Colloidal processing of Al2O3-doped zirconia ceramics with CaO–P2O5–SiO2 glass as additive

Well-dispersed concentrated aqueous suspensions of Al₂O₃-doped Y-TZP (AY-TZP), AY-TZP with 5.4 vol% of CaO–P₂O₅–SiO₂ (CaPSi) glass (AY-TZP5) and 10.5 vol% CaPSi glass (AY-TZP10), with ammonium polyacrylate (NH₄PA) dispersant were prepared to produce slip cast compacts. The rheological properties of 35 and 40 vol% slips were studied. The densification, microstructure as well as hardness and fracture toughness were investigated as a function of CaPSi glass content at 1300°C-1500°C. The optimum NH₄PA concentration of 35 vol% AY-TZP5 and AY-TZP10 slips at pH ~9 was found to be about 43% and 67% greater than that of AY-TZP slips; this behavior was related to the greater amounts of Ca²⁺ ions leached out from the CaPSi glass surface. The viscosity of stabilized 40 vol% slips with NH₄PA attained a minimum value at 5.4 vol% CaPSi glass addition, and resulted in a more dense packing of cast samples. AY-TZP5 can be sintered at a lower temperature (1300°C) compared to that of AY-TZP. AY-TZP5 exhibited a fine microstructure of tetragonal ZrO₂ (grain sizes below 0.3 µm), and ZrSiO₄–Ca₂P₂O₇ particles homogeneously distributed within the zirconia matrix. It presented similar fracture toughness and a slightly lower hardness compared to those of AY-TZP.     

On the Modification of Hydration Resistance of CaO with ZrO2 Additive

Various ZrO₂/CaO samples were fabricated by cold isostatic pressing and sintered at 1750°C for 4 h. It was observed that the sample with 12% ZrO₂ additive possessed the good hydration resistance and had the lowest apparent porosity of about 0.75%; its weight additive stored after 56 days was less than 0.6 wt%, and it contributed to the occurrence of CaZrO₃ on the surface of CaO. The CaO crucible with 12 mol% ZrO₂ additive did not react with titanium melt during melting TiNi alloy. This provides a support for searching a new refractory with the good hydration resistance for induction melting titanium alloys.     

钙铝比对11.3CaO·7Al2O3微观结构及其溶出性能的影响

通过高温烧结法在不同钙铝比（C/A）的条件下合成了铝酸钙熟料。利用XRD对不同C/A下合成产物进行物相分析,对含量进行半定量分析,并计算其晶格常数。采用SEM观察不同C/A下合成产物的显微结构,并通过EDS佐证所得物相;最后研究了不同C/A下氧化铝的溶出性能。结果表明：当C/A<1.6时得到的产物为CaO·Al₂O₃和11.3CaO·7Al₂O₃（C_11.3A₇）,且随着C/A的增大,C_11.3A₇的含量增高,氧化铝的溶出率提高;当C/A＝1.6时得到的产物只有C_11.3A₇,溶出率达到最大;当C/A>1.6时由于3CaO·Al₂O₃的形成,溶出率有所降低。C_11.3A₇晶格中CaO的缺失,促进了溶出反应的进行。     

CaO对神木烟煤煤焦-CO_2催化气化反应性及动力学影响研究

在常压、850℃-1 000℃气化温度、固定床上,研究了催化剂CaO含量对神木烟煤煤焦-CO2气化反应的影响,通过改进随机核化模型来计算煤焦气化动力学参数。实验表明:CaO的存在对煤焦-CO2气化反应有明显的催化作用。在850℃-950℃气化温度下,CaO质量分数在15%左右催化效果最好;在1 000℃气化温度下,CaO质量分数在20%左右催化效果最好;添加了催化剂的煤焦样品,指前因子和活化能之间存在一定的补偿效应。     

基于化学链燃烧的合成氨原料气脱碳过程的研究

基于化学链燃烧的原理,利用固定床反应器,以铁触媒为催化剂和载氧剂,CaO为吸附剂,研究了化学链燃烧法净化合成氨原料气的可行性。系统考察了还原阶段CaO、汽气比、温度、CaO与铁触媒质量比等因素对原料气脱碳效果的影响,以及氧化阶段温度对铁触媒氧化和CaCO3热分解效果的影响。结果表明,在还原阶段,铁触媒既是CO变换反应的催化剂又是过程的载氧剂,而吸附剂CaO的存在,不仅能快速吸附CO2,而且能有效促进CO的变换反应,同步脱除CO和CO2,且适宜的还原条件为:汽气比8.0左右、温度500～550℃、CaO与铁触媒质量比3:1。在氧化反应阶段,当操作温度为800℃时,还原态的铁触媒Fe3O4可迅速被氧化为Fe2O3,CaO可完全再生,铁触媒的氧化反应热能有效促进CaCO3的热分解。     

