Free vibration analysis of functionally graded conical, cylindrical shell and annular plate structures with a four-parameter power-law distribution

Based on the First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) this paper focuses on the dynamic behavior of moderately thick functionally graded conical, cylindrical shells and annular plates. The last two structures are obtained as special cases of the conical shell formulation. The treatment is developed within the theory of linear elasticity, when materials are assumed to be isotropic and inhomogeneous through the thickness direction. The two-constituent functionally graded shell consists of ceramic and metal. These constituents are graded through the thickness, from one surface of the shell to the other. A generalization of the power-law distribution presented in literature is proposed. Two different four-parameter power-law distributions are considered for the ceramic volume fraction. Some material profiles through the functionally graded shell thickness are illustrated by varying the four parameters of power-law distributions. For the first power-law distribution, the bottom surface of the structure is ceramic rich, whereas the top surface can be metal rich, ceramic rich or made of a mixture of the two constituents and on the contrary for the second one. Symmetric and asymmetric volume fraction profiles are presented in this paper. The homogeneous isotropic material can be inferred as a special case of functionally graded materials (FGM). The governing equations of motion are expressed as functions of five kinematic parameters, by using the constitutive and kinematic relationships. The solution is given in terms of generalized displacement components of the points lying on the middle surface of the shell. The discretization of the system equations by means of the Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method leads to a standard linear eigenvalue problem, where two independent variables are involved without using the Fourier modal expansion methodology. Numerical results concerning six types of shell structures illustrate the influence of the power-law exponent, of the power-law distribution and of the choice of the four parameters on the mechanical behaviour of shell structures considered.     

Corrosion resistant and adsorbent plasma polymerized thin film

Adsorbent and corrosion resistant films are useful for sensor development. Therefore, the aim of this work is the production and characterization of plasma polymerized fluorinated organic ether thin films for sensor development. The polymerized reactant was methyl nonafluoro(iso)butyl ether. Infrared Spectroscopy showed fluorinated species and eventually CO but CH_n is a minor species. Contact angle measurements indicated that the film is hydrophobic and organophilic but oleophobic. Optical microscopy reveals not only a good adherence on metals and acrylic but also resistance for organic solvents, acid and basic aqueous solution exposure. Double layer and intermixing are possible and might lead to island formation. Quartz Crystal Microbalance showed that 2-propanol permeates the film but there is no sensitivity to n-hexane. The microreactor manufactured using a 73 cm long microchannel can retain approximately 9 × 10⁻⁴ g/cm² of 2-propanol in vapor phase. Therefore, the film is a good candidate for preconcentration of volatile organic compounds even in corrosive environment.     

聚苯胺及其氧化锡复合材料的气敏特性研究

以溶胶-凝胶法制备了SnO2纳米粒子,以原位聚合沉积法在陶瓷基底叉指金电极上制备了PANI及PANI/SnO2复合薄膜,形成气敏元件。室温下测试了元件对氨气及水果释放气体的敏感特性。结果表明,PANI和PANI/SnO2复合膜对氨气具有选择性好,线性度好的特点,PANI比PANI/SnO2复合膜的灵敏度高,更适合在较宽浓度范围内测试氨气;另外,这两种传感器对存放的水果（香蕉、苹果）释放气体具有响应恢复快,重复性好等特性,PANI/SnO2复合膜对水果释放的气体比PANI具备更高的灵敏度,有望在水果仓储运输方面得以应用。     

基于AutoCAD的鞋类均质材料排料系统研究

目前造鞋企业为了适应当前激烈的竞争市场,提高鞋品生产效率,降低成本,制鞋企业已经逐渐将计算机辅助技术使用在排料的过程中,在国外和国内鞋类CAD软件中相关的排料问题的应用及研究的基础之上,结合排料理论,有效地使用最小包络矩原理,分析了鞋类均质材料过程中计算机实现方法,使用Visual LISP编程语言在Auto-CAD中实现,有效地尝试了Auto-CAD在鞋类均质材料排料系统中的应用,此系统达到了预期效果,具有排料所需最基本的作用和功能。     

