引,应用两种索引各自的优点大幅减少被裁剪线段与裁剪多边形上线段的求交次数。在此基础上,基于均匀网格索引,提出局部射线法,简化交点出入属性计算和无交点矢量线的取舍。本文在传统算法基础上提出三点改进:首先提出基于两种空间索引模型进行线段求交计算,保证算法在理论上具有较低的时间复杂度;其次,在射线法和网格索引基础上提出局部射线法,使得判断每个交点出入属性的时间复杂度为O(1)～ O(n~(1/2)),与参考文献中的算法相比,此方法的优点是避免判断多边形上顶点的方向;最后,算法中裁剪多边形可以是包含任意多个洞的任意简单多边形,克服传统算法中对裁剪多边形的特定约束条件。     

275/70R22.5 BY568智能公交专用全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计

介绍275/70R22.5 BY568智能公交专用全钢载重子午线轮胎的设计。结构设计:外直径971 mm,断面宽279 mm,行驶面宽度242 mm,行驶面弧度高8.3 mm,胎圈着合直径569.2 mm,胎圈着合宽度222 mm,断面水平轴位置(H1/H2)1.011,胎面采用纵向折沟花纹变节距设计,花纹深度21 mm,花纹周节数60,花纹饱和度79.6%。施工设计:胎面采用全分层结构,胎体采用3×0.24+9×0.225CCHT钢丝帘线,1#带束层采用4+6×0.30HT钢丝帘线,2#和3#带束层采用3+8×0.33ST钢丝帘线,4#带束层采用5×0.35HI钢丝帘线,采用一次法三鼓成型机成型,双模硫化机、氮气工艺硫化。成品轮胎性能试验结果表明,成品轮胎充气外缘尺寸、强度性能和耐久性能均满足国家标准要求。     

2＋2×0.32ST超高强度钢丝帘线在半钢子午线轮胎带束层中的应用

研究2+2×0.32ST钢丝帘线替代2+2×0.35HT钢丝帘线在半钢子午线轮胎带束层中的应用。结果表明:与2+2×0.35HT钢丝帘线相比,2+2×0.32ST钢丝帘线的强度更高、直径更小、耐疲劳性能更好;在轮胎带束层中用2+2×0.32ST钢丝帘线替代2+2×0.35HT钢丝帘线后,工艺性能良好,成品轮胎的充气外缘尺寸变化不大,强度性能、高速性能、耐久性能和耐水压性能均能满足设计和国家标准要求,滚动阻力降低,同时有效减小了轮胎中的钢丝帘线和胶料用量,降低了生产成本。     

基于PCC-RBF网络的风电功率短期预测方法

风电功率预测对风电场安全平稳运行、电网调度具有重要意义。针对风电功率短期预测指标选择不合理、预测精确度偏低的问题,提出一种基于皮尔逊相关系数(PCC)和径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的风电功率短期预测方法。该方法利用PCC筛选出与风电功率密切相关的3个指标,即电流、温度、风速,然后以这3个指标作为预测模型的输入对风电功率进行RBF样本训练与短期预测。试验结果表明,所提的预测模型预测误差更小,预测精度更高,能够满足风电功率短期预测的要求,具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于刚柔耦合环模型的轮胎均匀性建模与分析

轮胎在生产制造过程中会不可避免地产生结构、材料、质量分布等不均匀问题。汽车即使在平稳路面上行驶,轮胎的不均匀性也会引起轴力的波动,并且轴力的高阶谐波还可能引发车辆内部的噪声问题。本研究基于刚柔耦合环模型,提出了一个用于分析轮胎几何不均匀导致的动态响应的理论模型。该模型考虑了径向尺寸偏差的影响,得到了不同垂向负荷下轮胎与路面接触压力分布和接地印痕长度,进而分析了轴头纵向力和径向力的波动,并利用试验数据进行了验证。结果表明,建立的模型可以很好地描述轮胎几何不均匀性对其受力的影响,并预测低速时径向尺寸偏差对径向力波动的影响。     

我国轮胎工业40年发展的真实写照与缩影 ——纪念《轮胎工业》创刊40周年

结合《轮胎工业》创刊40年来的报道内容,综述我国轮胎工业40年来的发展历程。我国轮胎生产从最初的使用棉帘线、天然橡胶生产斜交轮胎,通过不断的技术攻关,逐步发展到生产子午线轮胎、无内胎轮胎、扁平化轮胎,进而到航空轮胎、绿色轮胎、安全轮胎、智能轮胎,每一步发展都包含着大量科技创新和自主知识产权。发展民用航空子午线轮胎、新能源汽车轮胎、免充气轮胎等生产技术是“十四五”的发展重点。     

基于PCA-RBF网络模型的硫化矿自燃安全性研究

为了更加准确地预测硫化矿自燃安全性,综合考虑硫化矿自燃倾向性及火灾后果严重性,将硫化矿自燃安全性划分为9个等级,并选取矿山含硫量、矿山含碳量、矿石温度、矿石堆放时间、采场人员数量、氧气浓度和采场矿层厚度作为评价因素集。利用主成分分析法（Principal Component Analysis,PCA）对94个采场样本数据进行降维处理,得到包含70%以上原始信息的3个主成分。将降维后的84组数据作为基于径向基函数神经网络（Radial Basis Function Neural Network,RBF）预测模型的训练样本,10组数据作为检验样本进行硫化矿自燃安全性预测。最后分别利用十折交叉验证法和留一法对94组检验样本的自燃安全性预测结果进行检验,得到硫化矿自燃安全性预测准确率分别为92.55%和91.49%。研究结果表明：PCA-RBF网络模型对硫化矿自燃安全性的预测性能良好,且优于未经主成分分析的结果。