加油站油品损耗的管理问题分析及解决办法

针对加油站在油品进、销、存方面因管理和人为作弊而产生的损耗大问题，提出了解决办法：各环节交接手续要严密完备；发货方实施保量运输，选择信誉好的承运方；在销售、储存方面应加强管理，推行加油站计量员、账务员集中管理，主要账表电子表格化，及时上报主管部门，执行责任追究制并与效益工资挂钩。     

氧对聚合物污水溶液黏度影响的实验研究

在45℃下对溶解氧对聚合物污水溶液表观黏度(170 s-1)的影响作了全面的实验研究。采油污水取自大庆采油二厂,矿化度4013、Fe3+、∑Fe、SO42-分别为0.2、1.09、.6 mg/L。厌氧实验操作和测试均在Bactron 1.5型厌氧室中进行。污水中SRB菌数随放置时间延长而增加,厌氧条件下增速远大于曝氧条件下的增速,放置7天时菌数相差6~600倍。用脱氧和含氧加盐蒸馏水配制的抗盐型和功能型聚合物溶液的黏度,均随放置时间延长(1~10天)而减小,脱氧溶液的黏度总是明显大于含氧溶液。0.5 g/L超高分聚合物溶液在厌氧和曝氧条件下放置时,黏度随放置时间延长而减小,分别由1天时的22.2和28.8 mPa.s减至60天时的2.7和3.4 mPa.s,曝氧条件下的黏度总是大于厌氧条件下的黏度;加入甲醛杀菌剂使溶液黏度的减小趋缓,60天时为8.9和9.6 mPa.s;在4~8mg/L范围改变含氧量,当含氧6 mg/L时放置2~40天时的黏度均最大,40天时为18.2 mPa.s。6 mg/L为污水的合理曝氧量。分析了聚合物降解、SRB菌作用、杀菌剂作用等机理。表6参10。     

带参数的一阶脉冲微分方程边值问题

利用上下解和单调迭代法。讨论了带参数的一阶脉冲微分方程。获得了单边Lipschitz条件下这类方程边值问题的解的存在性。     

An explicit finite difference method for finite-time observers

In this paper we present a numerical method for estimating the current state of a nonlinear control system. We use finite differences to discretize a modified version of the finite-time observer equations in James. The discretized equations are simple and easily programmed. The convergence and accuracy of the scheme is proved, and the scheme enjoys a number of important properties: availability of rate of convergence estimates, good robustness characteristics, and the ability to handle certain types of discontinuities in the observations. The major disadvantage is that the number of grid points required increases exponentially with the number of state dimensions.     

有水气藏开发早期可采储量的评价方法

有水气藏是天然气藏中的一个基本气藏类型，其采收率受多种因素的影响，如地面集输压力、井筒混合气水流动的液柱压力和储层物性等，目前普遍采用经验取值、物质平衡和气藏数值模拟等方法进行研究，但由于受开发评价阶段试采资料偏少和气藏数值模拟无法模拟井筒流动等因素的影响，早期采收率计算往往偏差较大，针对这些问题，从气田开发一体化的特点出发，提出了一种全面考虑地层→井筒→地面流动条件下，有水气藏（含凝析有水气藏）发废弃压力的计算方法，发展了利用物质平衡早期预测有水气藏采收率的理论，方法可靠、适用性强，能够推广应用。     

Properties of Carbopol Solutions as Models for Yield-Stress Fluids

ABSTRACT: The effect of pH on the non-Newtonian viscosity (η)of aqueous Carbopol 940 solutions is presented with high resolution (pH increments about 0.4) between pH = 2.8 and 12.7. Aqueous NaOH was used to adjust pH of 1.48 wt % Carbopol solutions. A Contraves viscometer was used to measure steady-flow shear stress at known shear rate (γ) over the range γ= 8 to 195 s⁻¹. Yield stresses and shear-thinning η(γ) were observed. Data were fitted with a Herschel-Bulkley model, whose parameters (including yield stress) were expressed as functions of pH. Comparisons were made of η(γ) to the dynamic viscometric properties η'(ω) and η*(ω) for comparable ranges of γ and frequency (ω): A fairly close match was found between η and η* but η«η'. pH dependence included previously unreported extrema of h(pH) in the range of pH = 6.2 to 6.6. Because of sensitive control of rheological properties with pH, Carbopol solutions can be used to mimic a great range of shear-thinning and yield-stress behavior that should make them useful for model studies directed toward process and equipment design and evaluation.     

线性二次型最优控制闭环系统极点的必要条件

本文推导了线性二次型（LQ）最优控制闭环系统极点应满足的必要条件，以及与加权阵Q和R的等式关系     

Non-pinched, minimum energy distillation designs

Non-pinched, minimum energy solutions are important class of distillation designs that offer the potential advantage of a better trade-off between capital investment and operating costs. In this paper, two important tasks associated with non-pinched distillation designs are studied. Thus the novel contributions of this work to the literature are

(1) A comprehensive methodology for finding non-pinched minimum energy designs.

(2) Understanding of the reasons for the existence of non-pinched distillation designs.

It is shown that the recent shortest stripping line distance approach of Lucia et al. [Lucia, A., Amale, A. and Taylor, R., 2007, Distillation pinch points and more. Comput Chem Eng, available on-line] is capable of systematically and reliably finding non-pinched, minimum energy distillation designs. In addition, we provide an understanding of the reasons behind the existence of non-pinched designs, which include trajectories that follow unstable branches of a pinch point curve in azeotropic systems, the inherent looping structure of trajectories in hydrocarbon separations, and the presence of ancillary constraints in multi-unit processes like extraction/distillation. Several distillation examples are studied and many numerical results and geometric illustrations are presented that show the shortest stripping line distance methodology is indeed a powerful and systematic tool for computing non-pinched, minimum energy designs and that support the underlying reason we provide for the existence of non-pinched designs.     

Patterns of discrimination in hiring job applicants with disabilities: The role of disability type, job complexity, and public contact.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of disability type, job complexity, and public contact on hiring decisions. Design and Participants: An Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA; 1990) fact sheet and matched resumes with vocational and medical histories including chronic mental illness, developmental disability, closed head injury, and back injury were provided to 295 undergraduate business-related majors, who rated the applicants' suitability for 2 job positions and work shifts. Results: Findings indicated disparities in ratings of employability as a function of disability type. Paired comparisons yielded complementary findings, with effects of disability type and Disability Type × Job Complexity, but no effects of public contact. Conclusions: Stereotyping and discrimination in employment decisions apparently persist, more than 10 years after the ADA. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

盐16井全封闭边界油藏的确定及评价

充分运用试井解释成果，以尽量少的井确定一个油藏的范围及储量面积，加快勘探速度，提高勘探效果，近年来在胜利油田得到了较充分的应用。根据盐16井的电子压力计探边恢复试井资料解释成果，确定了该井沙四段砂砾岩体为全封闭边界油藏，以及具体的形状、储量面积及边界大小，并对此进行了评价，为决策部门提供了准确的勘探依据。通过在盐16井南部钻的一口空井（盐161井），证实了本次试井解释结果的可靠性。