Assessment of DNA damage in coal open-cast mining workers using the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus test and the comet assay

Coal mining is one of the most important causes of environmental pollution, as large quantities of coal dust particles are emitted. Colombia-South America has large natural coal reserves and “El Cerrejón” is the world's largest open-cast mine located in the northern department of Guajira. The aim of the present study was to evaluate genotoxic effects in a population exposed to coal residues from the open-cast mine “El Cerrejón”. 100 exposed workers and 100 non-exposed control individuals were included in this study. The exposed group was divided according to different mining area activities: (i). Transport of extracted coal, (ii). Equipment field maintenance, (iii). Coal stripping and, (iv). Coal embarking. Blood samples were taken to investigate biomarkers of genotoxicity, specifically, primary DNA damage as damage index (DI), tail length and% of tail DNA using the Comet assay (alkaline version) and chromosome damage as micronucleus (MN) frequency in lymphocytes. Both biomarkers showed statistically significantly higher values in the exposed group compared to the non-exposed control group. No difference was observed between the exposed groups executing different mining activities. These results indicate that exposure to coal mining residues may result in an increased genotoxic exposure in coal mining workers. We did not find a correlation between age, alcohol consumption and service time with the biomarkers of genotoxicity. Our results are the first data of genotoxic effects induced by coal mining exposure in Colombia, and thus, contribute to the exploration of test batteries use for monitoring of exposed populations and may stimulate designing control, hygiene and prevention strategies for occupational health risk assessment in developing countries.     

混流泵内压力脉动测量与分析

以比转速为336的某导叶式混流泵为例,沿流体流动方向在泵进口、叶轮出口、导叶出口、泵出口4个位置设置监测点,对比了0.6Q_d、0.8Q_d、Q_d、1.2Q_d、1.4Q_d(Q_d为设计流量)5种工况下的压力脉动情况。结果表明,泵进口和泵出口压力脉动幅值较低,导叶进口处脉动幅值最高,且小流量工况较大流量工况脉动剧烈,小流量工况下,泵内运行不稳定,出现回流、漩涡等,引起复杂、无规律的压力脉动;各工况下,泵进口处在叶频到7倍轴频范围内均出现了较为紊乱的脉动;与设计工况相比,非设计工况的脉动情况更为复杂。     

南昌市主要气候要素变化特征及其预测

基于南昌市1951~2015年逐月降水和平均气温数据,借助不均匀系数、集中度分析降水年内分配特征,采用5年滑动均值法、Mann-Kendall分析法、Morlet小波变换法及R/S分析法等探讨了降水量和气温的趋势性、突变性和周期性,并预测了序列未来的演变趋势。结果表明,南昌市年降水量年内呈单峰分布,最大降水量出现在5月30日,总体呈不显著增加变化,1955、1992、2000年发生突变,存在22年的主周期及4年的次周期,降水未来将持续增加;南昌市年内温差大,月平均气温极值比为5.57,年平均气温总体呈显著上升变化,在1997年发生突变,存在23年的主周期及17、4年的次周期,年平均气温未来将呈继续显著上升变化趋势。     

一种基于信息扩散理论的降雨空间插值方法

根据有限的雨量站观测资料进行空间插值是获取精确降雨空间分布信息的有效手段,基于信息扩散理论,建立了一种降雨量空间插值方法,并分别采用窗宽经验公式法、最优窗宽迭代法和粒子群优化3种算法对信息扩散函数中窗宽这一关键参数进行估计。以浙江省临安市雨量站月降雨量的插值计算为例,将3种算法应用于月降雨量资料的插值计算中,并将其插值效果与普通克里金方法进行比较。结果表明,使用粒子群优化算法估计窗宽参数的信息扩散函数插值方法显著优于其他方法,经验公式估计窗宽参数的信息扩散函数插值方法与普通克里金方法插值效果相当,使用最优窗宽迭代估计窗宽参数的信息扩散函数插值效果最差。     

