Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr合金热变形行为及本构关系研究

采用Gleeble-1500热力模拟机对铸态Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr合金进行高温变形热压缩试验,变形温度范围为1050~1200℃,应变速率范围为0.001~0.1s^-1,压缩变形量为60%。研究该合金高温变形温度和应变速率与流变应力之间的关系,计算了合金激活能,并建立了Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr合金的Arrhenius本构模型和多元线性回归的本构模型。结果表明,该合金的激活能随温度升高和应变速率增大而增大;Arrhenius本构模型的相关系数为0.98228,平均相对误差为9.97%,相对误差在10%以内的点只占62.0%;而采用多元线性回归本构模型的相关系数为0.99566,平均相对误差为4.76%,相对误差在10%以内的点占92.6%,本构精度较高。     

Compressive behaviour of thin catalyst layers. Part II - Model development and validation

In the second part of this study, a new analytical model for catalyst layers (CLs) compression is developed using effective medium theory, using a geometric “unit cell”, to accurately predict the deformation of CLs under compression. Based on SEM images, a representative unit cell is proposed using microstructural properties of CL such as porosity, pore size distribution, and ionomer to carbon weight ratio (I/C) to simplify the random complex structure of CLs. Deformation of the ionomer film that covers carbon agglomerates is found to be the main deformation compared to other mechanisms such as Hertzian compliance of carbon particles and deformation of agglomerates. The present model is validated using the experimental results obtained for five different CL designs, presented in Part 1 of this study. The analytical model is capable of predicting the non-linear compressive behaviour of CLs with a reasonable accuracy since a continuous change of CL porosity is considered in the model. The proposed geometrical model has also been used for other properties of CL in our group and successfully predicted thermal conductivity and gas diffusivity of CL.     

Preparation and elastic–plastic indentation response of MgAlON transparent ceramics

MgAlON transparent ceramic was prepared via pressureless sintering and post hot isostatic pressing. The in-line transmittance of MgAlON ceramic exceeds 80% in the range 0.39–4.67 μm, and the ceramic was fully dense with average grain sizes ～55 μm. The mechanical properties at the grain boundary (GB) and the center of the grain (CG) of MgAlON ceramic was investigated by nanoindentation at forces of 1 × 10²–3 × 10⁵ μN. The results indicated that the hardness values of MgAlON ceramic were sensitive to the testing forces and measurements position. The hardness at GB zone was lower than that at CG zone, which was probably ascribed to weaker interatomic bonding force in GB area. The Meyer's index of the hardness in GB and CG regions is 1.87 and 1.82, respectively. There is a weaker ISE in GB area of MgAlON as a result of larger plasticity and smaller elasticity. The hardness values of GB and CG regions are ～13.36 GPa and ～13.58 GPa, respectively.     

Influence of alkaline oxide on the deformation of ceramic shell mould at high temperatures during investment casting

In this investigation, the effect of alkaline oxides such as Na₂O and K₂O on the deformation of ceramic shell mould was studied at high temperatures. Two groups of ceramic shell mould samples were prepared by impregnating them with a solution of NaOH and KOH of different concentrations. Systematic creep test was conducted under different compression loads at 2?MPa, 4?MPa and 6?MPa using a specially designed creep testing equipment between 1200 and 1350?°C. The obtained results were analyzed based on Norton-Bailey-Arrhenius (NBA) equation. The phase transformation and micromorphology evolution of different samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. From the results it was observed that the activation energy of ceramic shell mould used was about 198?kJ/mol below 1300?°C, whereas it increased to 325?kJ/mol near 1350?°C with a stress exponent of around 1.50 at all the temperatures. Adding Na₂O and K₂O decreased the activation energy at low temperature and increased it at high temperature. Besides, the stress exponent obviously decreased to nearly 1.00 below 1300?°C indicated the dominance of interface sliding mechanism, which then increased back to 1.30–1.60 at 1350?°C suggesting a combined creeping mechanism. Based on the results of XRD and SEM, it could be noted that during the creeping process the temperature played an important role in changing the interface structure.     

The dependence of fatigue crack growth on hydrogen in warm-rolled 316 austenitic stainless steel

The fatigue crack growth rate of warm-rolled AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel was investigated by controlling rolling strain and temperature in argon and hydrogen gas atmospheres. The fatigue crack growth rates of warm-rolled 316 specimens tested in hydrogen decreased with increasing rolling temperature, especially 400 °C. By controlling the deformation temperature and strain, the influences of microstructure (including dislocation structure, deformation twins and α′ martensite) and its evolution on hydrogen-induced degradation of mechanical properties were separately discussed. Deformation twins deceased and dislocations became more uniform with the increase in rolling temperature, inhibiting the formation of dynamic α′ martensite during the crack propagation. In the cold-rolled 316 specimens, deformation twins accelerated hydrogen-induced crack growth due to the α′ martensitic transformation at the crack tip. In the warm-rolled specimens, the formation of α′ martensite around the crack tip was completely inhibited, which greatly reduced the fatigue crack growth rate in hydrogen atmosphere.     

On amorphization as a deformation mechanism under high stresses

In this paper we review the work related to amorphization under mechanical stress. Beyond pressure, we highlight the role of deviatoric or shear stresses. We show that the most recent works make amorphization appear as a deformation mechanism in its own right, in particular under extreme conditions (shocks, deformations under high stresses, high strain-rates).     

不同厚度覆盖土层下超浅埋顶管施工引起地表变形分析

超浅埋顶管工程施工技术对管顶覆盖土层扰动影响大，易对覆盖土层产生有害变形，甚至可能引发路基路面结构破坏。超浅埋顶管的覆盖土层对扰动变形敏感。目前对其研究主要停留在施工经验阶段，因此有必要从理论上对顶管施工引起的土体扰动和地表变形规律进行研究．以便估计施工对周围环境的影响及其危害的程度。从而采取有效的防治措施，避免施工病害发生。本文以重庆市主城区捧水工程南滨路段顶管施工为依托。对顶管施工引起的土体扰动和地面变形进行了数值模拟分析，得出不同厚度覆盖土层顶管施工引发的覆土层变形规律。     

土钉支护结构的现场试验研究

结合某基坑工程土钉支护结构,对土钉支护结构的受力和位移进行了现场监测。通过监测分析发现:基坑边坡自地面至基坑底,位移由大到小,位移速率也由大到小。此外,基坑施工过程中防水措施对基坑稳定性有重要影响。基于现场测试结果,提出了在今后土钉支护结构设计中可以考虑适当降低靠近地表的土钉钉体强度,而靠近基底的土钉长度可以适当减短,同时适当提高强度的建议。     

反倾岩石边坡变形破坏试验及有限元分析

根据相似理论建立地质力学模型,研究反倾层状边坡岩体的变形破坏机制。介绍了模型试验的设计和过程,研究了原型边坡的变形破坏机制和岩层倾角对边坡稳定性的影响。同时进行了Ansys模拟计算。通过比较这两种研究方法的结果,发现反倾层状边坡岩体的变形机制为倾倒变形,破坏模式为弯折破坏;破坏首先在坡顶产生,边坡变形加速的过程是在开挖结束一段时间后才出现;岩层倾角的变化对反倾边坡的变形影响不敏感,但对边坡变形加速持续时间的长短有较大的影响,岩层倾角越小,变形加速所持续的时间越长。     

软弱破碎矿体中炮孔变形破坏分析

软弱破碎矿体中炮孔变形破坏较为严重对炮孔变形破坏的影响因素进行了探讨，分析变形破坏的几种类型和破坏机理，并提出了控制措施。