Ag-Pd-5Ru-Gd四元系部分相图的700℃等温截面

在Ag Pd Gd ,Ag Pd Ru ,Ag Ru Gd和Pd Ru Gd三元系合金相图的基础上 ,采用X射线衍射 ,差热分析、扫描电镜和显微金相分析等方法研究了Ag Pd Ru Gd(x(Ru) =5 % ,x(Gd) <2 5 % )四元系相图的 70 0℃等温截面。结果表明 :该截面上包含有 2个单相区 ,即Pd(Ag)和Pd3 Gd ;4个两相区 ,即Pd(Ag) (Ru) ,Pd(Ag) Pd3 Gd ,(Ru) Ag51Gd14 ,(Ru) Pd3 Gd ;3个三相区 ,即Pd(Ag) Pd3 Gd (Ru) ,Pd(Ag) Ag51Gd14 (Ru) ,Pd3 Gd Ag51Gd14 (Ru) ;1个四相区 ,即Pd(Ag) Pd3 Gd Ag51Gd14 (Ru)。未发现新的四元中间相     

A novel supercapacitor-fuel cell hybrid cell

A monolithic hybrid fuel cell (MHFC) with a novel configuration was proposed in an effort to improve the fuel cell performance during instantaneous power changes. A modified direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with a layer of hydrous ruthenium dioxide (RuO2·xH2O) sandwiched between the anode catalyst layer and membrane was used to demonstrate the principle of the MHFC. Experimental results indicate that the RuO2·xH2O layer is equivalent to a resistor-capacitor transmission line and functions similar to a capacitor in parallel with the anode electrode. The improvement in dynamic response of the MHFC was experimentally confirmed under step current change and square current pulse operating. The ionic conductivity of the RuO2·xH2O layer was also obtained.     

The application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in clinical pharmacological oncology research

Metal-based anticancer agents are frequently used in the treatment of a wide variety of cancer types. The monitoring of these anticancer agents in biological samples is important to understand their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and metabolism. In addition, determination of metals originating from anticancer agents is relevant to assess occupational exposure of health care personnel working with these drugs. The high sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has resulted in an increased popularity of this technique for the analysis of metal-based anticancer drugs. In addition to the quantitative analysis of the metal of interest in a sample, ICP-MS can be used as an ultrasensitive metal selective detector in combination with speciation techniques such as liquid chromatography. In the current review we provide a systematic survey of publications describing the analysis of platinum- and ruthenium-containing anticancer agents using ICP-MS, focused on the determination of total metal concentrations and on the speciation of metal compounds in biological fluids, DNA- and protein-adducts, and environmental samples. We conclude that ICP-MS is a powerful tool for the quantitative analysis of metal-based anticancer agents from multiple sample sources.     

用于烯烃复分解反应的钌茚基催化剂的合成研究进展

基于钌金属的烯烃复分解反应现今已成为一种至关重要且快速有效的催化反应类型,在聚合领域以及现代有机合成的应用方面起着改革性的推进作用。作为烯烃复分解反应催化剂的一种,钌茚基催化剂在该领域得到成功应用。结合近年来钌茚基催化剂在烯烃复分解反应中的合成研究进展,简述了其发展过程,介绍了该领域创新性的研究成果,重点论述了一些新型钌茚基催化剂的合成方法,并且探讨了辅助配体的结构对催化剂稳定性和活性的影响,最后对其发展方向以及应用前景进行了展望。     

Engineering 3D Ru/Graphene Aerogel Using Metal–Organic Frameworks: Capture and Highly Efficient Catalytic CO Oxidation at Room Temperature

Noble metals (Au, Pt, and Ru) loaded into carbon supports show excellent performance for CO oxidation. Herein, a tunable metal–organic framework (MOF) coating is applied to a macroscopic 3D Ru/graphene aerogel (Ru/GA) composite, using a facial step‐by‐step method. The open macroporous structure of the Ru/GA provides pathways for the access and diffusion of reactant and product molecules. The resulting HK (HKUST‐1)‐containing MOF composite exhibits good performance for CO adsorption. It can simultaneously adsorb and oxidize CO, which improves the reaction rate. In this work, the catalytic efficiency of the resulting catalyst is higher than that (≈48.4%) of the Ru/GA. These findings provide a simple method for increasing the instantaneous concentration of reactants around the catalyst, which in turn increases the reaction rate. The catalytic performances of composites subjected to different pretreatment conditions are also investigated. Hopefully, this finding may provide a feasible direction for the effective management of the diverse environment issues.     

Interaction of CO with hydrous ruthenium oxide and development of a chemoresistive ambient CO sensor

Hydrated ruthenium oxide (RuO_x(OH)_y), the material of interest in this study was prepared by reaction of an aqueous solution of ruthenium chloride with base. This material was amorphous, made up of 20-50 nm particles and contains Ru(III) and Ru(IV), as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conductivity of thick films of RuO_x(OH)_y decreased in the presence of CO in a background of air and this change was reversible. Infrared spectroscopy showed the formation of carbonates in the presence of CO, which disappeared upon replacement of CO with O₂. Upon heating RuO_x(OH)_y, there was a gradual conversion to crystalline RuO₂ beyond 200 °C. With these heated materials, the resistance change in the presence of CO at room temperature also gradually diminished. We propose that oxidation of CO on RuO_x(OH)_y leads to reduction of the ruthenium and a decrease in conductivity. With the conversion to crystalline RuO₂ upon heating, the material becomes metallic and conductivity changes are diminished. The change in conductivity of RuO_x(OH)_y with CO provides a convenient platform for an ambient CO sensor. Such a device also does not show interference from hydrocarbons (2000 ppm), ammonia (150 ppm), CO₂ (2000 ppm), NO (15 ppm) and NO₂ (15 ppm).     

A catalytic platinum–ruthenium–polyaniline electrode for methanol oxidation

Polyaniline films prepared on Au wires were employed as substrates to deposit Pt and/or Ru using a potential-programmed perturbation. Different compositions of Pt and Ru ions in acid electrolyte were employed to decorate the electrodes. The atomic percentages of Pt and Ru on Pani were determined by EDAX and particle size and distribution by SEM. The catalytic activity was tested for adsorbed CO and CH₃OH electrooxidation. Nanoparticles of Pt–Ru with different Pt–Ru contents were obtained and characterized for each reaction.     

Lanthanum-Promoted Ru／Sepiolite in Ammonia Synthesis

Theiron basedcatalystsforammoniasynthesishavethecommonproblemsoflowefficiency ,highconsumptionofenergy ,strictrequirementforequip ment,andlowoperationflexibility ,etc .,anditishardtoradicallylowerenergyconsumptionbysimplyimprovingiron basedcatalystsproper…     

Removal of Ruthenium from PUREX Process, (II) Fundamental Research of Electrolytic Oxidation of Ruthenium

A new method was developed for the removal of ruthenium from nitric acid solutions. Ruthenium in 3 M nitric acid solution is oxidized electrolytically to ruthenium tetraoxide, and the tetraoxide is extracted into n-paraffin. The ruthenium tetraoxide extracted in paraffin is readily reduced to ruthenium dioxide by the solvent as black suspension, and it can be easily filtered off through an ordinary cellulose fiber filter. By this method, ruthenium, one of the most troublesome fission elements in PUREX Process, can be removed.