黑龙江省农垦建三江管理局区域农业水资源系统恢复力研究

为研究黑龙江省农垦建三江管理局区域农业水资源系统恢复力,运用可变模糊优选模型研究了其下属15个农场的水资源系统恢复力,分析了水资源、社会、经济以及生态环境四个子系统对农业水资源系统恢复力的影响机制,并利用ArcGIS绘制农业水资源系统恢复力等级空间分布图。结果显示建三江管理局农业水资源系统恢复力自西南向东北逐渐增强;其中洪河农场农业水资源系统恢复力最强,勤得利农场次之,创业、前锋、二道河、浓江农场农业水资源系统恢复力一般,其余9个农场农业水资源系统恢复力最弱。研究结果对建三江管理局农业水资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。     

基于山坡Pe'clet数推求土壤水蓄水容量

山坡几何形状影响流域水流汇聚,土壤厚度则影响径流生成,在水文过程模拟中考虑山坡地貌因素十分必要。基于山坡单元,通过研究水文相似因子山坡Pe'clet数(Pe数)在不同流域空间分布的规律,发现山坡Pe数的累积分布曲线与流域蓄水容量曲线类似,由此确定两者之间的关系式。实例验证表明,利用山坡Pe数推求流域土壤水蓄水容量的方法可行。利用关系式反推新安江模型中的参数B,对比率定参数B的径流模拟结果与推求参数B的径流模拟结果表明,推求参数B的模拟结果整体较好,避免了新安江模型中参数B的率定,进一步验证了该方法的合理可行性。     

Gauging food and nutritional care quality in hospitals

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Food and nutritional care quality must be assessed and scored, so as to improve health institution efficacy. This study aimed to detect and compare actions related to food and nutritional care quality in public and private hospitals. METHODS: Investigation of the Hospital Food and Nutrition Service (HFNS) of 37 hospitals by means of structured interviews assessing two quality control corpora, namely nutritional care quality (NCQ) and hospital food service quality (FSQ). HFNS was also evaluated with respect to human resources per hospital bed and per produced meal. RESULTS: Comparison between public and private institutions revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the number of hospital beds per HFNS staff member (p = 0.02) and per dietitian (p < 0.01). The mean compliance with NCQ criteria in public and private institutions was 51.8% and 41.6%, respectively. The percentage of public and private health institutions in conformity with FSQ criteria was 42.4% and 49.1%, respectively. Most of the actions comprising each corpus, NCQ and FSQ, varied considerably between the two types of institution. NCQ was positively influenced by hospital type (general) and presence of a clinical dietitian. FSQ was affected by institution size: large and medium-sized hospitals were significantly better than small ones. CONCLUSIONS: Food and nutritional care in hospital is still incipient, and actions concerning both nutritional care and food service take place on an irregular basis. It is clear that the design of food and nutritional care in hospital indicators is mandatory, and that guidelines for the development of actions as well as qualification and assessment of nutritional care are urgent.     

Defects in CVDZnS

Defects seriously influence the optical properties and mechanical properties of CVDZnS.The deposition technique was introduced and experiment methods such as SEM,TEM and OM were adopted to study the defects:hexagonal phase,abnormally large grains,micro-cracks,micro-pores and impurities.The microstructures of these defects were observed,and the formation mechanisms of these defects were analyzed.Hexagonal ZnS as an impurity causes anisotropy in different directions with different refraction indexes and increases the scattering of CVDZnS.Increasing the deposition temperature can inhibit the formation of the hexagonal phase.The main reason for the growth of abnormally large grains in CVDZnS is high deposition rate.The lower deposition temperature increases growth stress in CVDZnS,which consequently results in the bowing of CVDZnS plates,and introduces microscopic defects such as grain blending and micro-cracks in the crystal.Micro-pores and impurities are induced by high reactant concentration in the local deposition chamber,which can be avoided by improving the gas flowing so as to make the concentration more uniform.     

降低轧棉和纺纱工序中杂质的模块化解决方案

杂质分离器是一种有效的降低纤维杂质的工具。搭配几种灵敏感应器模块的系统能有效地检测和去除几类杂质。这样的系统也可成功地用于轧棉工序。