激光熔覆用高硬度铁基合金的研究与应用

研究了激光熔覆Fe-Ni-Cr—B—Si合金粉末时粉末中的碳含量对于熔覆层组织、开裂敏感性、硬度和硬度均匀性的影响。结果表明，粉末含碳量的微小变化能显著改变熔覆层的组织和性能；在相同工艺条件下，粉末含碳量在一定范围内可显著提高熔覆层的硬度、降低熔覆层开裂敏感性，从而获得高硬度无裂纹的熔覆层；碳含量的增加可提高熔覆层的硬度均匀性。本文还报道了用自制Fe基合金粉末成功修复大型轧辊的实例。     

Cr12MoV模具钢的激光熔覆

利用不同的激光工艺参数对Cr12MoV模具钢表面进行熔覆试验，探讨了熔覆层裂纹和气孔产生的趋势和工艺参数对熔覆层深度的影响，研究了表面微观硬度的分布及其原因、熔覆层耐磨性能的提高幅度以及组织结构的变化。结果表明，采取适当工艺措施，可以完全消除熔覆层的气孔，减少横向裂纹；表面硬度在不同程度上都得到提高，硬度峰值出现在次表层；激光熔覆层的耐磨性能可以提高47％－76％；微观结构是由平面晶和枝晶构成的共晶组织，并有多种合金相分布在枝晶间。     

Investigation of microstructure of laser cladding Ni-WC layer on Al-Si alloy

A plasma-sprayed Ni-WC layer was deposited on an Al-Si cast alloy surface, and then it was further melted by a 5 kW CO₂ laser. The microstructure and chemical composition of the laser-melted zone were investigated, and the microhardness in different parts was measured. Experimental results showed that the chemical composition of the sample was not uniform. Compositional segregation in the laser-melted zone was found. Some amorphous structure appeared in the nickel-rich locations after laser melting. Owing to the thermal effect of the laser scanning, an intermediate-phase Ni₃Al segregated from this region and formed Ni₃Al grains and amorphous grains. Some WC particles melted in the matrix, and chromium carbide Cr2;|C6 and (Cr,W)C separated during the cooling process. The highest microhardness (1027HV) was found in the high-nickel region.     

激光熔覆模压硬质合金粉末层的研究

利用液压机和简易模具直接将硬质合金粉末(25? 15%Co 60% WC)压制在碳钢基体上;采用大功率CO2激光器对预置层进行扫描,在一定工艺参数下得到了表面较为平整、无裂纹、与基体形成良好冶金结合的涂层;利用扫描电镜和显微硬度计对涂层进行成分、形貌和显微硬度分析.结果表明,在相对较软的涂层基体上分布着高硬度的条状碳化物及少量的鱼骨状共晶体.涂层的平均硬度达到56HRC.     

喷涂与激光重熔技术制备镍基纳米钴包碳化物复合涂层的研究

采用横流2．0kW CO2激光器，在45钢表面制备了表面较平整、较细密、基本消除了裂纹与孔隙并与基体呈冶金结合的镍基纳米WC／Co复合涂层。通过SEM，EDAX，XRD，AFM及Nano Indenter XP分析了熔覆层的显微组织、成分、物相及结合强度。结果表明，涂层的显微组织为涂层中镶嵌着大量与Ni基合金结合良好的WC／C。颗粒，其中在原子力显微镜下可见相当数量的粒度≤100μm的纳米颗粒。涂层的结合强度比传统热喷涂涂层提高了2．1倍。涂层中纳米WC／Co的纳米效应在激光熔覆中起着重要作用。     

Microstructure and formation mechanism of titanium matrix composites coating on Ti-6Al-4V by laser cladding

Laser cladding experiments were done on a 5-kW continuous wave CO2 laser to synthesize TiC and TiB rein- fowed titanium matrix composite coatings on Ti-6AI-4V alloy with a mixture of Ti and B4C precursor powder. The ther- modynamics of the reactions were calculated and analyzed. The microstructure and phase evolution of TiB and TiC com- posites were investigated. The results showed that the chemical reaction between Ti and B4C would release much heat, and these compounds, TiC, TiB, and small amount of TiB2, can be formed on the surface of Ti-6AI-4V alloy if the supplied en- ergy is sufficient to excite the reaction among the initial products. A good metallurgical bond between the coating and the substrate can be achieved. The microhardness of coating was irregular and the maximum value was approximately HV600.     

感应熔覆微-纳米复合材料涂层组织及摩擦磨损特性研究

以Ni60A、微米级和纳米级WC粉末为原料，利用感应熔覆技术在45钢表面制备了微-纳米WC复合材料耐磨涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪及X射线衍射仪观察分析了复合材料涂层的显微组织结构；同时考察了复合材料涂层在室温滑动干摩擦条件下的耐磨性能。结果表明，复合涂层由WC、Cr23C6、Co6W6C、У-Ni固溶体等物相组成；其组织均匀，与基体之间为完全冶金结合；复合材料涂层表现出优异的耐磨性及良好的承载能力，其磨损速率随载荷增大变化不大。     

钛基复合材料激光熔覆层显微组织及其强化机制

利用激光熔覆技术在Ti-6A1-4V合金表面制备了TiC增强钛基复合材料涂层，复合材料的硬度明显高于基体，平均硬度可达940HV0.2。对复合材料的显微组织分析表明：TiC增强钛基复合材料的强化机制以细晶强化和弥散强化为主。     

航空发动机叶片铸造缺陷激光熔覆修复层的组织结构

采用自配的添加稀土氧化物Y2O3和复合变质剂的镍基合金粉末对叶片铸造缺陷进行激光熔覆修复.利用SEM、EDS、EPMA、TEM对熔覆层的组织结构进行了研究.结果表明,熔覆层内原位析出微米或亚微米白色颗粒相,主要分布于晶界.熔覆层中的组成相为基体相γ-Ni,六方结构的W2C、MoC和面心立方的TiC.     

等离子弧零稀释率熔覆处理的研究

利用等离子弧对低碳钢表面预涂的铁基自熔性合金粉末进行了熔覆处理,并对熔覆层的组织结构和性能进行了分析研究.研究结果表明,在一定的工艺参数下,铁基自熔性合金粉末可以在钢的表面形成一层铺展均匀、结合牢固、具有零稀释率特点的熔覆层.