Quantification of the Bactericidal,Fungicidal, and Sporicidal Efficacy of the JLA Ltd. Ozone Laundering System

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal efficacy of the in-use concentration of ozone in solution generated continuously by the JLA Limited OTEX validated ozone laundering system against a range of typical microorganisms associated with laundering applications. The study used the JLA HC 100 laundering machine as the containment vessel. Test microbial suspensions were introduced directly into the drum of the laundering machine containing a known level of water in the presence of soluble ozone. Using standard microbiological techniques, the numbers of surviving bacteria, mold spores or bacterial spores were determined, and reductions in viable counts were calculated. The following test organisms were employed: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, E. coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Aspergillus niger (spores), and Clostridium difficile (spores). All tests used multiple contact times of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 15 minutes at 20 °C±2 °C. Levels of ≤0.25 mg/L of dissolved ozone had minimal effect on the bacteria. Levels of >0.45 mg/L ozone showed good biocidal activity, except against Acinetobacter baumannii, which showed strong resistance to ozone. Against fungal spores, dissolved ozone levels of >1.2 mg/L were required to obtain a 2.8 log reduction. For Clostridium difficile spores, a dissolved ozone level between 0.90 and 1.20 mg/L gave >1.6 log reduction with no discernable spore recovery. In every instance, the control tests (no ozone) recovered levels of microorganisms that proved that the action of the laundering machine has no antimicrobial activity, and that the log reductions obtained are solely due to the effects of dissolved ozone.     

A Bioglass-Based Antibiotic (Vancomycin) Releasing Bone Void Filling Putty to Treat Osteomyelitis and Aid Bone Healing

While the infection rate after primary total joint replacements (TJR) sits at 1–2%, for trauma-related surgery, it can be as high as 3.6 to 21.2% based on the type of trauma; the risk of reinfection after revision surgery is even higher. Current treatments with antibiotic-releasing PMMA-based bone cement/ beads and/or systemic antibiotic after surgical debridement do not provide effective treatment due to fluctuating antibiotic levels at the site of infection, leading to insufficient local antibiotic concentration. In addition, non-biodegradable PMMA does not support bone regrowth in the debrided void spaces and often must be removed in an additional surgery. Here, we report a bioactive glass or bioglass (BG) substrate-based biodegradable, easy to fabricate “press fitting” antibiotic-releasing bone void filling (ABVF-BG) putty to provide effective local antibiotic release at the site of infection along with support for bone regeneration. The ABVF-BG putty formulation had homogenously distributed BG particles, a porous structure, and showed putty-like ease of handling. Furthermore, the ABVF-BG putty demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity for up to 6 weeks. Finally, the ABVF-BG putty was biodegradable in vivo and showed 100% bacterial eradication (as shown by bacterial cell counts) in the treatment group, which received ABVF-BG putty, compared to the infection control group, where all the rats had a high bacterial load (4.63 × 10⁶ ± 7.9 × 10⁵ CFU/gram bone) and sustained osteomyelitis. The ABVF-BG putty also supported bone growth in the void space as indicated by a combination of histology, µCT, and X-ray imaging. The potential for simultaneous infection treatment and bone healing using the developed BG-based ABVF-BG putty is promising as an alternative treatment option for osteomyelitis.     

不同制备条件对SpA分子印迹聚合微球聚合效果的影响

本文用金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白A(SpA)作为模板,以丙烯酰胺为功能单体,利用反相悬浮聚合法合成了SpA分子印迹聚合微球.通过扫描电镜观测不同条件下聚合微球的聚合效果,研究不同制备条件对SpA分子印迹聚合微球聚合效果的影响,从而筛选制备聚合微球最佳工艺;并检测了制备的分子印迹聚合物对SpA的吸附性能.结果表明,反相悬浮聚合法合成SpA分子印迹微球的最佳工艺条件为:分散剂乙基纤维素(EC)加入量0.20 g/100 mL(甲苯);甲苯与水的比例10:3;交联度10%;引发剂加入方式为缓慢滴加;反应温度50℃.反相悬浮聚合法制备的SpA分子印迹聚合微球对SpA的吸附量:6.956×10-3μmol/g.     

