Substituent effects on thermal and photo‐alignment behavior of poly(ethylene imine)s carrying azobenzene side groups

A new class of liquid‐crystalline poly(ethylene imine)s (PEIs) having four differently substituted (? CN,? C₄H₉,? OCH₃ and? NO₂) azobenzene side‐chain groups attached through alkyl spacer groups were successfully synthesized using a solution polycondensation reaction. The synthesized polymers were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The photochemical, thermo‐optical and photo‐orientational behavior of the polymers were investigated in detail. Spin‐coated films of PEIs with azobenzene groups having? C₄H₉,? OCH₃ and? NO₂ substituents showed out‐of‐plane molecular orientation on annealing. Except for the PEI with an azobenzene group having ? NO₂ substituent, all polymers exhibited good photoresponsive properties upon irradiation with UV and visible light. Films of PEIs with azobenzene side groups having? CN,? C₄H₉ and? OCH₃ substituents showed reversible alignment behavior from random state to out‐of‐plane and from out‐of‐plane to random state on annealing and on irradiation with UV and non‐polarized visible light. The reversibility of the molecular orientation of PEIs from random state to out‐of‐plane and from out‐of‐plane to random state greatly depended on the substituent attached to the azobenzene side‐chain group. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Determination of translucent content in mangosteen by means of near infrared transmittance

Translucent flesh disorder is undesirable in mangosteen meant for export. However, mangosteens are judged as translucent when the translucent flesh is visible on the pulp surface regardless of the quantity of the internal translucent flesh which may result in some mangosteen assessed as normal having the same amount of translucent flesh content as a mangosteen judged as translucent. The critical amount of translucent flesh to be visible on the pulp surface needs to be determined for assessment purposes. A non-destructive technique to measure the translucent content is a practical tool as the first step towards the establishment of the critical value.A non-destructive model was developed to estimate the translucent content in mangosteens using near infrared transmittance. The translucent area of the flesh section on the fruit surface was used to indicate the translucent content. The effects of the orientation of the fruit and also of the light source to the relative position of the detector as well as the effect of the measurement position of the fruit on the predictive performance were examined. The results showed that the best partial least squares model was achieved with spectra acquired from the fruit position which revealed the largest flesh segment (prediction correlation coefficient was 0.86 and root mean square error of prediction was 7.58%). The horizontal stem-calyx fruit axis and a 135° angle from the light source relative to the detector were the optimal fruit orientation and configuration for measurement.     

Preparation and orientation behavior of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes grafted with a side‐chain azobenzene liquid crystalline polymer

Covalent functionalization of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with side‐chain azobenzene liquid crystalline poly{6‐[4‐(4‐methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate} (PMMAZO) was successfully achieved via atom transfer radical polymerization. The resultant samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy show that the liquid crystalline behavior of PMMAZO‐functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT‐PMMAZO) is similar to that of the PMMAZO homopolymer. The orientation of MWNTs and CNT‐PMMAZO in a PMMAZO matrix in the presence of an electric field was investigated. The results indicate that the orientation of MWNTs is dominated by the viscosity of the matrix, but the orientation of CNT‐PMMAZO is controlled by both the viscosity and the presence of a liquid crystalline phase ascribed to the compatibility between MWNTs and PMMAZO becoming better after covalent modification. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Study on the preferred orientations of nearly cubic PZT particles synthesized by hydrothermal methods using TiCl3 reagent

Various parameters such as gel composition, aging, organic additive, and heating method affected the preferred orientation of nearly cubic PZT particles that were prepared by hydrothermal methods using TiCl₃ as a Ti³⁺ source, at relatively low temperatures of 100-140 °C. The newly found synthetic conditions could be used to develop specially orientated PZT particles, which may be useful in growing oriented films, for example, by electrophoretic deposition.     

