Real‐time thermal states monitoring of absorber tube for parabolic trough solar collector with non‐uniform solar flux

With the world energy shortage problem becoming increasingly prominent, more and more attentions have been paid to the development of renewable energies. Among these sources, solar energy has received extensive attention with its excellent characteristics. The thermal state affects the safety of the solar heat collection system. In this paper, real‐time monitoring of the input heat flux on the inside wall and the temperature field simultaneously of an absorber tube for parabolic trough solar collector were studied. Based on the measured temperatures on the outside wall, the fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter coupled with weighted recursive least squares algorithm (WRLSA) was employed to monitor the heat states of the absorber tube inversely, in which WRLSA was used to acquire the heat flux while fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter was adopted to monitor the temperature field. The method showed strong robustness to resist the ill‐posedness. Accurate monitoring results also can be acquired when there are random disturbances of the heat transfer condition on the inner wall.     

小型特种精细化工过程自动化和信息化研究发展趋势探讨

针对采取小批量间歇性批次生产方式、工艺介质腐蚀性强、危险性大的小型特种精细化工生产工艺研究试验过程自动化、信息化程度不高，导致工艺研究试验中获取数据较少、过程机理研究不够透彻、人工操作多、安全风险高、研究试验消耗大及效率不高等问题，综述了期待通过智能控制、在线分析、模拟仿真和虚拟制造、工况监测及预测性维护以及信息管理和生产调度等关键技术的研究和应用，提高小型特种精细化工生产工艺过程的自动化和信息化程度，实现小型特种精细化工生产工艺过程的数字化、虚拟化和智能化，降低生产安全风险和试验消耗，提高小型特种精细化工生产工艺研究试验的成功率和效率，达到小型特种精细化工生产工艺过程的数字化设计和精准生产的目标。     

基于深度学习的传感器优化布置方法

针对传感器优化布置(optimal sensor placement,简称OSP)问题,提出了一种新的使用深度神经网络的解决方案,并以简化的桥梁形状的桁架结构中的振动测试传感器优化为例进行了验证。首先,选择一种传统的传感器优化布置方法,对自动化生成的大量不同的桁架结构分别进行传感器优化布置计算,将所得优化布置结果在进行数据预处理后构建出深度学习方法所需要的训练集与验证集;其次,使用Python语言和深度学习框架TensorFlow设计实现与本研究问题适配的深度神经网络模型并训练;然后,随机生成了新的桁架结构参数;最后,将深度神经网络输出的传感器布置结果和传统方法的计算结果进行了比较,验证了本研究方法的有效性以及在速度上、可移植性与可扩展性方面的性能优势。     

机翼极限环颤振的CFD/CSD全隐式紧耦合方法

针对轴承振动实时状态监控的需要，从符号动力学角度提出了符号聚合近似与Lempel-ziv复杂度（SAX-LZC）融合的振动监控参数。首先，以Logistic映射和Duffing方程为对象，从理论角度验证了SAX-LZC对动力学结构表征的准确性，并验证了该指标的抗噪能力和计算效率；其次，将SAX-LZC指标与信息熵、样本熵、多分段Lempel-ziv复杂度等动力学参数性能进行了综合对比；最后，从实验角度对轴承早期微弱异常进行了监测，并对轴承典型故障进行了特征提取。理论研究结果表明，SAX-LZC具有动力学结构表征准确、抗噪能力好、计算高效简洁等优点，克服了常规动力学参数工程应用能力弱的问题。实验研究结果表明，SAX-LZC对早期微弱异常有准确的监测，对不同种类故障具有较好的区分度，弥补了时域和频域对轴承微弱故障表征能力不足的缺陷，是一种轴承振动实时状态监控与故障特征提取的有效参数。     

基于SSM框架的大坝监测数据管理系统设计

针对目前大坝安全监测存在数据不能实时计算分析、展示,长期运行产生的大量数据主要靠人工整编且易出错等问题,结合现代信息化技术手段,以Java作为服务开发语言,设计了基于Spring+SpringMVC+Mybatis(SSM)框架的大坝安全监测数据管理平台,用于大坝监测数据的管理和分析,实现数据采集、存储、查询、计算分析、绘图、生成报表报告、实时监控及远程展示等功能,同时亦为监测仪器管理提供了可视化界面,方便仪器管理。结果表明,基于SSM框架的大坝安全监测数据管理系统实时反馈效果好,操作便捷,数据存取性能好、可视化程度高,便于大坝监测数据的管理与实时分析,为大坝安全运行与决策提供支撑。     

