柔性螺旋物料分离系统的设计应用

现有的废烟支烟丝回收设备存在烟丝造碎率高、烟丝中纸片含量高、烟丝回收率低、需人工分拣整盘等问题,为此设计了柔性螺旋物料分离系统.该系统是一种利用旋转的柔性螺旋面完成物料输送与分离的装置.经饱和水蒸气处理过的废烟支,落入工作腔内,在导流风扇和橡胶打棒的作用下,实现烟丝与纸筒的输送与分离.该系统应用于FY36型废烟支处理机后,与NTM S400型废烟支处理机相比,烟丝造碎率由≥15％降低到8％以下,烟丝中纸片含量由80片/kg降低到(20±5)片/kg,烟丝回收率提高了30％,基本来破坏回收烟丝的质量,能够满足卷烟工业企业处理回收各种废烟支的需求.     

Changes in polyphenol fractions and bacterial composition after in vitrofermentation of apple peel polyphenol by gut microbiota

The changes in polyphenol fractions after in vitro fermentation of apple peel polyphenol (APP) by gut microbiota as well as the effects of APP on the growth, pH value, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production and intestinal flora composition of gut microbiota fermentation were firstly explored in this study. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the APP group was 49.55% with an increment of 49.40% compared with the blank group, while that of Bifidobacterium was 13.32%. Moreover, the flora produced 37.093 ± 0.478 mM of SCFAs including acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and valeric acid during the process of fermentation, thus reduced the environmental pH value. In addition, polyphenol fractions in APP were altered by gut microbiota fermentation to some extent, for example, glycosides were hydrolysed to aglycones. These findings suggested APP as a potential prebiotic agent to alleviate the disorder of intestinal flora.     

Structure,stability and permeation properties of NaA zeolite membranes for H2O/H2 and CH3OH/H2 separations

NaA zeolite membranes were synthesised in the secondary growth hydrothermal method based on the seeding of the inner surface of a ceramic α-alumina tube. The impacts of crystallisation time and zeolite precursor concentration (in H₂O) were investigated. The structure and stability of the prepared NaA zeolite membranes were also investigated with operating temperatures, times and pressures. The results indicate that the optimal synthesis gel molar composition was 3Na₂O: 2SiO₂: Al₂O₃: 200H₂O. This led to cubic-shaped NaA zeolite which showed good stability. The optimal NaA zeolite membrane had H₂O and CH₃OH fluxes of 2.77 and 0.19 kg/m²h, with H₂O/H₂ and CH₃OH/H₂ separation factors of ∞ and 0.09 at a temperature of 30 °C. The NaA zeolite membrane had high thermal stability, but poor separation performance at high temperature (240 °C). The results suggested that the H₂ permeation flux is significantly influenced by preferential adsorption of vapour in the NaA zeolite membrane.     

Simulation and exploration of cavitation process during microalgae oil extracting with ultrasonic-assisted for hydrogen production

Microalgae is promising to be used as feedstock resources for hydrogen production due to its high oil and grease contents. This promotes the development of extraction technology of microalgae oil. In this study, based on the Rayleigh-Plesset equation, the effects of temperature, pressure, ultrasonic power and frequency on the bubble motion of ethanol ultrasound cavitation are investigated. Subsequently, the effects of different process parameters on the extraction rate are studied using Schizochytrium sp. as raw material by stirring or ultrasonic-assisted extraction. And the composition of algae extraction oil is analyzed. The results show that the amplitude of cavitation bubbles increases with the increase of ultrasonic power and decrease of ultrasonic frequency. The extraction rate of algae oil reaches 93.76 ± 0.48% when the ultrasonic power is 150 W, the reaction time is 30 min, the temperature is 50 °C and the liquid-solid ratio is 10:1.     

镓锗铜萃余液综合利用研究与应用

本文针对镓锗铜综合回收系统产出的萃余液,设计通过中和氧化除杂、锌粉置换除铜镉、有机试剂除钴镍、纯碱法生产碱式碳酸锌、高温煅烧生产活性氧化锌和一步法生产元明粉的生产工艺流程,有效的将镓锗铜萃余液分类分离富集,产出具有价值的富集渣和工业产品,进一步提升综合回收经济效益。     

Removal of Cu2+ from Water Using Liquid-Liquid Microchannel Extraction

The very good extraction selectivity of Cu²⁺ from water was demonstrated with a new microchannel equipment, by employing di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as an extractant and kerosene as a solvent. The effects of different experimental parameters on the extraction efficiency E, the volumetric mass transfer coefficient K_La, and the entrainment were experimentally investigated. The results showed that the extraction efficiency increased with increasing temperature, extractant concentration, phase ratio (organic/aqueous), and pH. The total flow rate, phase ratio, and pH were found to have a great effect on the mass transfer, whereas the temperature and the extractant concentration showed little effect.     

