Performance and degradation of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells with impregnated electrodes

Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) containing porous 430L stainless steel supports, YSZ electrolytes and porous YSZ cathode backbones are fabricated by tape casting, laminating and co-firing in a reducing atmosphere. Nano-scale Ni and La_0.6Sr_0.4Fe_0.9Sc_0.1O_3−δ (LSFSc) coatings are impregnated onto the internal surfaces of porous 430L and YSZ, acting as the anode and the cathode catalysts, respectively. The resulting MS-SOFCs exhibit maximum power densities of 193, 418, 636 and 907 mW cm⁻² at 650, 700, 750 and 800 °C, respectively. Nevertheless, a continuous degradation in the fuel cell performance is observed at 650 °C and 0.7 V during a 200-h durability measurement. Possible degradation mechanisms were discussed in detail.     

The numerical simulation of interface crack propagation without re-meshing

Based on the framework of the extended finite element method (XFEM), the enriched exponent discontinuous function is modified properly by introducing the rigidity ratio of two sides materials of interface crack, and the portion integral scheme is adopted for interface elements containing two materials. To embody the singularity of the crack tip, the triangle function is introduced directly. What’s more, the maximum loop stress fracture criterion is adopted to determine the extension direction in extended ma...     

多排弹性空心管桩屏障对平面SV波的隔离

假定土体和管桩为各向同性的均质弹性体，将多排空心管桩构成的非连续屏障对入射平面SV波的隔离问题简化成二维平面问题，运用复变函数的保角映射方法和波场位移势函数展开法，根据管桩与周围土体介质完全联结(即应力和位移连续)以及管桩内侧自由的边界条件，得到了所研究问题的理论解。通过与有限元软件ABAQUS的模拟结果进行对比，验证了上述理论解及其计算程序的正确性，并进一步分析了管桩的壁厚、排数、数量以及入射SV波的频率等因素对隔离效果的影响，结论表明：隔离效果随着管桩壁厚的减小而提高；管桩由一排增加到两排时，最佳隔离区域向远处扩展，而由两排增加到三排时，最佳隔离区域则向两侧扩展；管桩排数不变，而数量增多时，屏障宽度范围内的隔离效果明显提高；入射频率增大时，隔离效果有所减小。这为多排桩屏障的隔振设计提供了理论依据和参考。     

Multigrid method with a new interpolation operator

We introduce new techniques to design interpolation in multigrid methods for elliptic problems with discontinuous coefficients. The new techniques employ the Nelder–Mead simplex algorithm and skills in space geometry. The Nelder–Mead algorithm was used to minimize a scalar-valued function, which is a sum of distances from a point to four planes. We derived interpolation scheme in space geometry. We observed that new interpolation is better than traditional bilinear interpolation and cubic interpolation, as prolongation operator in multigrid methods.     

Parabolic Heat Conduction Specialized Applications Involving Imperfect Contact Surfaces: Local Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method—Part 2

Parabolic heat conduction specialized applications involving imperfect thermal contact surfaces are analyzed via the Local Discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) finite element method. In this paper, we describe the advantages of the LDG finite element formulation over the traditional continuous Galerkin (CG) finite element method for modeling imperfect thermal contact between surfaces. To-date, mostly interface/gap elements have been primarily used to model the imperfect contact between two surfaces to solve thermal contact resistance problems. The LDG method eliminates the use of such interface/gap elements and provides a higher degree of accuracy. Several illustrative 2-D applications highlight the effectiveness of the present LDG finite element formulations for this class of problems.     

燃气自由射流的高精度间断有限元数值模拟

将三阶间断有限元方法推广到轴对称Euler方程组的数值求解中,并将其用于数值模拟复杂燃气的自由射流.计算结果表明,采用该方法能够较好地捕捉到包含激波、滑移线以及三渡交点等复杂流场波系结构,马赫盘位置与实验测量结果吻合较好,在间断位置不出现非物理振荡或抹平间断现象,这表明该方法是有效的,具有较高的计算精度,为燃气射流的数值研究提供了一种新的手段.     

水库下游河床粗化计算模型

根据泥沙起动及河床粗化理论公式，建立了水库下游河床粗化数学模型，以研究水库下游河道极限冲刷深度及粗化层级配，该模型计算简捷方便，通过实例计算结果分析，与一维数模计算成果比较及实际资料验证等级结果表明，该模型计算结果合理，可靠，对研究水库下游局部河段冲刷，具有重要意义。     

跳回失稳研究

本文以单元形函数作为单位分解函数，位移间断用富集节点的附加自由度表示，建立了允许单元内部位移非连续的统一位移场函数。结合粘结裂纹模型，研究了结构从延性到脆性失稳的特性以及引起脆性破坏的影响因素。数值计算表明：增加脆性指数可以提高结构的承载稳定性；初始预制缝可以增加结构延性但会降低极限承载力。     

Embedded representation of fracture in concrete with mixed finite elements

As an alternative to the smeared and discrete crack representations, an embedded representation of fracture for finite element analysis of concrete structures is presented. The three-field Hu–Washizu variational statement is extended to bodies with internal discontinuities. The extended variational statement is then utilized for formulating elements with a discontinuous displacement field. The new elements are capable of modelling different deformation modes of an internal discontinuity at the element level. The satisfactory performance of the embedded crack representation is verified by several case studies on concrete fracture.     

防止河道断流的最小生态环境需水量

桑干河流域属于干旱半干旱区，降水量少，水土流失严重，生态环境十分脆弱。由于水资源短缺，水资源开发利用与生态环境矛盾十分突出，造成城市用水和工业用水挤占农业用水，农业用水又挤占生态用水的格局，引起自然植被退化、河流断流、河床淤积、地下水大面积超采等一系列生态环境问题。本文以桑干河流域为研究对象，以生态环境需水量理论为基础，提出了河道在保证不断流临界状态下河流最小环境需水量的计算方法，即为防止河道断流的最小生态需水量。