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51.
X2 0CrMoV12 1耐热合金钢广泛应用于热电厂主蒸汽管线等主要部件。经长期高温负荷运行后 ,材料性能明显退化。观察显微组织发现 ,材料性能下降是和晶界碳化物的粗化密切相关的。文章着重研究了损伤材料重新热处理后的性能和组织结构的变化 ,初步探讨了材料长期服役后通过热处理恢复其原始性能的可能性 相似文献
52.
以三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮)化铬为前驱体,采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在氧化铝(Al2O3)陶瓷基板上制备碳化铬(Cr3C2)薄膜,其中沉积温度为723 K至923 K,沉积时间为1 200 s。研究了不同沉积温度对Cr3C2薄膜的相组成、择优取向、宏观表面、微观结构及电学性能的影响。结果表明,在723 K至923 K下制备得到具有高度(130)择优取向的Cr3C2薄膜。随着沉积温度的升高,Cr3C2薄膜表面先由光滑变粗糙,后逐渐变光滑;薄膜晶粒呈椭球型生长;薄膜的厚度先增加后减小,从而导致电阻先减小后增大。在798 K时制备得到厚度最大且电阻最小的(130)择优取向的最佳Cr3C2薄膜。同时,在实验条件下Cr3C2薄膜表面存在少量的碳和Cr2O3。 相似文献
53.
Przemysław Gołębiewski Helena Węglarz Magdalena Nakielska Anna Wajler 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2021,18(3):697-704
In this work, we investigated the effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions and annealing temperature on the spectroscopic parameters of chromium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet ceramics (Cr:YAG). Samples were obtained with either a separate or a simultaneous addition of calcium and magnesium oxides. To achieve this, aqueous suspensions were prepared using Y2O3, Al2O3, Cr2O3, MgO, and CaO high-purity powders as raw materials. The obtained suspensions were freeze-granulated, pressed into pellets, debinded, and subjected to reactive sintering in vacuum at 1715°C for 6 h. Each material was annealed in air with temperatures between 1300 and 1700°C. Samples were also compared to Cr:YAG ceramics with the addition of silica as a sintering aid. All the materials obtained were then exposed to 445 nm excitation, and emission spectra in the visible and infrared wavelengths were recorded. The results showed that the emission spectra of Cr:YAG ceramics varied according to the annealing conditions: as-sintered samples exhibited strong emissions of around 680 nm and, after air annealing, of around 1400 nm. This phenomenon is attributed to the Cr3+→Cr4+ transition. Samples doped solely with MgO exhibited the highest emission intensity in the infrared region. Thus, Mg2+ ions provided the best conversion efficiency of chromium ions. 相似文献
54.
汽轮发电机运行过程中,转子轴颈磨损拉伤的情况较为普遍,采用微弧冷焊技术可以实现对损伤部位的修复。针对25Cr2Ni4MoV材料转子,通过焊接工艺试验和试样性能检测,得到一种可靠的微弧冷焊工艺;并通过对焊缝无损检测标准和焊后尺寸恢复工艺的研究,形成了一套完善的轴颈损伤修复工艺方案。 相似文献
55.
采用金相显微镜分析了30 t EAF-LF-VD-Φ200 mm电极-Φ360 mm ESR锭-120 mm×120 mm锻坯-Φ50 mm轧材的冶炼和加工工艺对不锈轴承钢9Cr18共晶碳化物的影响,结果表明,模铸电极浇注温度由1500~1510℃降至1485~1495℃,电渣重熔熔速由4.5 kg/min降至3.5 kg/min,增强电渣重熔冷却条件,可以有效减少冶炼过程中的共晶碳化物原始形成。采用锻透力强、大变形开坯,可使大颗粒碳化物破碎、减小颗粒尺寸,降低碳化物条带和网状聚集程度,能够有效改善不锈轴承钢共晶碳化物评级,减小碳化物颗粒尺寸。 相似文献
56.
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58.
