纳米氧化铝粉体的制备方法及应用

纳米氧化铝粉体除了具有纳米效应,在光、电、力学和化学反应等许多方面也表现出一系列的优异性能,已成为一种应用广泛的纳米材料。本文综述了纳米氧化铝粉体材料的各种制备工艺及方法的优缺点,并对近年来的应用进展进行了阐述。     

功率超声作用下纳米氧化铜粉体的制备

用Cu(NH3)6(OH)2在功率超声作用下分解制备了纳米CuO粉体.用X射线衍射和透射电镜进行表征,结果表明,所得纳米CuO粉体平均粒径为24nm,尺寸分布范围较窄.     

KOH浓度对水热合成Bi_(1.5)ZnNb_(1.5)O_7纳米粉体的影响

以KOH为矿化剂,用水热法合成了Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7纳米粉体。结合负离子配位多面体生长基元模型,研究了KOH浓度对粉体物相、粒径和形貌的影响。结果表明:采用水热法可合成单相立方焦绿石结构的Bi1.5ZnNb1.5O7纳米粉体,粉体呈颗粒状。稳定生长基元的形成是影响粉体粒径的主要因素,受KOH浓度影响较大,但粉体形貌并不受KOH浓度的影响。当c(KOH)为1.8mol/L,于220℃水热反应24h,合成粉体粒径最小为51nm,比表面积最大为28.8m2/g。     

Ultrasonic processing of suspensions of hematite nanopowder stabilized with sodium polyacrylate

The effect of power input, solid content, surfactant concentration, and pH on the kinetics of wet deagglomeration of hematite nanopowder in ultrasonic comminution device and on the rheology of resulting suspensions has been investigated and compared with the kinetics of deagglomeration and rheology of the suspensions of goethite nanopowder. It has been found that the main mechanisms are fragmentation and erosion, which leads to bimodal transient size distributions of aggregates. Fragmentation of large aggregates starts after certain delay time but erosion of nanoparticles starts from very beginning of processing. Deaggregation of hematite nanopowder is only possible in the presence of surfactant, but increase of concentration of surfactant above certain critical value does not affect kinetics of deagglomeration. The increase of solid concentration up to 20 w/w% reduces the amount of energy necessary for deagglomeration of unit mass of the powder. Effect of pH on the kinetics of deagglomeration and the morphology/rheology of the resulting suspensions is discussed. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009     

氨解法制备纳米Ti0.4Cr0.6OxNy粉体

以共沉淀法制备的钛和铬的摩尔比为4：6的TiO2／Cr2O3纳米复合粉体为前驱体,氨气为氮化剂,制备了钛铬双金属氧氮化物纳米粉体。采用Auger电子能谱、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、BET比表面积、电子探针等技术对氧化物复合粉体和合成氧氮化物粉体进行了表征。结果表明：前驱体组成均匀、比表面积大、反应活性高,800℃氮化8h可以合成X射线衍射纯立方相钛铬双金属氧氮化物纳米粉体e粉体呈球形,晶粒尺寸在20～35nm,比表面积达35．62m^2／g,基本无团聚。氮化前后粉体的氧含量和氮含量发生了明显变化,粉体的组成可以用Ti0.4Cr0.6OxNy表示。     

碳纳米粉用于锂离子电池负极材料的研究

采用XRD,SEM,IR光谱和物理测试等方法,研究了碳纳米粉的结构与性能及电化学性能。结果表明碳纳米粉的粒度为30nm,具有石墨结构,碳纳米粉的首次放电比容量为391.5mAh/g,首次循环可逆比容量是336.0mAh/g,不可逆容量仅是21.9mAh/g。碳纳米粉的循环伏安曲线的峰形与峰位基本相同,没有还原电流峰。结果显示碳纳米粉适用于做锂离子电池负极材料。     