空间固体润滑材料的研究现状

固体润滑材料以其蒸发率低、耐高低温、抗辐照、耐腐蚀等优点在工作于空间苛刻环境中的器械上得到了广泛的应用。综述了目前常用的层状结构物、软金属、聚合物、无机化合物和复合材料5类固体润滑材料的摩擦学特性、制备工艺和应用情况,指出了我国在空间固体润滑材料研究领域与国外先进水平的主要差距和今后的研究方向。     

基于兴趣取向矩阵的夹钳构型优选设计研究

为了满足客户对夹持机构性能的不同需求,并使系统能够对不同构型的夹钳性能做出评判与决策,以模糊层次分析法为基础,建立夹钳机构综合性能评价指标体系,构造了夹钳不同性能取向矩阵,并引入产品性能综合性能指数,提出了在用户性能要求已知的情况下模型优选的新方法.以现有的4种夹钳结构为例, 针对不同客户的性能需求,通过综合性能指数计算验证了此方法的可行性.     

O2/Ar气体流量比对射频磁控溅射HfO2薄膜的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法,以HfO2陶瓷作为靶材,在石英衬底上制备了HfO2薄膜.通过椭圆偏振光谱仪(SE)、X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)研究了不同O2/Ar气体流量比对薄膜沉积速率、结构、形貌等的影响.结果表明,随着O2/Ar气体流量比从0增加到0.50,薄膜的沉积速率逐渐下降.O2/Ar气体...     

基于交联聚芳醚体系的新型二阶非线性光学材料的研究

采用逐步聚合和后功能化方法,合成了可交联的新型二阶非线性光学聚芳醚体系,该聚合物具有优良的溶解性和成膜性。采用UV-Vis光谱研究了聚合物薄膜中挂接的蒽基团与N,N-（亚甲基二苯基）双马来酰亚胺交联剂之间的Diels-Alder（DA）交联过程,结果表明聚芳醚薄膜在110℃时,15min能够交联完全。将发色团Chro-1掺杂到聚合物中,加入交联剂通过旋转涂膜,研究交联体系的二阶非线性光学性质,当发色团浓度为10%（质量分数）时,采用简单反射法测量聚合物薄膜电光系数r33为6.5pm/V（1.31μm）,并测得常温下取向稳定性,10d后电光系数能够保持在初始值85%。     

实践教学的定位及其体系构建

我国高等教育培养的人才实践能力差已是不争的事实。对实践教学定位或对实践教学与理论教学关系理解的偏差,严重制约着实践教学质量的提高。实践教学与理论教学的关系应该是＂共同目标,共同平台,相互支撑,相互渗透,相互转化＂的关系。基于此认识,提出了构建实践教学体系的原则。以工科为例构建的实践教学内容体系,充分体现了实践教学与理论教学的正确关系,遵循实践认知规律,明确了以专业现代技术应用与开发为主线贯穿实践教学体系的始终,采取了分阶段、分层次逐步深化的体系结构。提出的实践教学大纲制定原则体现了对实践教学定位的认识和体系的要求。     

电泳沉积壳聚糖的微观机理探究

电沉积生物大分子及矿物质膜构建生物材料功能表面的技术越来越受到青睐,在电泳沉积壳聚糖（CS）以获得纳米结构表面时,通过寻找到高定向裂解石墨这一具有原子级平整表面的导电材料作为阴极,排除了金属阴极表面的不平整对电沉积CS的影响,初步探讨了CS电沉积的本身特性及微观机理。采用SEM、TEM、AFM和XRD等表征手段对沉积物表面进行了分析。结果表明经过电泳沉积,CS的（110）晶面结晶峰明显提高,CS的微观结构具有3个层次的定向排列：薄层中的纳米级的分子聚集体的平行排列并组成长条状;这些微米级的长条状结构的平行排列且之间存在的＂桥接＂结构和沉积物较厚时存在于沉积物表面的微米级的花簇状排列。这也是首次寻找到电泳初始阶段的CS分子聚集体的平行排列和沉积时间较长得到的花簇状结构的生长模式和表面特征。