Rat behavior in go/no-go and two-alternative choice odor discrimination: Differences and similarities.

To elucidate the cognitive structures of animals, neuroscientists use several behavioral tasks. Therefore, it is imperative to have a firm understanding of each task's behavioral parameters in order to parse out possible task effects. We compare two operant discrimination tasks (Go/No-Go: GNG; Two-Alternative Choice: TAC) that are commonly used in olfactory research. Past research has suggested that solving the two tasks requires divergent cognitive strategies. One hypothesis is that the two tasks differ in how an animal optimizes reward rate by means of a speed–accuracy trade-off (SAT). If this is true, then changing tasks could give researchers an additional tool to understand animal cognition. However, no study has systematically analyzed the two tasks in parallel using odor stimuli. Using standardized training protocols, we test GNG and TAC in parallel. Our protocols allow us to isolate the stimulus sampling period from a general reaction time period. We find that the two tasks do not differ with regard to the stimulus sampling period and conclude that the two tasks do not differ in the amount of time it takes an animal to perform a discrimination. Instead, tasks differ in the time it takes to make an overt behavioral response, with GNG showing shorter periods than TAC. We also find no evidence of rats using either task-specific or intertrial interval-dependent SAT schema in order to optimize reward rate. We show that similarities between dependent variables, with the possible exception of response delay, appear to be under experimenter control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

±500kV直流输电线路耐雷性能研究

直流架空输电线路的耐雷特性不同于交流系统,特高压直流输电线路杆塔高、跨度大,且工作电压幅值、极性不变,使得雷击直流高压输电线路的概率增大,有必要对直流架空输电线路耐雷性能进行研究。针对近年来葛南±500 kV直流输电线路多发的雷击故障,以葛南±500 kV直流单、双回架空输电线路为工程背景,采用ATP-EMTP和电气几何模型法分别对线路的反击和绕击耐雷性能进行了仿真计算研究,并与交流输电线路耐雷性能进行了分析比较。研究表明:±500 kV直流输电线路的雷电绕击跳闸率远高于反击跳闸率;工作电压对雷电先导发展、建弧率以及导线绕击距的影响比交流更大,使得直流输电线路正极性导线的雷击跳闸率高于负极性。     

渠首水位实时调控模型——以船行灌区一支渠为例

很多大中型灌区在输配水过程中存在水位衔接不当的问题,加之田面高程存在起伏,使得灌溉时往往存在部分田面不能上水或受淹等问题。本文提出了空间灌溉率的概念,并利用GIS的三维分析功能研究了其与渠道渠首水位之间的关系。分析表明,空间灌溉率与渠首水位之间的关系符合Logistic曲线;针对船行灌区一支渠,得到该Logistic曲线的参数,并确定了一支渠渠首和干渠渠首不同空间灌溉率所需的水位,为灌区水位实时调控提供基础数据。     

薛荔籽果胶对去势雌性大鼠矿物质吸收的影响

目的:探讨薛荔籽果胶对去势雌性大鼠矿物质吸收的影响。方法:将30只SD成年雌鼠随机分为5组。4组大鼠做双侧卵巢切除手术,一周后分为空白组和薛荔籽果胶高、中、低剂量组;用伪切除同龄大鼠作对照(Sham组)。喂养4周后解剖,测定盲肠内容物pH值、短链脂肪酸、骨钙、骨磷含量及矿物质元素的表观吸收等指标。结果:去势雌性大鼠对钙、镁、磷、锌和铁元素的表观吸收率及骨钙和骨磷含量显著低于正常大鼠(P<0.05)。薛荔籽果胶能显著增加去势雌性大鼠短链脂肪酸含量和盲肠面积(P<0.05),降低盲肠pH值,并且在一定程度上抑制钙、镁、磷、锌和铁元素的表观吸收率。结论:薛荔籽果胶能降低去势雌性大鼠矿物质的表观吸收率。     

