联方型弦支穹顶研究

在分析天保中心弦支穹顶的工程实例及相关研究的基础上,提出了弦支穹顶的二阶段分析方法。采用二阶段分析方法,对选定的结构模型,与单层网壳相比较,分析了联方型弦支穹顶的结构性能。研究了不同矢跨比、不同撑杆长度、不同节点刚度等参数变化条件下联方型弦支穹顶的特性,同时考虑了不同的荷载组合情况。对联方型弦支穹顶进行了屈曲分析。研究分析结果表明弦支穹顶须按预应力模型进行分析;联方型弦支穹顶是一种高效的结构形式,其屈曲承载力大于相应的单层球面网壳;二阶段分析法是弦支穹顶一种有效的分析设计方法;较为浅平的弦支穹顶的拉索预应力应进行专项分析;撑杆较长有利于增大抵抗力并避免环向拉索的松弛;不对称荷载为主要工况时有必要对拉索的松弛进行专题校核分析。     

Pharmacokinetic interaction study of combining imatinib with dasatinib in rats by UPLC–MS/MS

Abstract

This study examined whether oral administration of dasatinib to the rats with imatinib led to any pharmacokinetic interactions. Twenty-four rats were divided randomly into three groups, imatinib group (imatinib 25?mg/kg, n?=?8), dasatinib group (dasatinib 15?mg/kg, n?=?8) and co-administration group (dasatinib 15?mg/kg and imatinib 25?mg/kg, n?=?8). The concentration of imatinib and dasatinib in rat plasma was determined by a sensitive and simple UPLC–MS/MS method. There was statistical pharmacokinetics difference for imatinib in the imatinib group and co-administration group, when co-oral administration imatinib with dasatinib, MRT_(0–t) increased (p?<?0.01). There was statistical pharmacokinetics difference for dasatinib in the dasatinib group and co-administration group, when co-oral administration dasatinib with imatinib, C_max and AUC increased (p?<?0.01), CL and V decreased (p?<?0.01). These data indicate dasatinib could slightly influence the pharmacokinetic profile of imatinib in rats, and imatinib could influence the pharmacokinetic profile of dasatinib in rats, which might cause drug–drug interactions when using imatinib with dasatinib.     

Engineering of Self-Assembled Fibronectin Matrix Protein and Its Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Fibronectin (FN) contributes to cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation in various cell types. To enhance the activity of fibronectin at the sites of focal adhesion, we engineered a novel recombinant fibronectin (FNIII10) fragment connected to the peptide amphiphile sequence (PA), LLLLLLCCCGGDS. In this study, the effects of FNIII10-PA on rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs) were compared with those of FNIII10. FNIII10-PA showed the prominent protein adhesion activity. In addition, FNIII10-PA showed a significantly higher effect on adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of rMSCs than FNIII10. Taken together, the FNIII10-containing self-assembled sequence enhanced rMSCs adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.     

Pressure Combined with Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Induces Deep Tissue Injury via Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in a Rat Pressure Ulcer Model

Pressure ulcer is a complex and significant health problem in long-term bedridden patients, and there is currently no effective treatment or efficient prevention method. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis contributing to the deep injury of pressure ulcers are unclear. The aim of the study was to explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Akt/GSK3β signaling in pressure ulcers. A model of pressure-induced deep tissue injury in adult Sprague-Dawley rats was established. Rats were treated with 2-h compression and subsequent 0.5-h release for various cycles. After recovery, the tissue in the compressed regions was collected for further analysis. The compressed muscle tissues showed clear cellular degenerative features. First, the expression levels of ER stress proteins GRP78, CHOP, and caspase-12 were generally increased compared to those in the control. Phosphorylated Akt and phosphorylated GSK3β were upregulated in the beginning of muscle compression, and immediately significantly decreased at the initiation of ischemia-reperfusion injury in compressed muscles tissue. These data show that ER stress may be involved in the underlying mechanisms of cell degeneration after pressure ulcers and that the Akt/GSK3β signal pathway may play an important role in deep tissue injury induced by pressure and ischemia/reperfusion.     

Tracking and characterizing the head motion of unanaesthetized rats in positron emission tomography

Positron emission tomography (PET) is an important in vivo molecular imaging technique for translational research. Imaging unanaesthetized rats using motion-compensated PET avoids the confounding impact of anaesthetic drugs and enables animals to be imaged during normal or evoked behaviour. However, there is little published data on the nature of rat head motion to inform the design of suitable marker-based motion-tracking set-ups for brain imaging—specifically, set-ups that afford close to uninterrupted tracking. We performed a systematic study of rat head motion parameters for unanaesthetized tube-bound and freely moving rats with a view to designing suitable motion-tracking set-ups in each case. For tube-bound rats, using a single appropriately placed binocular tracker, uninterrupted tracking was possible greater than 95 per cent of the time. For freely moving rats, simulations and measurements of a live subject indicated that two opposed binocular trackers are sufficient (less than 10% interruption to tracking) for a wide variety of behaviour types. We conclude that reliable tracking of head pose can be achieved with marker-based optical-motion-tracking systems for both tube-bound and freely moving rats undergoing PET studies without sedation.     

