Mechanische Hochtemperatureigenschaften von flugaschebasierten Geopolymerbetonen

Mechanical properties of fly ash‐based geopolymer concretes at high temperature At present, concretes based on alkali‐activated binders, so‐called geopolymer concretes, are investigated intensively in the building materials industry and by the research community as environmentally friendly alternative to Portland cement‐based concretes. These inorganic binders, which are based on industrial by‐products such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag, exhibit high resistance against corrosive acids and salts, if properly designed. The mechanical properties of fly ash‐based geopolymer concretes at high temperatures are subject of systematic investigations at the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und ‐prüfung (BAM) to create a basis for the structural design of fire exposed concrete members based on alkali‐activated binders. The concrete specimens, produced with quartz aggregates or lightweight aggregates and heated to a maximum temperature of 750 °C, exhibited a decrease of compressive strength up to temperatures of ca. 300 °C, attributed to formation of microcracks caused by dehydration. At higher temperatures the compressive strength of the investigated geopolymer concretes recovered partly, due to sintering processes starting from ca. 500 °C. Because of this beneficial property when compared to conventional concretes, geopolymer concretes can potentially be applied in infrastructure facilities where fire resistance is critical. From the results of the thermomechanical tests stress‐strain relationships are derived that can be used for the structural design of members made from geopolymer concretes.     

钢渣基多孔地质聚合物的制备及吸附性能研究

以钢渣为主要原料,水玻璃为激发剂,H₂O₂为发泡剂,制备多孔地质聚合物材料。采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、BET等对原料及最终试样进行表征,研究钙硅比、激发剂和H₂O₂掺量对该材料性能的影响。将所制备的多孔地质聚合物用作吸附剂,初步考察该材料对Cu²⁺的吸附效果。试验表明:当钙硅比为1.0,水玻璃掺量为20.4%(质量分数),发泡剂掺量为4%(质量分数)时,该材料性能良好,总孔隙率86.4%,抗压强度0.5 MPa,体积密度0.408 g/cm³,体积吸水率56.31%,钢渣使用率65.85%,比表面积与孔容显著提高。吸附结果显示:该材料对Cu²⁺吸附效果良好,去除率可达91.44%,平衡吸附量达到15.239 mg/g,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。     

钾基地聚物防火涂料性能与陶瓷化研究

钢结构因具有多种优点而被广泛应用于工程建筑领域,但其在火灾高温环境下会丧失力学性能,造成结构失效,因此对钢结构进行防火保护成为关键。以偏高岭土、矿粉和憎水处理后的膨胀珍珠岩为主要原材料,模数为1.5的钾水玻璃为激发剂,制备非膨胀型钾基地聚物基防火涂料,并采用大板燃烧法研究该涂料在1 200 ℃下的防火性能;同时,对其在室温、1 000 ℃以及1 100 ℃热处理前后的力学性能、表观形貌、物相组成、微观结构演变进行了表征分析,探究地聚物在高温过程中的陶瓷化过程。结果表明:该防火涂料具有优异的防火能力,在1 200 ℃下进行2 h耐火极限试验后,钢板背面温度低于160 ℃;防火涂料在1 100 ℃高温热处理2 h后,抗压强度大幅增加至室温强度的5.8倍,达30.80 MPa;防火涂料基体的无定型地聚物相在800 ℃开始发生陶瓷化转变,1 100 ℃时生成的陶瓷相主要为钙长石、莫来石以及白榴石。     

矿渣基轻质多孔地质聚合物的制备与孔结构研究

以矿渣微粉为主要原料,硅酸钠和氢氧化钠混合溶液为碱性激发剂,铝粉为发泡剂,制备地质聚合物基轻质多孔材料,系统研究了发泡剂、水灰比以及萘系减水剂对材料孔结构与物理性能的影响。结果表明,Al粉在碱性激发剂作用下快速反应生成H₂,促使地质聚合物浆体泡沫化形成多孔材料,且材料的干密度和抗压强度随Al粉掺量的增加迅速降低。当Al粉掺量超过0.40%(质量分数,下同),泡孔急剧增大,导致泡孔聚并,强度显著降低。提升水灰比可降低泡孔生长阻力,促使密度快速减小。但水灰比＞0.40后,浆体黏度和激发剂浓度显著降低,凝结时间延长,孔径增大,结构劣化,其最优水灰比为0.35。此外,萘系减水剂可有效调节多孔地质聚合物的孔结构,仅添加0.4%的萘系减水剂即可促使孔径分布均一,孔壁完整性提升,试样抗压强度提升。     

Synthesis of tubular silica fiber via all-aqueous microfluidics for geopolymer regulation

Lightweight hollow ceramic microfibers/microparticles hold promising prospects in numerous applications. To date, it remains a challenge to develop a fabrication strategy that well balances product quality and efficiency. In this article, an all-aqueous microfluidic method was proposed to prepare tubular polymeric fiber as the preceramic template. The relevant dimensional parameters could be promptly regulated via simple flow rate control. This approach could serve as a general technical route to preparing different kinds of ceramics by switching the types of nanoparticles. Here, silica nanoparticles were introduced and the ceramic microfiber could be got via calcination. Afterward, the tubular silica microfiber was employed to synthesize geopolymer composite by mold casting. The chemically formed interfacial bonding between the silica microfiber and geopolymer matrix was confirmed by elemental analysis. The addition of 10% volume fraction silica microfiber could not only increase the flexural modulus of geopolymer composite by 3.5 times but also effectively inhibited crack propagation under thermal circumstances.     