酸土环脂芽孢杆菌的鼠源多克隆抗体制备及纯化

以耐热菌标准菌株(Aliyclobacillus acidoterrestris)为抗原,通过背部肌肉注射免疫SD大鼠,取血制备免疫血清,再通过饱和硫酸铵沉淀法和ProtainG亲和层析纯化制备耐热菌鼠源多克隆抗体,经测定抗体效价达到1:12800。经SDS-PAGE鉴定抗体为IgG,纯化效果好,与食源性常见菌无交叉反应,证明特异性良好。本研究首次建立了耐热菌鼠源多克隆抗体的制备及纯化方法,为耐热菌的酶联免疫检测研究提供了基础。     

精密卧式加工中心回转工作台的设计

以HMS63型卧式加工中心鼠牙盘式回转工作台的设计为例,讲述鼠牙盘式回转工作台的设计过程。详细阐述了鼠牙盘式回转工作台的工作原理、结构以及相关的理论计算。通过对机床样机测试结果,证明该鼠牙盘式回转工作台的结构设计是合理的、设计方法是切实可行的。     

Involvement of the adrenal glands and testis in gap junction formation via testosterone within the male rat anterior pituitary gland

We investigated the influence of testicular and adrenal androgens on the presence of gap junctions between folliculo‐stellate cells in the anterior pituitary glands of 60‐day‐old Wistar‐Imamichi strain male rats. The animals were separated into six groups: Group A served as the controls and had free access to a normal diet and water, Group B was given a normal diet and 0.9% NaCl for their drinking water as the controls of adrenalectomized groups, Group C was castrated, Group D was adrenalectomized, Group E was both castrated and adrenalectomized, and Group F was also both castrated and adrenalectomized. In addition, the animals of Group F were administered a dose of testosterone that is known to produce high physiological levels of the hormones in plasma. Five rats from each group were sacrificed 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after their respective operation, and the anterior pituitary glands were removed and prepared for observation by transmission electron microscopy. We quantified the number of follicles and gap junctions and calculated the rate of occurrence as the ratio of the number of gap junctions existing between folliculo‐stellate cells per intersected follicle profile. Simultaneous removal of adrenal glands with castration resulted in a significantly decrease in the number of gap junctions, whereas the administration of testosterone to these rats compensated for this change. These observations indicate that the preservation of gap junctions between folliculo‐stellate cells is mainly dependent on androgens from both the testes and adrenal glands in adult male rats. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

利肾丸对阿霉素致大鼠肾病模型的作用

目的研究利肾丸对阿霉素所致肾病模型大鼠的影响,探讨利。肾丸药效及其治疗原发性肾病综合征的作用机制。方法用阿霉素致肾病模型大鼠为实验对象,以大鼠一般情况、24h尿微量白蛋白、血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、肾脏指数为指标,全面考察利肾丸对阿霉素所导致的肾病模型作用。结果利肾丸[0．1,0．3,1．0g／（kg·d）,ig],能明显减少阿霉素型肾病模型大鼠的尿蛋白和血清中尿素氮含量,改善低蛋白血症,降低血胆固醇、甘油蔓酯和肾脏指数。结论利肾丸对阿霉素所致的肾病有明显的改善作用。     

鮟鱇鱼骨多糖对去卵巢肥胖大鼠血脂的作用

目的:研究鮟鱇鱼骨多糖对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松的作用,以确定鮟鱇鱼加工下脚料的使用价值,为进一步利用这一资源奠定基础。方法:通过切除大鼠双侧卵巢,建立去卵巢肥胖的动物模型;灌胃鮟鱇鱼骨多糖后处死大鼠,检测大鼠体重及脏器系数的变化情况,测定血清总胆固醇,甘油三酯,高密度脂蛋白,低密度脂蛋白的水平。结果:各给药组大鼠体重增长缓慢。总胆固醇,甘油三酯,低密度脂蛋白及动脉硬化指数手术组明显高于假手术组,鱼骨多糖组明显低于模型组。高密度脂蛋白和抗动脉硬化指数手术组显著低于假手术组,鱼骨多糖组显著高于模型组。各给药组大鼠肝脏、脂肪系数在不同程度上均低于模型组。结论:鮟鱇鱼骨多糖能明显抑制去卵巢大鼠体重的增加,降低血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白,增加高密度脂蛋白,是一种很好的保健材料。