Vibrational spectra and dissociation of aqueous Na2SiO3 solutions

To facilitate molecular spectroscopic observation of the mysterious transition of dissolved sodium silicate molecules into nanoparticles of desired silica gel and zeolite structures, the IR and Raman spectra of Na₂H₂SiO₄ monomers are studied here in details. It is demonstrated that the 3–0.2 mol/L aqueous solutions of Na₂SiO₃ and Na₂SiO₃ × 9H₂O contain mostly Na₂H₂SiO₄ monomers dissociated about 30%–80%, respectively. In contrast to the common belief the Si–O vibrations of these monomers depend on their dissociation level generating FTIR and Raman bands which are frequently associated with polymer silica structures in the current literature. To stay consistent with the molweight and dissociation measurements, these vibrational assignments are revised in this paper. Some unique and unexpected effects of D₂O used instead of H₂O as solvent are also reported.     

含三苯基膦结构可溶性超支化聚芳醚酮的合成与表征

以双（4–（对氟苯甲酰基）苯基）苯基氧化膦为A2单体,11,,1–三（4–羟基苯）乙烷为B3单体,通过A2＋B3方法合成了含三苯基膦结构可溶性超支化聚芳醚酮（HPEKKs）,有效地避免了凝胶化现象.通过改变A2/B3的比率改变HPEKKs的封端基团,并通过1H NMR和FTIR对其结构进行了表征.1H NMR测量羟基封端HPEKKs（HPEKK-OH）的支化度和氟原子封端的HPEKKs（HPEKK-F）支化度分别达到0.62和0.85.DSC测量HPEKK-OH和HPEKK-F的玻璃化转变温度分别为151℃和131℃.TGA测量HPEKKs在失重率为5%时热分解温度达到500℃以上.HPEKK-OH和HPEKK-F可以很好地溶解于N–甲基吡咯烷酮、N,N–二甲基乙酰胺和二甲基亚砜等多种有机溶剂.     

Synthesis and characterization of soluble aromatic azopolyamides containing sulfone and ether units

A series of new polyamides 3a–d containing aryl-azo, ether and sulfone groups in the main chain were synthesized from bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl sulfone] 1 and several azo aromatic diacyl chlorides 2a–d by the low temperature solution polycondensation technique. FTIR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analyses confirmed the structure of these polymers. Owing to the aryl and amide groups in the main chain, these polymers exhibit photochromic properties as well as excellent thermal stabilities. The transition temperatures (T _g) are between 242 and 265 °C, and the char yields at 800 °C in nitrogen atmosphere were above 39%. Based on incorporation of flexible ether linkages and polar sulfone groups, the polyamides show desirable solubility in organic solvents such as DMAc, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrroidinone (NMP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). And it is exemplified that polyamide containing 2 and 2′ substitutes performed better solubility. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50572081)     

Membrane proteins: from sequence to structure

The prediction of protein structure from sequence has been along-standing goal of molecular biology. Integral membrane proteins,once abhorred by protein chemists and crystallographers becauseof their insolubility and stubborn refusal to yield good crystals,now appear to hold great promises for efficient structure predictionand engineering. This is mainly due to the constraints on permissiblestructures imposed by the lipid environment, and to the apparentuncoupling between an initial membrane targeting and insertionprocess which determines the overall topological arrangementof the transmembrane segments and a subsequent –condensation—of these segments into a unique folded state. Recent work suggeststhat the membrane insertion process is controlled by simplesequence elements composed of different combinations of longhydrophobic regions and flanking charged residues. In this reviewwe sketch the most unportant structural rules relating aminoacid sequence to membrane insertion to fully folded molecule,and their use for prediction and protein-engineering purposes.     

水溶性氨基丙烯酸漆的研制

研制了高温烘烤 (145～ 15 0℃ )和中温烘烤 (12 0～ 12 5℃ )两种水溶性氨基丙烯酸漆。当羟基树脂的玻璃化温度为 - 5～ 0℃ ,丙烯酸和丙烯酸羟乙酯占总单体的质量分数分别为 7 5 %～ 8 5 %和 8 0 %～ 12 0 % ,羟基树脂和氨基树脂的质量比为 (0 0 5∶1 0 0 )～ (0 10∶1 0 0 ) ,颜基质量比为 0 2 9∶1 0 0时 ,两种漆的附着力达到 1级 ,抗冲击强度 >490N·cm ,柔软性 <1mm ,硬度 >2H ,光泽度 >80 (45℃ ) ,耐水 (2 0～ 2 5℃ ) 1d以上 ,遮盖力及施工性能良好     