矿山深部开采岩体稳定性监测技术研究

针对矿山深部开采过程中易发生地压动力灾害的问题，基于微震监测技术，结合矿山实际特点建立岩体稳定性监测系统。优化台网设计，通过定点爆破的方法进行波速校正，最终建立了定位误差在10m,灵敏度在-2.2的监测台网。对监测数据进行波形拾取，分析微震事件时空演化特征，圈定潜在危险区域，并对潜在危险区域围岩变形损伤进行分析。最终总结出微震事件大幅度上升且处于较高水平、空间分布高度集聚、能量指数突然下降而累计视体积迅速上升的动力灾害预警前兆。研究结果可为深部开采岩体稳定性监测提供参考。     

Laplacian regularized robust principal component analysis for process monitoring

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most widely used techniques for process monitoring. However, it is highly sensitive to sparse errors because of the assumption that data only contains an underlying low-rank structure. To improve classical PCA in this regard, a novel Laplacian regularized robust principal component analysis (LRPCA) framework is proposed, where the “robust” comes from the introduction of a sparse term. By taking advantage of the hypergraph Laplacian, LRPCA not only can represent the global low-dimensional structures, but also capture the intrinsic non-linear geometric information. An efficient alternating direction method of multipliers is designed with convergence guarantee. The resulting subproblems either have closed-form solutions or can be solved by fast solvers. Numerical experiments, including a simulation example and the Tennessee Eastman process, are conducted to illustrate the improved process monitoring performance of the proposed LRPCA.     

地下输水隧洞围岩稳定监测系统设计研究

在地下隧洞施工输水整个环节中,施工环境复杂多变。由于地质岩体结构应力、地下水以及岩体力学构造等各方面的不确定、不稳定因素的影响极大,如果仅依靠传统经验来进行管理,已经不符合现代化管理的最基本要求,也无法达到标准化管理。文章首先阐述了地下输水隧洞围岩稳定监测系统设计的目的,然后对设计输水隧洞围岩稳定监测系统进行了分析,以便及时正确掌控地下输水的隧洞围岩发展状态,保证隧洞施工的顺利完成。     

Optimal inspection for randomly triggered hidden deterioration processes

This paper deals with degradation processes whose onset is triggered at a random time and which stay hidden until they are discovered through inspection or when they begin to show symptoms. This is applicable in many healthcare and industrial scenarios, for example, in the modeling of breast cancer or termite infestation. In our model, we assume that symptoms appear after hitting a random critical threshold and that inspections may have a sensitivity less than one as well as a nonzero false positive rate. The expected cost of repair is derived, and the inspection rate is optimized for a cycle (which lasts from degradation-free to repaired state). This gives results for three cases: the first is for a finite observation period with no degradation recurrence, the second for infinite time horizon allowing recurrence. In the third case, we derive an upper bound for the expected cost in a given constant time period. Finally, the model is applied to determine the optimal strategy for breast cancer screening with regard to the effects of different parametrizations.     

基于光纤光栅传感的低功耗小型化电网智能感知系统

文章针对监测装置现场取电难的问题,为智能电网盲区和多事态区监测提供解决方案。本研究设计并实现了一种可用于电网智能感知的光纤光栅传感系统,由多参量的光纤光栅传感器和解调仪组成,该解调仪采用可调谐激光器作激发光源,以20×70×90 mm的微型体积,实现2 W的低功耗。系统解调仪最多可容纳4通道光纤光栅传感器,重量小于500 g,分辨率为0.5 pm,精度±2 pm,测量频率可达100 Hz,光信息可通过电力通讯光缆传输,满足多数电网设备监测需求。该传感系统功耗低、体积小,可实现多参量监测,完全满足智能电网现场供电和通讯难、事态多发的监测需求。