PVA纤维和纳米SiO2对地聚合物砂浆断裂性能的影响

针对72个尺寸为100mm×100mm×400mm的预切口小梁试件进行三点弯曲断裂试验,以临界有效裂缝长度、起裂断裂韧度、失稳断裂韧度和断裂能等参数为评价指标,研究了纳米SiO_2质量分数或聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维体积分数对地聚合物砂浆断裂性能的影响.结果表明:在一定掺量范围内,纳米SiO_2或PVA纤维的掺入可以提高地聚合物砂浆的断裂性能;PVA纤维或纳米SiO_2掺入地聚合物砂浆后,能较大幅度地提高小梁试件的峰值荷载、临界有效裂缝长度、起裂断裂韧度、失稳断裂韧度和断裂能,这些断裂参数在纳米SiO_2掺量或PVA纤维掺量逐渐增大时皆呈现先增大后减小的趋势,并且在PVA纤维体积分数为1.0%或纳米SiO_2质量分数为1.5%的条件下达到最大值,此时小梁试件的荷载-裂缝口张开位移曲线最饱满,与坐标轴之间的包络面积最大.     

Utilisation of iron ore mine tailings for the production of geopolymer bricks

This study presents a methodology for making bricks, in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly manner, using the tailings produced from iron ore mines in Western Australia (WA). The study was based on the geopolymerisation process, which is known to conserve energy by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. The reduction is accomplished by avoiding the processes of high temperature kiln firing, traditionally utilised when making bricks from sandy soils with high clay content. In this study, the sodium silicate was added to the mine tailings in powder form, as an activator for the formulation of the geopolymer bricks. The effects of the initial setting time, curing temperature, curing time and activator content on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), water absorption and other durability properties of the bricks were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to investigate the phase composition of the geopolymer bricks. The bricks achieved an UCS as high as 50.53 MPa for the optimum values of the parameters. Technically, the geopolymer bricks that were produced met both the American Society of Testing and Materials and the Australian Standards (AS) requirements for bricks. A cost analysis of the geopolymer bricks is also presented, and this shows that the cost of geopolymer bricks is lower than that of the commercial, fired clay bricks.     

铁尾矿砂-地聚物复合材料的界面与性能

用铁尾矿砂或天然砂配制水泥/地聚物砂浆,并对不同骨料与基体间界面的化学反应、界面过渡区（ITZ）微观结构及砂浆性能进行对比研究.结果表明：掺加铁尾矿砂后,粉煤灰/矿渣地聚物溶液中的Na⁺、Si⁴⁺、Al³⁺、Ca²⁺质量浓度均有不同程度降低,其中矿渣地聚物溶液反应速率较快,对骨料表层溶解也有更强的促进作用;铁尾矿砂附近界面过渡区结构明显优于天然河砂,且铁尾矿砂-地聚物砂浆的界面纳米力学性能显著高于铁尾矿砂-水泥砂浆;用铁尾矿砂制备的砂浆强度及抗渗性也均优于天然河砂,这种差异在水泥砂浆中最小,在矿渣地聚物砂浆中最显著,而粉煤灰地聚物砂浆在后期才逐渐凸显出铁尾矿砂的优势.     

水热条件下偏高岭土-矿渣基地聚合物的抗碳化性能

采用高温纯CO2水溶液加速碳化的方法,通过对不同龄期碳化试样的抗压强度和孔结构测试、渗透率测定及微观形貌分析,并结合净浆水泥石的碳化性能进行同步比较,对偏高岭土-矿渣基地聚合物的碳化性能进行了研究.结果表明:偏高岭土-矿渣基地聚合物的抗碳化能力明显优于净浆水泥石.地聚合物碳化28 d和90 d时,试样的抗压强度分别比同...     

地聚合物注浆技术在道路养护工程中的应用

研究了地聚合物注浆材料在道路养护工程中的应用,并采用弯沉测试、钻孔取芯法和复注法对注浆效果进行了评估。结果表明:采用地聚合物注浆材料注浆加固道路基层与路基,治理因路基和基层强度不足、水稳定性不好导致的各种路面病害,能显著改善路基的水稳定性,提高道路承载力、改善道路弯沉值。