An approach to conceptual and embodiment design within a new product development lifecycle framework

The design of new innovative products is the result of an accurate and precise management of knowledge sources all over its life cycle, such as technology, market, competitors and suppliers. The work contributes with a framework that shows how the knowledge sources influence in the state-of-the-art and market needs so that they become opportunities for innovating products addressing the whole product life cycle. It provides a systematic path from the early generation of ideas to the production of a new product proposal. Through a deep analysis of previous research works of new product innovation life cycle development frameworks and linking it with knowledge management, strategic planning and scorecards, we came out with a structured contribution. The result considers the concurrent activities and its relationships all the way through the product life cycle that can help in creativity and innovation, combined with a process management proposal. Managing the sources of knowledge in highly dynamic markets and technologies is one of the major difficulties involved in innovative products design and development. The emerging knowledge from external sources is confronted with organisation internal knowledge and experience in order to achieve the first product correct.     

Associations of postural knowledge and basic motor skill with dyspraxia in autism: Implication for abnormalities in distributed connectivity and motor learning.

Children with autism often have difficulty performing skilled movements. Praxis performance requires basic motor skill, knowledge of representations of the movement (mediated by parietal regions), and transcoding of these representations into movement plans (mediated by premotor circuits). The goals of this study were (a) to determine whether dyspraxia in autism is associated with impaired representational (“postural”) knowledge and (b) to examine the contributions of postural knowledge and basic motor skill to dyspraxia in autism. Thirty-seven children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and 50 typically developing (TD) children, ages 8–13, completed (a) an examination of basic motor skills, (b) a postural knowledge test assessing praxis discrimination, and (c) a praxis examination. Children with ASD showed worse basic motor skill and postural knowledge than did controls. The ASD group continued to show significantly poorer praxis than did controls after accounting for age, IQ, basic motor skill, and postural knowledge. Dyspraxia in autism appears to be associated with impaired formation of spatial representations, as well as transcoding and execution. Distributed abnormality across parietal, premotor, and motor circuitry, as well as anomalous connectivity, may be implicated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Medical knowledge management for specific hospital departments

Medical knowledge representation and management is concerned with how to organise the often vague clinical experience of medical staff required for computable models. However, few knowledge management and acquisition tools have entered routine use, since such tools are not perceived by physicians as part of the clinical information process. An attempt to partially solve this problem, we identify two key aspects of knowledge representation and management tasks. The first is to adopt a medical knowledge standardisation to provide a consistent terminology control and to simplify the integration between knowledge management tools and the health information system. The second is to establish an effective knowledge acquisition process in specific medical fields by adapting knowledge acquisition tools. Therefore, the main goal of this work is to define computational models and to design mechanisms for the effective acquisition and management of medical knowledge in real-life hospital departments. To this end, we analyse the representation of medical knowledge (based on deep-causal models) and the development of knowledge management tools (based on ontologies), integrated within the information processing activities of the clinical user. Finally, we illustrate its applicability in the Intensive Care Unit and Pediatry scenarios.     

On the formalization and reuse of scientific research

The reuse of scientific knowledge obtained from one investigation in another investigation is basic to the advance of science. Scientific investigations should therefore be recorded in ways that promote the reuse of the knowledge they generate. The use of logical formalisms to describe scientific knowledge has potential advantages in facilitating such reuse. Here, we propose a formal framework for using logical formalisms to promote reuse. We demonstrate the utility of this framework by using it in a worked example from biology: demonstrating cycles of investigation formalization [F] and reuse [R] to generate new knowledge. We first used logic to formally describe a Robot scientist investigation into yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) functional genomics [f₁]. With Robot scientists, unlike human scientists, the production of comprehensive metadata about their investigations is a natural by-product of the way they work. We then demonstrated how this formalism enabled the reuse of the research in investigating yeast phenotypes [r₁ = R(f₁)]. This investigation found that the removal of non-essential enzymes generally resulted in enhanced growth. The phenotype investigation was then formally described using the same logical formalism as the functional genomics investigation [f₂ = F(r₁)]. We then demonstrated how this formalism enabled the reuse of the phenotype investigation to investigate yeast systems-biology modelling [r₂ = R(f₂)]. This investigation found that yeast flux-balance analysis models fail to predict the observed changes in growth. Finally, the systems biology investigation was formalized for reuse in future investigations [f₃ = F(r₂)]. These cycles of reuse are a model for the general reuse of scientific knowledge.     

一种基于本体的语义检索设计与实现

基于语义检索的目的,结合成语典故本体的构建,设计了一个基于成语典故本体的语义检索模型,阐述了检索模型中用户界面模块、数据存储模块、查询分析模块和检索分析模块的功能;分析了系统中的本体构建技术、分词技术及检索技术,设计并实现了词语相似度及概念相似度算法;通过语义检索系统的实验,得到较高的查全率和查准率.     

基于本体和云模型的电能质量信息状态监测平台

提出了一种适用于智能电网的电能质量信息状态监测平台。将本体技术引入到该平台建设中,建立了电能质量信息状态监测领域的领域本体,借助该领域本体可以实现电能质量信息的快速检索。建立的电能质量信息状态监测检索引擎可以在领域本体的指导下从电能质量数据库中提取出符合条件的数据集合,再将定制处理后的检索结果返回给用户。平台引入了云模型技术,基于云模型完成对电能质量信息的诊断,以实现电能质量信息的状态诊断和实时监测。实例展示介绍了平台的操作界面和具体实现界面,可见该平台具有一定的工程实用价值。     

省级电力客服中心供电服务业务支撑作用的思考

通过对95598全业务集中后,省级电力公司客户服务中心业务职能在营销业务中的角色转换和支撑作用方面面临的一些问题的分析,提出应深化信息系统应用、优化指标管控方式、强化信息报送管理、加强内质外形建设等几点建议,以期为更好发挥省级客服中心对供电服务业务的支撑作用提供一些有益的参考。     

Design Signals: The Role of Software Architecture and Paradigms in Design Thinking and Practice

Does the ontology of design software influence built form? Panagiotis Michalatos , lecturer in architectural technology at Harvard Graduate School of Design and a principal research engineer at Autodesk, Inc, here looks at how the move from drawing typologies to digital modelling since the mid-1990s has affected architectural aesthetics. He goes on to examine two more recent developments that may announce a further paradigm shift: granular tracking of design input, and data organisation practices in biomedics which, transferred to architecture, could allow for a more spatio-temporal approach.     

以业务流程为驱动的电力行业知识管理系统

文章以业务流程为驱动开展某电力单位知识管理系统建设,实现知识管理和业务流程管理相互促进,一方面在业务流程执行的刚性要求下,能有序地收集业务各个环节的知识,能实现与业务活动密切的知识文档的强制化积累,另一方面,员工通过此系统能将知识库中积累的知识复用于新的业务流程中,循环地提升业务工作能力。     

基于结构特征的海量三维模型管理方法

虚拟现实和3D可视化技术的发展带来三维模型的海量增长,传统方法采用关键字匹配方式检索和管理海量模型数据,不能满足语义级别的模型检索和管理要求.提出一种基于结构特征的海量三维模型管理方法.使用该方法的思路框架,分析海量模型实例,通过聚类与分类的方法进行概念发现,构建管理特定领域的本体库,基于本体库设计并实现基于结构特征的三维模型管理系统,最后对系统进行应用和验证.结果表明该方法很好地解决了传统三维模型管理从单一维度管理模型的低效、冗余和难以重用,实现了三维模型的多维度高效检索和管理.