Si CMOS Ka-band millimeter wave power amplifier

In order to meet the requirement of higher transmission power for the millimeter wave radar or communication system,a Ka band power amplifier is designed based on the 65 nm bulk Si CMOS process.This power amplifier works at 30~32 GHz ,and consists of two-stage CASCODE differential pairs structure amplifiers.Neutralizing capacitances are used to enhance its stability,and the on chip matching network is realized based on transformer coils.After testing,the maximum output power of the power amplifier in the operating frequencies is 16.3 dBm.Its maximum PAE is 16.9 %,-1 dB compression point is 13.2 dBm,and power gain is 23.6 dB.The power amplifier chip presented in this paper has advantages in power gain and chip area utilization,which provides a feasible high power output design example for the silicon-based millimeter wave power amplifier.     

非线性波作用下潜堤周围的流体分离与涡流结构

采用粒子图像测速技术（PIV）和基于雷诺时均纳维尔-斯托克斯方程（RANS）的数值模型研究了斯托克斯二阶波作用下抛石基床矩型潜堤周围的流体分离与涡流结构。越堤前后试验波面发生了非线性变形,迎浪面波形的不对称度和偏度分别为-0.21和0.04,波面前倾,背浪面波形的不对称度和偏度分别为-0.39和0.99,相对于垂直轴和水平轴的不对称性更显著。由PIV数据得到的相平均速度场和涡量场显示,迎浪面和背浪面周期性地生成顺时针涡和逆时针涡,但均未能充分发展,由随后到来的变向水流携带与自由液面或结构表面相互作用而耗散。迎浪区域的涡对运动范围较窄,局限于距离堤面约0.5倍Keulegan-Carpenter数的范围内,波能损耗小,背浪区域的涡对扩散范围较大,局限于距离堤背约1倍Keulegan-Carpenter数范围内,波能损耗大。迎浪基肩上存在一个小型环流系统,影响范围约2个水质点运动轨迹,可能引起局部冲刷。基于RANS-VOF（Volume of Fluid）格式构建了数值波浪水槽,借助试验数据探讨了不同造波方法的适用性和海绵层的消能效果,进一步研究了边界层的分离现象。数值结果表明,涡旋的涡量供应主要来自于结构表面的剪切边界层,而这些反旋涡量是由前一时刻的分离涡运动引起的逆压梯度诱导生成的。涡旋的生成、泄放、拉伸、对流、耗散会显著改变水下结构物周围的局部流场,进而影响局部冲淤和受力,工程设计中应考虑涡旋引起的复杂流动效应。     

焊接箱型截面构件在不同焊缝熔深下承载力性能试验研究

为了有效改善大跨度桥梁中管翼缘焊接箱型截面构件的耐久性的问题,提出采用耐候钢代替普通钢的管翼缘箱型截面梁。同时,为了研究耐候钢管翼缘焊接箱型截面构件填充混凝土后在全熔透和部分熔透条件下的单轴承载力性能,开展了焊接矩形截面在三种不同焊缝熔深下的耐候钢管混凝土截面轴压短柱试验研究。分别测试每个试件在单轴压力作用下的静态应变、动态应变,以及竖向位移和侧向位移。对比构件承载力的试验结果及理论分析结果,得出不同熔深下焊接箱型截面管翼缘组合构件的承载力性能。研究结果表明:1）耐候钢管翼缘焊接箱型截面构件的全熔透焊缝承载力高于部分熔透焊缝承载力。2）全熔透试件开裂时的竖向位移较部分熔透试件的位移值大,而不同熔深下构件的横向位移测点L4随轴压荷载的增大而有增加,L3测点横向位移规律不明显。3）不同耐候钢管翼缘焊接箱型截面构件横向整体受拉,局部在顶部角部位置受压。构件的混凝土内部和钢板表面应变情况复杂,规律不明显。     

石油烃污染土壤活性碳增强微波热修复及菌剂深度降解试验研究

利用活性碳增强微波热效应对某石油化工厂区石油烃污染土壤进行修复研究,在微波处理最佳条件下,考察场地石油烃污染土壤的处理效果,通过三维荧光（3D-EEM）和气相色谱（GC）分析了石油烃污染物的组分和去除特性,并采用菌剂强化法对修复后的土壤进行深度生物降解试验。结果表明：活性碳增强微波热修复技术对石油烃污染土壤具有较好的去除效果,在微波功率700 W、辐照15 min、土壤含水率10%、添加5%活性碳的试验条件下,可将土壤中的石油烃含量由5 700 mg/kg降至2 800 mg/kg,去除率达50.9%;GC分析表明：土壤中污染组分主要为TPH（C₆-C₉）、TPH（C₁₅-C₂₈）和TPH（C₂₉-C₃₆）,经微波热修复后,土壤中TPH（C₁₅-C₂₈）去除率较高,达到70.4%;3D-EEM解析表明：微波热消解对土壤中三环芳烃及其同系物去除效果较好;对微波热修复后的土壤进行工程菌剂深度生物降解14 d后,污染土壤中石油烃含量降至716.8 mg/kg,去除率提升至74.4%,达到《土壤环境质量建设用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》（GB 36600-2018）中的第一类用地筛选值。     

Global insight into microwave stoneware firing: Macro and microstructural changes