Better damage of chicory tissue by combined electroporation and ohmic heating for solute extraction

Damage of chicory tissue by combined electroporation and ohmic heating is studied for better solute extraction. Moderate (400–1000 V/cm) and high (10,000 V/cm) PEF treatments were applied varying pause duration between the trains of individual pulses. Ohmic heating was induced with increase of the number of trains N. Temperature dependence of tissue damage degree Z is evaluated for the different PEF intensities. With higher ohmic heating, chicory tissue is faster and better damaged. Electric field strengths of 600–800 V/cm combined with ohmic heating permit to enhance noticeably the solute extraction from chicory tissue. The solute diffusivity D for the different PEF treatments, is nearly the same for same values of Z. Chicory tissue treated to the same damage degree (Z = 0.8–1.0) using different PEF conditions (800, 1000 and 10,000 V/cm) has nearly the same diffusivity.Combined electroporation/ohmic heating pretreatment by moderate PEF (400–1000 V/cm) presents an interesting alterative for the treatment of high product throughputs (e.g. in the case of inulin production from chicory).     

Separation of Methane and Carbon Dioxide Gas Mixtures Using Activated Carbon Modified with 2‐Methylimidazole

Activated carbon was modified by loading 2‐methylimidazole (mIm), ethanol, and glycol onto its surface and adopted to capture CO₂ using the absorption‐adsorption method. The modified activated carbon showed high selectivity for separating CH₄+CO₂ gas mixtures, compared with other methods to modify activated carbon given in the literature. The separation factor was 4.75 times higher than that for the fresh activated‐carbon system, and the separation performance of the activated carbon increased with increasing amount of mIm. The addition of glycol showed greater potential to enhance the selectivity of the activated carbon than ethanol. A recycling test verified the stability of the modified activated carbon for CH₄+CO₂ gas mixture separation.     

Phenolic profiling reveals the metabolite basis of flesh colour and fresh-cut browning in apple fruit

Flesh colour, which is affected by cultivars and browning, can largely impact consumer acceptance in fresh-cut apples. The study profiled phenolic metabolites from apple flesh of twenty-three cultivars by widely targeted metabolomics. Comparison among white- and yellow-fleshed cultivars showed fifteen phenolics, mainly quercetin 3-O-glucoside, hyperoside, hesperetin 5-O-glucoside and cymaroside, in white-fleshed apples were significantly higher than those in yellow-fleshed apples. It may indicate a metabolite basis of yellow and white flesh colour, and better potential nutrition in white-fleshed apples. In addition, ten phenolic metabolites including five cyanidin glycosides showed significant differences between the highest and the lowest browning groups, indicating them may be crucial in browning of fresh-cut apple. This work elucidates the differences of phenolic profiles among apple cultivars with different flesh colour and provides useful data to evaluate the suitability of apple for fresh-cut processing.     

Lycopene-rich cream obtained via high-pressure homogenisation of tomato processing residues in a water–oil mixture

Tomato processing residues are still rich in bioactive compounds that may be recovered and reused, with environmental and economic benefits. This short communication discloses for the first time that the high-pressure homogenisation (HPH) treatment of tomato residues in the presence of water and sunflower oil is able to promote the extraction of bioactive compounds concurrently to the formation of an oil-in-water emulsion stabilised by the micronized residues. The mechanical disruption effect of HPH improved the mass transfer of lycopene into the oil phase, and formed fine fibrous debris, improving stabilisation and visual appearance of the emulsion. Results showed a progressive increase of lycopene concentration in the cream phase up to 5 HPH passes and a concurrent reduction of its content in the pellet. Total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity in the aqueous phase gradually decreased when increasing the number of passes, suggesting their progressive transfer in the cream phase. The proposed process that relies on a purely physical treatment and uses only water/sunflower oil as extraction media resulted in the production of a lycopene-rich cream of potential use as a functional food ingredient.