Proteome Analysis of Subsarcolemmal Cardiomyocyte Mitochondria: A Comparison of Different Analytical Platforms

Mitochondria are complex organelles that play critical roles in diverse aspects of cellular function. Heart disease and a number of other pathologies are associated with perturbations in the molecular machinery of the mitochondria. Therefore, comprehensive, unbiased examination of the mitochondrial proteome represents a powerful approach toward system-level insights into disease mechanisms. A crucial aspect in proteomics studies is design of bioanalytical strategies that maximize coverage of the complex repertoire of mitochondrial proteins. In this study, we evaluated the performance of gel-based and gel-free multidimensional platforms for profiling of the proteome in subsarcolemmal mitochondria harvested from rat heart. We compared three different multidimensional proteome fractionation platforms: polymeric reversed-phase liquid chromatography at high pH (PLRP), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and isoelectric focusing (IEF) separations combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and bioinformatics for protein identification. Across all three platforms, a total of 1043 proteins were identified. Among the three bioanalytical strategies, SDS-PAGE followed by LC-MS/MS provided the best coverage of the mitochondrial proteome. With this platform, 890 proteins with diverse physicochemical characteristics were identified; the mitochondrial protein panel encompassed proteins with various functional roles including bioenergetics, protein import, and mitochondrial fusion. Taken together, results of this study provide a large-scale view of the proteome in subsarcolemmal mitochondria from the rat heart, and aid in the selection of optimal bioanalytical platforms for differential protein expression profiling of mitochondria in health and disease.     

Baclofen facilitates the extinction of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in rats.

The powerful, long-lasting association between the rewarding effects of a drug and contextual cues associated with drug administration can be studied using conditioned place preference (CPP). The GABAB receptor agonist baclofen facilitates the extinction of morphine-induced CPP in mice. The current study extended this work by determining if baclofen could enhance the extinction of methamphetamine (Meth) CPP. CPP was established using a six-day conditioning protocol wherein Meth-pairings were alternated with saline-pairings. Rats were subsequently administered baclofen (2 mg/kg i.p. or vehicle) immediately after each daily forced extinction session, which consisted of a saline injection immediately prior to being placed into the previously Meth- or saline-paired chamber. One extinction training cycle, consisted of six once-daily forced extinction sessions, mimicking the alternating procedure established during conditioning, followed by a test for preference (Ext test). CPP persisted for at least four extinction cycles in vehicle-treated rats. In contrast, CPP was inhibited following a single extinction training cycle. These data indicate that Meth-induced CPP was resistant to extinction, but extinction training was rendered effective when the training was combined with baclofen. These findings converge with the prior demonstration of baclofen facilitating the extinction of morphine-induced CPP indicating that GABAB receptor actions are independent of the primary (unconditioned) stimulus (i.e., the opiate or the stimulant) and likely reflect mechanisms engaged by extinction learning processes per se. Thus, baclofen administered in conjunction with extinction training may be of value for addiction therapy regardless of the class of drug being abused. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Response rate and reinforcement rate in Pavlovian conditioning.

Four experiments used delay conditioning of magazine approach in rats to investigate the relationship between the rate of responding, R, to a conditioned stimulus (CS) and the rate, r, at which the CS is reinforced with the unconditioned stimulus (US). Rats were concurrently trained with four variable-duration CSs with different rs, either as a result of differences in the mean CS-US interval or in the proportion of CS presentations that ended with the US. In each case, R was systematically related to r, and the relationship was very accurately characterized by a hyperbolic function, R = Ar/(r +c). Accordingly, the reciprocal of these two variables—response interval, I (= 1/R), and CS-US interval, i (= 1/r) – were related by a simple affine (straight line) transformation, I = mi+b. This latter relationship shows that each increment in the time that the rats had to wait for food produced a linear increment in the time they waited between magazine entries. We discuss the close agreement between our findings and the Matching Law (Herrnstein, 1970) and consider their implications for both associative theories (e.g., Rescorla & Wagner, 1972) and nonassociative theories (Gallistel & Gibbon, 2000) of conditioning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

