浅谈建筑拒水粉防水屋面

对建筑拒水粉防水屋面作了简单介绍,从材料、设计及施工三方面对其进行了论述,实践证明建筑拒水粉防水屋面的防水效果良好,是一种值得推广的新技术。     

袁店煤矿101采区灰岩水综合防治技术

为解决袁店煤矿101采区开采下组煤时受底板灰岩水害的影响,采用物探、钻探并结合工程试验的思路,进行灰岩水综合防治技术设计,为101采区安全回采提供可靠依据,为相似情况的矿区下组煤开采提供借鉴。     

基于疏水改性淀粉的亲水性修饰研究

对制备疏水性淀粉的亲水性修饰工艺进行了研究,结果表明当醚化温度为40℃,醚化p H值为12,醚化反应时间为14 h,环氧丙烷的添加量为淀粉干基重量的8.5%时,经过亲水性修饰的硬脂酸淀粉酯的凝沉稳定性最高,经过在此条件下验证试验制备的该产品的稳定性达到60%,比未经过修饰的硬脂酸淀粉酯的稳定性大大提高。     

Enhancement of the hydrophobicity and oleophobicity of a polyurethane coating using a fluorine-free polyfarnesene-based polyol

The development of hydrophobic and oleophobic surfaces on materials has attracted significant attention in various research fields. Fluoropolymers, which possess low surface energy and are both highly hydrophobic and oleophobic in nature, are widely used to enhance the liquid repellency of materials. However, during fluoropolymer manufacture, fluorine-containing compounds are released into the environment; thus, alternatives to fluoropolymers are required for maintaining environmental safety and realizing a sustainable society. Notably, the development of such alternative materials has been limited. Thus, we herein report the application of a novel polyurethane (PU) coating synthesized from bio-based raw materials. The prepared hydrogenated polyfarnesene PU (HHPF PU), which possesses an amorphous bottlebrush-like polyalkyl structure, was found to exhibit higher hydrophobicity and oleophobicity than polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which is a typical low-surface-energy material. The water and n-hexadecane contact angles of the HHPF PU were determined to be 119° and 68°, respectively, whereas those of PTFE were 108° and 46°, respectively. In addition, the density depth profile of the PU thin film was confirmed through x-ray reflectometry. This study provides a novel approach for enhancing the hydrophobicity and oleophobicity of materials using bottlebrush-like polyalkyl structure instead of fluorine.     

A low power 50 Hz argon plasma for surface modification of polytetrafluoroethylene

The characteristics of a low power 50 Hz argon plasma for surface treatment of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film is presented in this article. The current–voltage behavior of the discharge and time-varying intensity of the discharge showed that a DC glow discharge was generated in reversed polarity at every half-cycle. At discharge power between 0.5 and 1 W, the measured electron temperature and density were 2–3 eV and ∼10⁸ cm⁻³, respectively. The optical emission spectrum of the argon plasma showed presence of some 'impurity species' such as OH, N₂ and H, which presumably originated from the residual air in the discharge chamber. On exposure of PTFE films to the argon glow plasma at pressure 120 Pa and discharge power 0.5 to 1 W, the water contact angle reduced by 4% to 20% from the original 114° at pristine condition, which confirms improvement of its surface wettability. The increase in wettability was attributed to incorporation of oxygen-containing functional groups on the treated surface and concomitant reduction in fluorine as revealed by the XPS analysis and increase in surface roughness analyzed from the atomic force micrographs. Ageing upon storage in ambient air showed retention of the induced increase in surface wettability.     

疏水型水膨体AM/MJ18共聚物的合成及评价

以丙烯酰胺(AM),疏水单体十八烷基二甲基烯丙基氯化铵(MJ18)为单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(DMAM)为交联剂,过硫酸铵-亚硫酸钠氧化还原体系为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合方法,合成了疏水型水膨体AM/MJ18共聚物.根据正交试验,确定了最佳合成条件:反应温度为60 ℃,疏水单体MJ18含量为0.5%,引发剂用量0.45%,交联剂用量0.04%.在此条件下合成的水膨体具有较好的耐温抗盐性和热稳定性,是一种适合油田深部调剖作业用的水膨体颗粒.     

用水基憎水剂在预处理的金属表面制备超憎水膜

探讨了一种新型水基憎水剂的制备和成膜工艺,并分析了预处理金属表面超憎水膜的形成机理.将这种以聚四氟乙烯和硅溶胶为基础组分的水基憎水剂在化学镀镍膜和磷化膜上进行憎水处理,与工业上常用的有机硅氧烷类憎水剂进行对比,表明这种憎水剂获得的膜层具有憎水效果优异、附着力好、耐磨性好、制备工艺简单等优点.利用扫描电镜、接触角测试仪等对这种憎水膜层的微观形貌和成分、憎水角等进行了表征分析.结果表明,这种水基憎水剂在化学镀镍膜和磷化膜表面形成憎水膜层的憎水角分别为155～157°和146～148°,膜层增重分别为0.81和0.54mg/cm2.     

氧化钙颗粒表面改性对其水化反应的抑制作用

为了控制氧化钙水化反应急剧,并大量放热而引起各种危害,本文中用十八烷基三氯硅烷偶联剂在室温对氧化钙粉体进行疏水化表面改性。实验证明,经过表面改性的氧化钙粉体,其颗粒表面疏水化效果好,可以有效地抑制、延缓氧化钙水化放热反应,并且表面改性处理的仅仅是颗粒表面,并不影响氧化钙本体性质。     

疏水缔合聚合物建立流动阻力机理研究

利用填砂管模型流动实验,研究了疏水缔合聚合物与超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺溶液在高渗透多孔介质中建立流动阻力的能力和机理。与超高分子量聚丙烯酰胺相比,疏水缔合聚合物在高渗透多孔介质中能够建立较高的阻力系数和残余阻力系数;疏水缔合聚合物在多孔介质中可形成超分子聚合体结构,这是其能够建立较高的流动阻力的主要原因。