Industrial competition and environmental concerns lead to the exploration of alternative and energy-efficient technologies for ceramic materials processing. The main objective of this work was to present microwave heating as a viable option for stoneware processing. Stoneware functional properties are presented and discussed, with emphasis on impact strength, water absorption, porosity, and color. Microstructure analyses show that microwave- and gas-fired samples have higher densifications than electrically fired samples. A relevant finding for processing conditions is that microwave firing requires temperatures approximately 100°C lower than those required by conventional firing. Microwave-fired samples’ rupture energies are approximately twice (0.57 ± 0.06 (J)) those of the reference samples (0.26 ± 0.03 (J)), and their water absorptions are approximately one-half (1.5% at 1170°C and 0.8% at 1190°C) of those of the reference samples (2.0%), whereas the water absorption of electrically fired samples at 1180°C has been estimated to be 7.5%. Color analysis also evidences a shift to lower microwave firing temperatures, what is attributed to the enhanced transformations promoted by microwave heating when comparing with the transformations promoted by conventional (gas or electric) heating.     

氟硅酸钾滴定法测定粗制氟化钠中二氧化硅

采用硝酸-氢氟酸混合酸为消解溶剂,通过微波消解技术对粗制氟化钠进行快速消解,并用氟硅酸钾滴定法测定其二氧化硅含量。选择饱和氯化钾溶液替代固体氯化钾作为沉淀剂,考察了消解酸体系、饱和氯化钾溶液用量、沉淀温度、沉淀放置时间、共存元素干扰及指示剂选择等条件对测定结果的影响并进行优化。确定了最优测试条件：以8 mL硝酸+2 mL氢氟酸为消解溶剂,以8 mL饱和氯化钾溶液为沉淀剂,控制沉淀温度为20~25 ℃、沉淀放置时间为15 min,选择50 g/L氯化钾-50%乙醇溶液洗涤沉淀,采用溴麝香草酚蓝-酚红指示剂。该方法应用于回收粗制氟化钠中二氧化硅含量的测定可大幅度缩短分解试样的时间,有效降低检测成本,回收率为99.15%~100.63%,相对标准偏差（RSD,n=8）小于1%,与传统高温碱熔法测定结果相符,方法的准确度和精密度较好。     

微波场中铌精矿碳热还原反应行为研究

目前铌资源的研究大多处于常规加热阶段,因为能耗高、冷中心等问题无法广泛推广。微波加热技术是一种新型加热技术,可以有效避免冷中心等问题。借助微波马弗炉将铌精矿碳热还原反应与微波加热相结合,探究还原温度、配碳比及保温时间对铌精矿金属化率的影响,以及金属颗粒的成长行为。研究结果表明,微波加热在碳热还原反应中优于常规加热,在微波加热下,还原温度为1100℃、保温30 min、配碳比为1时,金属化率达到94.84%;1000℃时NbC开始生成,1100℃时铌钛产物主要为(Ti,Nb)C,1300℃时,钛的产物主要以TiC形式存在。     

Preparation of alumina-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia nanopowders by microwave-assisted peroxyl-complex coprecipitation

Alumina-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia （ADYSZ） nanopowders were prepared by microwave-assisted peroxyl-complex coprecipitation （MAPCC） using ZrOCl2-8H2O, Y2O3 and AICly6H2O as starting materials, NH2-H2O as precipitant and H2O2 as complexant. The effects of adding H2O2 and microwave drying on the preparation and properties of ADYSZ were investigated. The precursors and nanopowders were studied by EDX, XRD, SEM and TEM techniques. The results show that the uniformity of component distribution within ADYSZ nanopowders is improved by adding appropriate dosage of H2O2. Complexing reaction between H2O2 and Zr^4＋ ion restrains the hydrolyzation and precipitation of Zr^4＋ ion. With the addition of H2O2, Al^3＋, y^3＋ and Zr^4＋ ions can be precipitated synchronously in a relatively narrow range of pH value. H2O2 also improves the filterability of the wet precipitate. The highly hydrophilic precipitates can be quickly and effectively separated from aqueous solution. During microwave drying process, the moisture of wet precursors is selectively heated. Quick expansion of steam vapor within the wet colloidal particles causes the aggregations burst into numerous tiny lumps. Compared with oven drying, microwave drying can not only shorten drying time but also reduce aggregation intensity of the resultant ADYSZ nanopowders.     

磁性纤维随机混合媒质等效电磁参数的计算

为计及强散射偶极子间的相互作用,引入参量εh和μh,利用广义多重散射理论及MATLAB计算机软件对在2 GHz～18 GHz频率下的体积占空比为8%的铁纤维随机混合媒质等效磁导率的实验值进行曲线的拟合,导出了耦合系数εh和μh,并在此基础上,对体积占空比分别为30%和20%的铁纤维随机混合媒质等效磁导率进行了计算,计算结果与实验吻合良好.     

CoFeZrRE磁性薄膜微波电磁特性研究

研究在微波段具有高磁导率和大磁损耗的CoFeZrRE薄膜,采用射频磁控溅射工艺制备该类薄膜,探讨了工艺参数和薄膜厚度对CoFeZrRE薄膜结构和电磁性能的影响.重点研究了掺杂稀土元素的含量和种类对薄膜磁各向异性、饱和磁化强度等基本磁参量以及微波磁导率和磁损耗的影响.结果表明,重稀土元素（如Dy,Tb）提高微波磁损耗的效果更显著;CoFeZrRE类薄膜具有较高的微波磁导率和磁损耗（2 GHz处,μ＇和μ＂均高于200）,有望在微波吸收和抗电磁干扰领域获得广泛应用.