迎接云电视时代

云电视作为新一代广播网络智能型电视,可实现影音享受、新型家庭网关海量信息服务,将推动广电等运营商终端产品的再次革命。对云电视的产生背景、云电视的相关标准、产业近况以及云电视的硬件配置、软件包、基本接口和重要附件情况作了阐述。     

LNG低压输送泵的安装

江苏LNG接收站是中石油投建的首个LNG接收站,低压输送泵采用美国EBARA公司的产品,文章介绍了该低压输送泵的安装环境和安装难点,详细说明了对于配有底阀的深井潜液泵的安装步骤以及需要记录的关键数据,提出了安装过程中的注意点.     

锅炉及压力容器焊接接头外观质量检验浅析

焊接接头外观质量检查是非常重要的,是检验内部缺陷的工作前提,也是保证设备质量及安全使用的一个重要环节。     

Trichoderma: a potential bioremediator for environmental clean up

Environmental awareness has resulted in development of regulatory measures that aim to straighten past mistakes and protect the environment from future contamination and exploitation. However, much consideration and research needs to go into the decision-making process for an effective clean up of a particular contaminated site. Each technology developed has its advantages and limitations for the treatment of specific contaminants. Bioremediation and phytoremediation in association with microbes are innovative technologies having a potential to alleviate numerous environmental pollution problems. Owing to its dominant presence in contaminated sites, the application of the fungi in bioremediation is well documented. The genus Trichoderma is genetically very diverse with a number of capabilities among different strains with agricultural and industrial significance. It is also tolerant to a range of recalcitrant pollutants including heavy metals, pesticides, and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. This review presents an updated overview of application of Trichoderma for biological or phytobial remediation of environmental contaminants.     

Combination of natural antimicrobials and sodium dodecyl sulfate for disruption of biofilms formed by contaminant bacteria isolated from sugarcane mills

Bacterial contamination is found during ethanol production in the form of biofilms, which can decrease ethanol yield by 30%. Carvacrol, nisin, and hops extract, alone and in combination with SDS, were tested against planktonic and preformed biofilms of Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and/or Leuconostoc mesenteroides. MICs of carvacrol, nisin, hops extract and SDS were 250, 30, 5 and 37.5 mg/L, respectively, against all bacteria. Synergism between SDS and carvacrol (FIC_index = 0.125), and SDS and nisin (FIC_index = 0.25) was also found against all bacteria. Bacterial viability within biofilms and removal of biomass were indirectly measured using MTT and crystal violet methods, respectively. Metabolic activity of biofilms was inhibited up to 92% with nisin + SDS, while carvacrol + SDS could remove 82% of the biomass. Thus, combined use of these antimicrobials and SDS may provide an effective method for cleaning equipment of ethanol plants and prevent formation of biofilms.     

TGF-β1 Protection against Aβ1–42-Induced Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration in Rats

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, a cytokine that can be expressed in the brain, is a key regulator of the brain’s responses to injury and inflammation. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, involves inflammatory processes in the brain in addition to the hallmarks, amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Recently, we have shown that T-helper (Th) 17 cells, a subpopulation of CD4⁺ T-cells with high proinflammation, also participate in the brain inflammatory process of AD. However, it is poorly known whether TGF-β1 ameliorates the lymphocyte-mediated neuroinflammation and, thereby, alleviates neurodegeneration in AD. Herein, we administered TGF-β1 via the intracerebroventricle (ICV) in AD model rats, by Aβ_1–42 injection in both sides of the hippocampus, to show the neuroprotection of TGF-β1. The TGF-β1 administration after the Aβ_1–42 injection ameliorated cognitive deficit and neuronal loss and apoptosis, reduced amyloid precursor protein (APP) expression, elevated protein phosphatase (PP)2A expression, attenuated glial activation and alleviated the imbalance of the pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory responses of T-lymphocytes, compared to the Aβ_1–42 injection alone. These findings demonstrate that TGF-β1 provides protection against AD neurodegeneration and suggest that the TGF-β1 neuroprotection is implemented by the alleviation of glial and T-cell-mediated neuroinflammation.     