A comparative study of high-temperature oxidation of Ni containing 1 at.% Cr and pure Ni was carried out. Instead of the conventional kinetics study using thermogravimetry, a microlithographic marker experiment was designed. Observation of the markers using cross-sectional TEM and SEM has revealed striking differences in the scale morphology, microstructures, and oxidation mechanisms between pure Ni and the Cr-doped Ni substrates. In particular, the results suggest that a small addition of Cr promotes significant inward transport of oxygen. Marker experiments revealed that NiO grown on pure Ni is wholly attributable to outward-cation diffusion. In contrast, NiO grown on Ni–1 at.% Cr exhibited formation of a substantial inner layer having a submicron grain size, established by the markers to have formed from oxygen ingress. For pure Ni, voids were observed to be distributed only within oxide grains. In contrast, for Ni containing 1 at.% Cr, elongated pores formed extensively along oxide-grain boundaries. Formation of new fine-grain oxide in these pores was observed to have sometimes completely resealed the void. It is, therefore, proposed that the transport of oxygen in the case of oxide scale grown on Ni–1 at.% Cr occurs via voids (pores) formed by vacancy coalescence at the grain boundaries. 相似文献
59.
通过溶剂热法,制备出金属有机框架化合物NH2-MIL-101(Cr)。使用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和全自动比表面积及微孔物理吸附和化学吸附分析仪对NH2-MIL-101(Cr)的晶相结构、微观形貌和比表面积进行表征。结果表明,制备的NH2-MIL-101(Cr)为正八面体形貌,比表面积高达1 656 m2/g。使用NH2-MIL-101(Cr)对水体中Pb(Ⅱ)进行吸附,结果表明:在30 mg/L含Pb(Ⅱ)溶液中,加入0.03 g NH2-MIL-101(Cr)吸附剂,振荡吸附100 min,达到吸附平衡,平衡吸附量为49.84 mg/g。NH2-MIL-101(Cr)对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附过程满足拟二级动力学和Langmuir吸附等温模型,说明NH2-MIL-101(Cr)表面活性吸附位点分布均匀,对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附属于均相单分子层化学吸附,实验饱和吸附量为71.25 mg/g。NH2-MIL-101(Cr)吸附材料利用EDTA再生使用6次后,吸附量仅下降20.97%,说明NH2-MIL-101(Cr)具有较好的再生循环使用性。取某电池车间经处理过的Pb(Ⅱ)质量浓度为30 mg/L的废水,加入0.03 g NH2-MIL-101(Cr)吸附剂,控制pH值为6,振荡吸附100 min后,测定溶液中剩余的Pb(Ⅱ)质量浓度为0.1 mg/L(低于国家最高排放标准0.5 mg/L),说明NH2-MIL-101(Cr)是一种良好的Pb(Ⅱ)去除剂。 相似文献
60.
Corrosion-Electrochemical behavior of a commercial API5CT grade L80 type 13Cr tubing enriched with microalloying elements
is studied in 6, 7.5, 9, 12 and 15% HCl solutions by electrochemical methods. The objective is to contribute to the comprehension
of corrosion phenomena caused by HCl of similar concentrations, generally used in acidizing job. The corrosion morphology
is examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDAX. The soluble corrosion products are analyzed by atomic
absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. General, as well as localized, corrosion is present. The severest general
corrosion with a maximum rate of 26 mm/year is obtained at 15% HCl. The localized corrosion which morphologically differs
as function of HCl concentrations is revealed by SEM investigation. In all the above HCl solutions, the commercial 13% Cr
martensitic stainless steel tubing shows no passive state. Above 6% HCl, the microalloying elements promote forming a discontinuous
film of the corrosion products. The corrosion rate slightly decreases in 15% HCl compared to the published data on a conventional
13% Cr martensitic stainless steel tubing. This is due to both the chemical composition (silicon, manganese and vanadium)
and microstructural properties. Copper seems to additionally accelerate the corrosion of the alloy.
Published in Russian in Zashchita Metallov, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 372–380.
The article was translated by the authors in English. 相似文献