HPPH光动力学治疗大鼠C6脑胶质瘤实验研究的磁共振弥散成像DWI的表现

目的: 研究不同剂量新型叶绿素光敏剂HPPH光动力学疗法治疗大鼠C6脑胶质细胞移植瘤模型, 无创观察磁共振波谱技术(DWI)变化、评价疗效及选择光敏剂HPPH最佳治疗剂量并与常规光敏剂血卟啉衍化物(HPD)光动力学治疗及对照组作对比。方法: 建立大鼠C 6脑胶质瘤移植瘤模型, 以不同剂量新型叶绿素光敏剂HPPH(0.15、0.3、0.45 mg/kg)光动力学治疗, 尾静脉注药后18 h, 以波长667 nm激光照射大鼠脑肿瘤, 照射功率密度200 mW/cm2, 照射时间20 min, 能量密度240 J/cm2, 于治疗前、治疗后7、14天(P0、P7、P14), 即肿瘤接种后第7、14、21天(T7、T14、T21天),以磁共振平扫、增强扫描及弥散技术(DWI)无创测定肿瘤大小及ADC值。并与HPD-PDT、正常脑、对照组(未治疗、单注药、单照激光)肿瘤组的ADC值作对比。最后以病理验证。结果: ADC均值正常脑在406.01±53.59-436.25±50.23间, 未治疗脑肿瘤组均值T7天、T14天、T21天分别为738±219.57、 660.65±105.32、551.37±103.58, 由于肿瘤长大, 肿瘤细胞数的增加使弥散成像ADC值下降。各单注药、单激光对照组的变化同未治疗空白组规律相似。T检验, 各未光动力学治疗对照组间比P值＞0.05无明显差异, 与正常脑比P值＜0.05有显著差异。光动力学治疗组P0组与未治疗对照组相似ADC均值在609.78～705.96之间; P7天, ADC均值由于治疗后脑组织的水肿均有升高, 以HPPH0.30、0.45 mg/kg-PDT组均值上升较多(782.2±95.6、779.01±291.1),其次HPPH 0.15 mg/kg-PDT组(765.22±110.13), HPD-PDT组降低一些(644.13±94.17); P14天, ADC均值明显下降, 由于肿瘤细胞光动力学治疗后的凋亡、死亡,ADC均值下降, HPPH0.30、0.45 mg/kg-PDT组435.86±46.04、429.34±70.05接近正常脑值;HPPH 0.15 mg/kg-PDT组稍高619.98±93.49, HPD-PDT组550.13±94.48, 这两组由于肿瘤细胞的凋亡死亡较差, 有较多的肿瘤细胞存在, 影响弥散值, HPPH0.15mg/kg-PDT组ADC值高于HPD-PDT组, 肿瘤细胞较后者少。各组ADC值T检验, 光动力学治疗组间HPPH0.30、0.45 mg/kg-PDT两组比P＞0.05无显著差别, 上两组与HPPH0.15 mg/kg-PDT、HPD5 mg/kg-PDT, P值＜0.05有显著的差别, 与正常脑比P值＞0.05无显著差异, 与未光动力学治疗对照组比P值＜0.05有显著差别;HPPH 0.15mg/kg-PDT、HPD5 mg/kg-PDT二组间比, P值＞0.05无显著差别, 上两组与正常脑比, P值＜0.05有显著差异, 与未光动力学治疗对照组比, P值＞0.05无显著差别。以磁共振增强测定各组肿瘤体积, P14/、P0 HPPH0.15、0.30、0.45 mg/kg-PDT组、HPD5 mg/kg-PDT组均值为4.43±4.8、0.37±0.25、0.71±0.42、8.31±1.56;对照组T21/T7单注药HPPH0.45 mg/kg组, 单注药HPD5 mg/kg组、单670 nm激光照射组、单630 nm激光照射组、未治疗肿瘤组为17.01±0.36、16.66±0.31、18.37±0.47、17.66±0.04、20.24±1.75. 大鼠脑接种肿瘤第21天病理表现正常脑组织仅见神经元细胞及胶质细胞;而接种C6胶质细胞瘤后大鼠脑可见大片密集成巢状生长, 色深、大小不一、有核分裂的肿瘤细胞, 随着肿瘤生长时间的增加, 肿瘤细胞的密度加大。未光动力学治疗组的病理表现与上相同。光动力治疗后可见肿瘤细胞变性、色变淡、细胞密度减少, 脑组织水肿及毛细血管扩张, 程度与光敏剂HPPH的剂量有关, HPPH 0.15 mg/kg-PDT较差一些、而HPPH 0.30、0.45 mg/kg-PDT 较明显、有的只有少量的肿瘤细胞, 仅可见正常脑神经元细胞及胶质细胞;而HPD-PDT后的脑肿瘤细胞变性程度较HPPH-PDT更差一些, 标本中仍可见较多的肿瘤细胞。结论: 磁共振增强、DWI技术能在无创情况下动态观察接种C6脑胶质瘤后大鼠脑组织内胶质瘤的生长情况, 了解肿瘤细胞的凋亡情况以及肿瘤细胞密集区域, 测量肿瘤肿块大小。 HPPH-PDT能治疗大鼠C6脑胶质瘤移植瘤, 光敏剂剂量以 HPPH 0.30 mg/kg较佳。HPPH-PDT疗效优于HPD-PDT。