A New Extraction Method for the Determination of Oxytocin in Milk by Enzyme Immune Assay or High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Validation by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry

There has been a controversy regarding the use of exogenous oxytocin (OT) in milking cattle which may have toxicological consequences during nonphysiological exposure. In the present study, a new sensitive extraction method for OT was developed followed by enzyme immune assay (EIA) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The extraction of OT in milk involves two steps: (1) TCA precipitation of milk proteins and (2) solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup process. Without these steps, analysis of OT in milk was not possible. Utilizing EIA as a quantitative tool the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were found to be 7.74 and 10.3 pg?ml^?1, precision in terms of intra- and interday coefficient of variation was below 13 % (%RSD, N?=?8), while percent recoveries were between 85 and 92 %. Utilizing UV-HPLC, the LOD, LOQ, precision, and recovery values were found to be 4.1 ng?ml^?1, 9.8 ng?ml^?1, 2–10 %, and 84–91 %, respectively. OT was found to be stable against adverse temperature (up to 100 °C) and pH (2 to 10) and simulated gastric fluid digestibility assay. Four milk samples collected from the market were analyzed, which showed that TCA precipitation and SPE steps are mandatory and the results were validated by LC-MS showing mass ion peak at 1 kD.     

Patulin in apple juices: Incidence and likely intake in an Indian population

The quality and safety of Ayurvedic formulations has become a serious issue, as this Indian system of medicine is used by 80% of the Indian population. Hence, the present study was performed to evaluate heavy metals contents by flame atomic absorbance spectroscopy (AAS) measurements and confirmation by inductive coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). A total of 78 formulations (56 herbal, 19 herbometallic and 3 metallic) were sampled. In herbal formulations, lead in 19.6% (11/56), cadmium in 21.4% (12/56), mercury and arsenic in 5.3% (3/56) were above the limit. Lead in 52.6% (10/19) of samples, cadmium in 26.3% (5/19) and mercury and arsenic contained in one herbometallic sample was above the limit. Heavy metals in all metal formulations were above the WHO limit. Significant batch variation was observed. The analytical results of flame AAS and ICP-MS did not differ significantly in the range of measurements in this study, which proves that both methods are satisfactory for estimation of heavy metals in these type of samples.     

用小波分析提取电压闪变的幅值调制信号

正确评价闪变污染程度并进行有效治理需要计算电压闪变的幅值调制信号。传统的检测法用FFT算法分析稳态调幅波,不能分析幅值时变的闪变信号。小波变换能够提取时变的调幅波,但已有的方法需要(拟)同步信号,在电压信号存在其它波形干扰时会引入较大误差。文中提出了一种直接利用采样电压信号,基于周期小波变换的闪变电压包络线检测方法。经过仿真算例验证,这种方法误差小、适应性强,能满足工程应用要求。     

Bioremediation potential of genus Portulaca L. collected from industrial areas in Vadodara, Gujarat, India

During the present study, two species of Portulaca, i.e., P. tuberosa and P. oleracea were collected from two field sites in Vadodara, Gujarat, India; one irrigated with industrial effluent and other with tube well water, and were analyzed for heavy metal accumulation in different plant parts viz., roots, stem, leaves, and flowers. Plants collected from effluent irrigated areas showed high accumulation of all the investigated heavy metals in all plant parts with the maximum being in roots and the least in flowers. Interestingly, both species of Portulaca demonstrated hyperaccumulation of multiple elements viz., Cu, Ni, Hg, and Pb. The total shoot concentrations (μg g⁻¹ dw) of Cu, Ni, Hg, and Pb in P. tuberosa were 1538, 1191, 789, and 2744, respectively, while in P. oleracea, these were 1940, 1542, 534, and 2312, respectively. Besides this, selective hyperaccumulation of Se (2,327 μg g⁻¹ dw) and Al (1,164 μg g⁻¹ dw) was shown by P. tuberosa and P. oleracea, respectively. Total shoot concentrations (μg g⁻¹ dw) of Mo were about 399 and 668 in P. tuberosa and P. oleracea, respectively. Overall, P. oleracea accumulated higher amounts of multiple metals from industrial effluent contaminated site, hence appears to be a suitable candidate for phytoremediation purposes of metal contaminated areas.