纳米Fe3O4颗粒及磁性液体的制备

用低温相转化法制备了小粒径的Fe3O4纳米颗粒,用油酸对纳米颗粒进行了表面处理,溶液pH为6．90,80℃下恒温反应50～60min时磁性粉体颗粒的改性效果较好。然后将包覆颗粒分散到载液中制得磁性液体。实验中用XRD、TEM、VSM、IR光谱等对所制的样品进行了相应表征,并将UV光谱分析方法用于油酸包覆的定量评估,从而建立了磁性颗粒表面修饰的表征方法。     

Fabrication and properties of Co:MgAl2O4 transparent ceramics for a saturable absorber from coprecipitated nanopowder

The 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl₂O₄ precursor was synthesized by the coprecipitation method from a mixed solution of magnesium, aluminum, and cobalt nitrates using ammonium carbonate as the precipitant. 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl₂O₄ transparent ceramics were successfully obtained via vacuum sintering and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) of 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl₂O₄ nanopowder calcined at 1100°C for 4 hours. The properties of powder and ceramics were comprehensively investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that Co:MgAl₂O₄ nanopowder had a pure spinel phase. Also, the in-line transmittances of the HIP posttreated Co:MgAl₂O₄ ceramics with the thickness of 1.2 mm were 82% at 400 nm and 84.7% at 900 nm. The average grain sizes of 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl₂O₄ ceramics before and after the HIP posttreatment were 11 and 28 μm, respectively. The calculated ground state absorption cross section of 0.05 at.% Co:MgAl₂O₄ ceramics was 2.9 × 10⁻¹⁹ cm², indicating that this ceramics is a promising material applied as a saturable absorber for passive laser Q-switches in the 1.3-1.7 μm domain.     

纳米发泡整理对芳纶过滤材料性能的影响

为提高芳纶过滤材料的过滤效率,以添加不同质量分数纳米陶瓷粉的聚四氟乙烯乳液为涂层剂主要原料,采用发泡剂发泡涂层法对芳纶材料进行表面涂层处理。研究了泡沫涂层对芳纶过滤材料的结构、耐摩擦性、透气性、孔径大小、拒水拒酸碱性以及过滤性能的影响。结果表明:经发泡涂层整理后,芳纶表面形成一层致密薄膜;纳米陶瓷粉质量分数越大,发泡剂发泡效果越好,薄膜愈致密且稳定,同时芳纶过滤材料的耐摩擦性愈好,其孔径大小及透气性略有下降;涂层提高了芳纶的拒酸、拒碱性能,有效减少了滤袋的糊袋,使其清灰性及使用寿命均有所提升;涂层后芳纶的过滤效率显著提高,过滤直径为1 μm以上颗粒物的过滤效率由39.1%提升到60%左右,且过滤直径为10 μm以上颗粒物的过滤效率可达到100%。     

In-vitro evaluation of wollastonite nanopowder produced by a facile process using cheap precursors for biomedical applications

Wollastonite nanopowder (β-CaSiO₃) is the most nanoceramic powder that is most frequently applied in biomedical applications due to its good bioactivity and biocompatibility. Although the preparation of wollastonite in a solid-state is distinguished as a simple and cheap method with large-scale production, it requires high temperatures (=1400 °C) and consumes quite a long time. The wet methods are considered the best when it comes to preparing the wollastonite nanopowders. However, it has some drawbacks such as its extravagant raw materials and its shorting in preparation which inhibits successful coverage for large-scale production. Herein facile, one-pot modified co-precipitation approach with an easy procedure, shorter reaction time, and in-expensive precursor sodium meta-silicate-pentahydrate and CaCO₃ has been utilized for large-scale production of wollastonite nano-powders (76–150 nm). The precipitated product was calcined at different temperatures (800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C). The phase composition and microstructure of the calcined powders were investigated. They were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and HRTEM. The in-vitro bioactivities of the calcined powders at 1000 &1100 °C were investigated by analyzing their abilities to form apatite on their surface after 21 days in SBF. The apatite mineralization of the powder surfaces was examined through FESEM, EDX, and Raman spectra. The results show that a single-phase wollastonite got formed at all calcined temperatures with a unique silkworm texture. SBF in-vitro test states the formation of HA on the powder surface. Therefore, these powders are expected to be valuable and promising for biomedical applications such as coating and bio cement.