优质壳聚糖/壳寡糖的制备工艺及水溶性壳寡糖Fe(Ⅲ)配合物的合成

以皮皮虾壳作基本原料,分别采用稀盐酸、稀碱溶液浸泡,除去虾壳中的钙质等无机质和蛋白等有机成分,以浓碱脱除甲壳素上的乙酰基,制得壳聚糖.再以其为原料,采用H2O2氧化降解法得到水溶性壳寡糖.将所制水溶性壳寡糖加入到氯化铁溶液中,设定各项条件,使二者进行配位反应.经系列实验证实,得出制备高脱乙酰度壳聚糖最适宜条件为:温度85℃,时间9 h,NaOH质量分数45%,料液比1∶300.所得产品脱乙酰度为89.6%,收率(壳聚糖/甲壳素)为73.1%,其他各项指标也均为优良级.制备水溶性壳寡糖最适宜条件为:温度65℃,时间6 h,醋酸质量分数4.0%,H2O2质量分数4.0%,产品平均粘均分子质量为2.9 ku,外观为淡黄色粉末,溶解性能优良.通过对FT-IR和UV谱图的分析,证实了水溶性壳寡糖Fe(Ⅲ)配合物的生成.     

Thermal antioxidative kinetics of sesamol in triacylglycerols and fatty acid methyl esters of sesame,olive, and canola oils

Oxidation kinetics of the triacylglycerols (TAGs) and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of sesame, olive, and canola oils were studied in the presence of the different concentrations of sesamol (0.1%–0.16%) at 60, 80, and 100°C. Sesamol increased the temperature coefficient, T_C, and Q₁₀ number of the TAGs more significantly compared to the FAMEs. All the sesamol-added TAG and FAME systems, respectively, of the olive, canola, and sesame oils, respectively, exerted increased values of the Arrhenius (activation energy, E_a, and frequency factor, A) and Eyring (enthalpy, ΔH⁺⁺, and entropy, ΔS⁺⁺) equation parameters. Sesamol improved the Gibbs free energy (ΔG⁺⁺) of the activated complex formation in the canola, sesame, and olive systems, respectively, and the effect was greater in the FAMEs.     

水溶性树脂—CO2硬化工艺在碱性镁橄榄石砂上的应用

用两种水溶性树脂在碱性镁橄榄石砂上进行了试验，结果表明：镁橄榄石涛因耗酸值高，表面不规则，多孔洞等使得ＰＡＮ－１型树脂无法满足使用要求，而ＰＡＮ－２型树脂表现出良好的工艺性能，成功地铸造出物辙叉铸件。     

颗粒状冷水可溶性淀粉的新法制备及其结构初步研究

以高频冷冻振动球磨法制备了冷水可溶性淀粉,其水溶性随着球磨时间的延长而增大,球磨40 h时可以得到冷水溶解度大于70%的产品,溶解度为原淀粉的20倍.高频冷冻振动球磨法是制备冷水可溶性淀粉的绿色低能耗新方法,可用作铸造中的粘结剂.采用X-射线衍射、扫描电镜等方法,探讨了稻米淀粉水溶性处理过程中的结构变化,结果表明:机械力化学效应破坏了部分晶型结构,使淀粉由晶态向非晶态转化,导致水溶性增加;而核心结晶区极难破坏,导致在冷水中并不能完全水溶.     

脱水过程中无核白葡萄转录组测序及膜脂降解代谢中关键基因的筛选

该研究以吐鲁番地区无核白葡萄为试验材料,在25 ℃常温和30 ℃热风干燥后,取失水25%、50%时褐变和未褐变的样品。利用转录组测序技术筛选出膜脂降解代谢相关的关键基因,并利用实时荧光定量PCR技术对其进行验证,研究结果显示,转录组测序共获得了11.63亿的clean data,当无核白失水50%时未褐变与褐变的相比,在快速脱水组筛选出718个差异表达基因,慢速脱水组2 259个。将上述基因进行GO功能富集和KEGG富集分析后,筛选出43个膜脂代谢相关的差异基因,归类于5种代谢途径。从已获得的差异基因中最终筛选出乙醛脱氢酶7B4（Aldehyde Dehydrogenase7B4,ALDH7B4）、双半乳糖甘油二酯合成酶1（Digalactose Diglycerol Synthetase1,DGD1）、脂氧合酶（Lipoxygenase,LOX）、磷脂磷酸水解酶2（Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase2,LPP2）、二酰基甘油激酶5（Diacylglycerol Kinase5,DGK5）、非特异性磷脂酶C4（Non-specific Phospholipase C4,NPC4）、磷脂酶Dα1（Phospholipase Dα1,PLDα1）7个膜脂代谢相关的关键基因,经qRT-PCR验证,基因表达趋势与转录组测序结果基本一致。结果表明,膜脂降解代谢相关基因表达量变化对无核白脱水褐变有一定影响。