清真发酵牛肉香肠生产工艺的研究

以干酪乳杆菌和肉糖葡萄球菌为发酵剂生产牛肉发酵香肠,并对该工艺进行了研究.结果表明,最佳工艺为:接种量为1.5·107,葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯(GDL)的添加量为0.6%,葡萄糖(GLC)的添加量为0.25%.     

Antibacterial compounds from Rose Bengal-sensitized photooxidation of beta-caryophyllene

The bactericidal activity of beta-caryophyllene photooxidized in acetonitrile was examined for 5 Gram-positive and 4 Gram-negative foodborne bacteria. The beta-caryophyllene (5 x 10(-3) M) was photooxidized in acetonitrile containing Rose Bengal (6.25 x 10(-4) M) for 24 h under fluorescent light. The antimicrobial activities of samples were determined by the agar-disc diffusion method. Active compounds from the photooxidized beta-caryophyllene were isolated by silica gel open-column chromatography in conjunction with recyclic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and were identified by infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the photooxidized beta-caryophyllene was strongly enhanced against Streptococcus aureus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, relative to that of beta-caryophyllene, but was weakly enhanced against other tested bacteria. The photooxidized beta-caryophyllene contained 3 active compounds specific for these 2 bacteria, and the compounds were identified as 5-alpha-hydroxycaryophylla-4(12),8(13)-diene, 5-alpha-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene, and 5-beta-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene. The efficacies of these compounds were similar, but the efficacy of 5-beta-hydroxycaryophylla-3(4),8(13)-diene was slightly higher than that of the other 2 compounds. The results suggest that the antibacterial activities of beta-caryophyllene for S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus could be enhanced by dye-sensitized photooxidation, and the photooxidized beta-caryophyllene and the isolated individual compounds could be useful antimicrobial agents to control the growth of S. aureus and V. parahaemolyticus in certain food systems.     

紫甘薯花色苷色素抑制金黄色葡萄球菌作用初探

本实验研究紫甘薯花色苷色素对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用.结果表明,紫甘薯花色苷色素对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制的最低浓度为200μg/ml.金黄色葡萄球菌生长曲线和透射电镜观察表明,紫甘薯花色苷的抑菌作用可能是通过增强细胞膜的通透性,使细胞异常生长,抑制对数生长期的细胞分裂,使细胞质稀薄、解体,导致细胞死亡.SDS-PAGE分析表明,紫甘薯花色苷对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌蛋白表达影响不明显,未见特征性条带的消失,仅对部分蛋白质合成量有影响.     

基于可视化环介导等温扩增技术快速检测金黄色葡萄球菌

应用环介导等温扩增技术（loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP）建立基于颜色判定的快速、灵敏的金黄色葡萄球菌检测方法。根据金黄色葡萄球菌特异性靶基因SAR0395设计LAMP引物,建立可视化LAMP检测方法。优化的反应体系为：1.6 μmol/L内引物（FIP和BIP）,0.2 μmol/L外引物（F3和B3）,4.0 mmol/L MgSO4,1.0 mmol/L dNTPs,0.4 U/μL Bst 2.0 WarmStart? DNA聚合酶,120 μmol/L羟基萘酚蓝,扩增温度60 ℃,扩增时间60 min。在可视化LAMP体系中添加两条环引物（LF和LB）反应时间可缩短至20 min。该可视化LAMP反应60 min,其基因组灵敏度可以达到0.010 3 fg/μL,菌落灵敏度可以达到1.9 CFU/mL;利用46 株金黄色葡萄球菌和24 株非金黄色葡萄球菌证实该可视化LAMP具有良好的特异性和可靠性。本研究中建立的可视化LAMP可为金黄色葡萄球菌的快速检测提供一种新的技术。     

