On constrained infinite-time nonlinear optimal control

In this work, we consider the infinite-time optimal control of input affine nonlinear systems subject to point-wise in time inequality constraints on both the process inputs and outputs. Fundamental to solving this constrained infinite-time nonlinear optimal control (CITNOC) problem is the ability to calculate the value function of it's unconstrained counterpart, the infinite-time nonlinear optimal control (ITNOC) problem. Unfortunately, the traditional ITNOC solution procedure of specifying an objective function and then solving for the optimal control policy and corresponding value function is computationally intractable in all but the simplest of examples. However, in many cases one can easily identify a stabilizing feedback for near operating point regulation. Building from this local policy, the proposed method is to construct a meaningful optimal control objective function as well as its corresponding value function. These functions are then used to analyze the closed-loop stability of the proposed policy. Upon return to the constrained case the constructed objective and value functions are again used to develop a self-consistent constrained finite-time scheme that will, for the first time, provide an exact solution to the CITNOC problem. The mechanics of the proposed method are then illustrated by an example from chemical reactor control.     

废水生物处理系统运行状况的评价(下)

废水生物处理系统运行时，要经常对系统的运行状况进行观察，当发生异常时，及时加以调整,达到系统长期稳定地达标运行和节省运行费用的目的。介绍了通过巡视、生物相观察、测定柯泥的性状、水质的理化指标以评价系统运行状况的方法。[编者按]     

Optimization of membrane gas separation systems using genetic algorithm

Genetic algorithm is applied for the optimization of the membrane gas separation systems. Air separation for enriched oxygen production is the selected system for investigation. Optimizations for single and triple objective functions are studied. The optimization problem involves the selection of the optimal system configurations from three alternatives, including continuous membrane column (CMC), single stripper permeator (SSP), and two stripper in series permeator (TSSP), as well as the optimal operating conditions. Models of the three configurations and the genetic algorithm procedure are computerized. The objective functions discussed are the Rony separation index, power consumption per unit equivalent pure oxygen, and the membrane area. Both high-pressure and low-pressure (vacuum) operation modes are optimized and the effects of different oxygen product purity and feed rate are analyzed. For single objective function optimization, the solutions obtained using genetic algorithm are slightly inferior in one case but superior in other cases compared to those by pure mathematical optimization methods. For triple objective function optimization, the Pareto plots presenting multiple trade-off solutions are generated. In general, compared to high-pressure operation mode, the product recovery and power consumption for low-pressure operation mode are lower. For almost all the cases studied, CMC configuration with its high flexibility appears in the optimal solutions.     

炼油废水处理场臭气治理系统设计初探

炼油废水处理场产生的臭气对人和设备均有较大的危害。通过处理工艺比选,在设计时选择了投资运行费用较低、运行稳定、操作方便的生物处理系统对臭气进行治理,取得了较好的效果。     

重组水蛭素生物学活性检测参考品的制备和标定

目的制备重组水蛭素(Hirudin)生物学活性检测参考品,并标定其生物学活性。方法按照WHO相关规定制备、分装和冻干参考品,经全面检测合格,用TH生色底物法进行体外生物学活性检测。结果外观、无菌试验合格,水分含量为0.8%。经过10次标定,平均生物学活性为12 701 ATU/支,标准差为2 226 ATU/支,变异系数为17.5%。在-20℃、4℃和25℃条件下,生物学活性可以稳定保持9个月。结论该批重组水蛭素各项指标均符合要求,性质稳定,可作为国家参考品,用于重组水蛭素的生物学活性检测。     

Vero细胞森林脑炎疫苗毒种的选育及其生物学特性检测

目的选育Vero细胞森林脑炎疫苗适应毒种。方法将森林脑炎疫苗鼠脑病毒“森张”株在Vero细胞上连续传代适应,并对不同代次收获的病毒液的病毒滴度、免疫原性、稳定性等进行检测。结果“森张”株病毒在Vero细胞上传代适应后,病毒滴度达8·5LgLD50/ml;免疫血清中和抗体效价高于1∶20,其它检测项目均符合疫苗生产用毒种的要求。结论Vero细胞适应的“森张”株毒种的初步特性显示可作为制备Vero细胞森林脑炎疫苗用毒种。     

Targeting and design of water networks for fixed flowrate and fixed contaminant load operations

Water-using processes are typically modeled as either fixed flowrate operations or fixed contaminant load operations. A new method for targeting the minimum freshwater and pinch in a single-contaminant water network is proposed, which can be applied to both kinds of operations. The method consists of plotting separate source and demand composites with flowrate as the horizontal axis and contaminant load unusually as the vertical axis. It is elegant, non-iterative, and can handle hybrid problems where both kinds of operations coexist.To design minimum freshwater networks for fixed flowrate problems, an algorithm is presented based on a newly developed principle of nearest neighbors. The principle simply states that the source streams to be chosen to satisfy a particular water demand must be the nearest available neighbors in terms of contaminant concentration.To design minimum freshwater networks for fixed contaminant load problems, the nearest neighbors algorithm is applied to process units that lie across the pinch. Units that lie entirely on one side of the pinch are satisfied by the cleanest source available on that side of the pinch. In other words, below-pinch units are satisfied by freshwater and above-pinch units are satisfied by the cleanest available stream above the pinch. Designs based on this methodology, apart from meeting the minimum freshwater target, also minimize the water flowing through the process units resulting in reduced network capital cost.     

Adaptive Lipschitz Observer Design for a Mammalian Model

This paper deals with observer designs for a proposed mathematical model of circadian rhythms which exist in almost every living organism. A 7th order model for mammalian circadian rhythms which captures the main dynamic features is considered in this paper. A recent result of one‐sided Lipschitz observer design in the literature is applied to this mammalian model to show a possibility of reducing measurements for circadian models in system biology. The mammalian model presented may contain an uncertainty parameter. An adaptive design of the Lipschitz observer is then applied to deal with this case. Besides detailed designs of both observers, detailed analysis is also performed for nonlinear functions in the mammalian model to show that the Lipschitz observers can indeed be applied. Several simulation studies of the proposed observers are carried out with the results shown in this paper.     

具有几乎完美代数免疫的偶数元弹性函数构造

完美代数免疫(PAI)的布尔函数能够抵御代数攻击和快速代数攻击。PAI函数的构造是目前布尔函数研究最具挑战性的问题之一。利用布尔函数的双变元表达式和有限域理论,基于Carlet-Feng函数提出一种新的偶数元布尔函数的一般性构造。证明由该构造得到的函数具有一阶弹性和至少次优代数免疫度等密码学性质,给出其代数免疫度达到最优时的充分条件,并比较该类函数、Carlet-Feng函数和由一阶级联方式构造的函数在6~16之间的所有偶数变元下抵抗快速代数攻击能力。实验结果表明,该类函数能更好地抵抗快速代数攻击,且具有几乎完美的代数免疫性能。     

基于免疫原理的多拓扑路由生成算法

针对现有多拓扑路由生成算法存在存储资源利用不合理、多故障恢复能力无法有效适应网络环境等问题,提出了一种结合生物免疫原理的多拓扑路由生成算法。该算法以适应网络环境中常见的多故障为目标,根据免疫原理中抗原与抗体决定基无须完全吻合而只需关键部位相匹配的机制,将子拓扑生成看作免疫原理中的抗体产生,增强了多故障情况下的网络抗毁性,同时引入人工免疫算法来解决算法中的寻优问题。实验结果表明,该方法提高了网络在多故障环境下的抗毁性。