The effect of a lower extremity kinematic constraint on lifting biomechanics

Leaning against a stationary barrier during manual materials handling tasks is observed in many industrial environments, but the effects of this kinematic constraint on low back mechanics are unknown. Thirteen participants performed two-handed lifting tasks using both a leaning posture and no leaning posture while trunk kinematics, muscle activity and ground reaction force were monitored. Results revealed that lifting with the leaning posture required significantly less activity in erector spinae (26% vs. 36% MVC) and latissimus dorsi (8% vs. 14% MVC), and less passive tissue moment compared with the no leaning posture. Peak sagittal accelerations were lower when leaning, but the leaning posture also had significantly higher slip potential as measured by required coefficient of friction (0.05 vs. 0.36). The results suggested that the leaning lifting strategy provides reduced low back stress, but does so at the cost of increased slip potential.     

Co-Mg-NiO系氧敏材料的研究

研究了Co -Mg -NiO系氧敏材料在氧分压为 1～ 10 -2 3 atm(1atm =10 1.32 5kPa) ,温度为 70 0～10 0 0℃范围内的电导率与氧分压及温度的关系 ,讨论了材料的氧敏特性、导电机理 ,得出高温下材料中的缺陷类型随氧分压的降低主要是单电离和双电离的金属缺位 ,并得到了材料的某些参数。     

CRT and LCD monitor and process materials evaluated for environmental improvement

Decision rules have been developed and applied to the bills of materials of a color cathode‐ray tube (CRT) and a liquid‐crystal‐display (LCD) desktop monitor to determine which product and process materials will be evaluated in an environmental life‐cycle assessment. Materials of significant mass, of technological importance, and of potential environmental impact are targeted. The list of materials identified are those for which life‐cycle inventory data will be obtained for the materials extraction and materials processing life‐cycle stages of a CRT and an LCD. Additionally, materials identified will also be used to represent life‐cycle impact in terms of resource consumption, as well as surrogates for occupational health impacts.     

圆环面上纤维轨迹的计算机辅助设计

曲面上的曲线造型是计算机图形领域的一个新的研究热点,而且它们在纤维织物编织,三维服装裁剪以及复合材料的纤维缠绕轨迹设计等领域有十分广泛的应用,为了解决圆环面上纤维轨迹的计算机辅助设计问题,研究了圆环面上测地线的解析解以及拟测地线数值求解的具体算法并给出了其表达式,测地线是曲面上两点之间最短距离的曲线段,在一般曲面上没有解析解,但是在圆环面上却可求出其精确的解析解,但在曲面的边沿部分,测地线因不能实现自然的折返过渡,于是拟测地线就被引进到曲面上的曲线造型设计之中,在拟测地线分析研究基础上,给出了圆环面上拟测地线的方程及数值解法,通过其在一个实例中的应用结果证明,该方法可获得织物的纺织条纹以及缠绕物体的纤维轨迹。     

面向对象的统一建模语言UML及其应用

由于UML很好地实现了用户、开发人员、设计人员及管理人员之间的信息传递,提高了相互间的协作能力,使软件开发的工程化程度大大提高。基于UML对软件进行分析和建模,很好地体现了这一点。     

基于离散粒子群算法的应急物资调度系统研究

应急物资的调度是一个非常重要而实际的研究课题,首要条件是时间最短,在时间最短的基础上要求费用最低。在此基础上,建立了时间最短、成本最低的多目标带约束的数学模型,并利用理想点法将此多目标问题转化为单目标问题,而后利用粒子群算法中的罚函数法将此蒂约束的问题转化为不带约束的问题,最后用离散的粒子群算法求解。实验表明,用粒子群算法求解应急物资调度问题有效可行。