1874株金黄色葡萄球菌临床分布及耐药性结果分析

目的了解四川省某医院甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus,MSSA)与耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)的临床科室分布和耐药性情况。方法回顾性分析2014年12月-2017年12月四川省某医院门诊及住院患者,包括8名因金黄色葡萄球菌引起的食物中毒患者,送检各类标本分离出SA(Staphylococcus aureus)可疑菌落1874株,对其进行鉴定和药敏检测。结果 MSSA和MRSA标本主要来源于痰液(51.31%,74.33%)、伤口分泌物(21.52%,8.96%)和脓液(10.07%,7.92%)。725株MSSA临床分离率依次为门诊(27.17%)、呼吸科(15.45%)、ICU(10.21%)、神经科(8.55%)和口腔科(5.52%),1149株MRSA依次为ICU(33.16%)、神经科(11.66%)、呼吸科(9.75%)、儿科(7.57%)和妇产科(6.27%)。耐药性结果表明,MSSA对苯唑西林、万古霉素、利奈唑胺、替考拉林敏感,对青霉素G、红霉素和阿莫西林/克拉维酸耐药率依次为89.38%、56.69%、21.51%外,对其他抗菌药耐药率均18.00%; MRSA对万古霉素利、奈唑胺、替考拉林敏感,对苯唑西林、莫西沙星、克林霉素、红霉素、青霉素G、四环素、环丙沙星、阿莫西林/克拉维酸和氨苄西林/舒巴坦的耐药率均显著高于MSSA。结论四川省某医院2014年12月-2017年12月期间临床分离的SA以MRSA为主, MSSA和MRSA在标本来源、科室分布等方面存在较大差异, MRSA耐药情况更为严重,明显高于MSSA。若要评估金黄色葡萄球菌感染风险以及病人的治疗方案,应分别考虑MRSA和MSSA的感染来源和耐药性。     

安石榴苷对金黄色葡萄球菌毒力因子表达的抑制作用

分别采用溶血试验法、凝固酶效价法和酶联免疫反应法检测了安石榴苷处理后金黄色葡萄球菌溶血素、血浆凝固酶和总肠毒素的表达变化,并通过反转录实时荧光定量PCR技术检测毒力相关基因的表达情况。结果表明,安石榴苷能显著减少α-溶血素的产生,但对溶血素的抑制作用未呈现浓度依赖性;在高于1/4 MIC浓度下安石榴苷能降低血浆凝固酶的表达;在高于1/2 MIC浓度下,安石榴苷显著降低总肠毒素的产生;安石榴苷对肠毒素基因sea、溶血素基因hla和调节基因agrA的转录产生显著抑制作用,在1/8 MIC浓度下3个基因的相对表达量分别为对照组的3%,5%,5%。     

合肥市即食肉类食品中金黄色葡萄球菌污染情况及耐药和基因型分布

目的调查合肥市即食肉类食品中金黄色葡萄球菌的污染情况,并对分离株进行耐药性分析及多位点序列分型研究。方法 2017年10月—2018年10月自合肥市区范围内的超市和开放型菜市场共采集744份即食型肉类食品样品。根据GB 4789.10—2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验金黄色葡萄球菌检验》中的方法对样品进行金黄色葡萄球菌定性和定量分析,采用K-B纸片扩散法检测分离株的耐药性,采用多位点序列分型法对分离株进行ST分型,使用MEGA 7.0绘制聚类树状图。结果样品中金黄色葡萄球菌检出率为4.2%(31/744),其中卤肉制品检出率最高为8.1%(15/185),其次为烤肉制品(6.3%,11/174),定量分析显示超过90%的样品金黄色葡萄球菌污染水平在0.3～10 MPN/g范围内。耐药性分析结果显示80.6%(25/31)的菌株对青霉素G耐药,40%以上的菌株对链霉素、红霉素和卡那霉素耐药;多重耐药菌株占比为61.3%(19/31)。分型分析共获得8个ST型,分别为ST6、ST7、ST15、ST59、ST72、ST188、ST398和ST2196型,其中以ST188和ST72型为主。结论合肥市卤肉和烤肉制品中存在金黄色葡萄球菌污染,且多重耐药菌株比例较高,对消费者的健康有潜在威胁,有必要持续监测污染率、菌株耐药和基因型流行趋势,完善合肥市食源性金黄色葡萄球菌感染的风险评估。