低温拜耳赤泥石灰法脱碱工艺优化研究

对低温拜耳赤泥石灰法脱碱工艺进行了研究,考察了钙钠比、温度、时间、液固比、脱碱浆液碱含量对脱碱率的影响,得到了优化脱碱工艺,该工艺与以往脱碱工艺相比,无需再加热、加压,实现了利用生产中赤泥自身温度而脱碱的目的,从而降低了脱碱成本,简化了生产工艺流程,对同类企业有一定的参考价值。     

凹凸棒石复合氧化钙脱硫剂脱除SO_2的试验研究

采用甘肃临泽产凹凸棒石(ATTP)与CaO复合,制成了具有吸附催化作用的脱硫剂.实验主要研究了CaO含量、脱硫剂含水率、床层温度对脱硫效率的影响.试验结果表明,CaO含量为20%～30%,脱硫荆含水率在20%-30%、床层温度为常温时,凹凸棒石基新型脱硫剂脱硫效果最好,硫容最大可达17.12%.     

Structural/texture evolution of CaO/MCM‐41 nanocatalyst by doping various amounts of cerium for active and stable catalyst: Biodiesel production from waste vegetable cooking oil

In present work, the aim of producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil was pursued by doping the cerium element into the MCM‐41 framework as catalyst with various Si/Ce molar ratio (5, 10, 25, 50, and Ce = 0). The catalytic performance and stability improved by employing the ultrasound irradiation in active phase loading step of catalyst preparation. The physicochemical characteristics of synthesized samples were investigated using various techniques as follows: Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The XRD patterns along with the results of FTIR and BET analysis revealed the MCM‐41 framework destruction while increasing the Ce content. The FESEM images of the nanocatalysts illustrated a well distribution and uniform morphology for the Ca/CeM (Si/Ce = 25). The particle size and size distribution of the Ca/CeM (Si/Ce = 25) were subsequently determined by TEM and FESEM images. The activity of fabricated nanocatalysts was evaluated by measuring the free acid methyl ester (FAME) content of produced biodiesel. The tests were carried out at constant operational conditions: T = 60°C, catalyst loading = 5 wt%, methanol/oil molar ratio = 9, and 6‐hour reaction time. A superior activity was observed for Ca/CeM (Si/Ce = 25) among other nanocatalysts with 96.8% conversion of triglycerides to biodiesel. The mentioned sample was utilized in five reaction cycles, and at the end of the fifth cycle, the conversion reached to 91.5% which demonstrated its significant stability.     

Activated Carbon Supported CaO from Waste Shells as a Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

In the wake of increasing environmental constraints, this work is aimed at developing a catalyst purely prepared from waste biomass source as the raw material. The catalyst is investigated for its applicability in transesterification of vegetable oil with the objectives: (i) to use waste shells of mollusk as raw material for the preparation of activated carbon and CaO; (ii) to use it as heterogeneous catalyst in the transesterification of waste cooking oil; (iii) to optimize the different parameters affecting the transesterification reaction; and (iv) to study its reusability. Under optimized conditions it was observed that a conversion >90% was possible and the catalyst could be reused five times with a slight loss in activity. This study indicates that the biomass source could also be used as a potential raw material in the synthesis of environmentally benign catalysts.     

CO2 capture using mesocellular siliceous foam (MCF)-supported CaO

CaO is a promising material as an alternative CO₂ capture material which can be used at high temperature. However, CaO sinters to form large particles under long-term high temperature conditions, resulting in a rapid decrease of its surface area and the capacity of CO₂ capture. Incorporating CaO into inert materials is a promising strategy to enhance the performance of CO₂ capture. This work investigated a novel composite material called mesocellular siliceous foam (MCF)-supported CaO to enhance the stability and capacity of CaO-based materials for CO₂ capture. The crystal structure, surface morphology and porosity property of the developed composite materials were investigated. Thermogravimetric measurements were carried out to study the cyclic CO₂ capture performance of the MCF-supported CaO composites. The results showed that a part of CaO reacted with the silica wall, and the formation of Ca₂SiO₄ within the MCF framework limited the presence of CaO in the mesopores, thus inhibited the sintering of CaO. The sample of MCF-3CaO exhibited a better performance of CO₂ capture and long-term stability, compared with the materials prepared with lower CaO loading. This work contributes to the development of high temperature CO₂ capture adsorbents, which can be applied for decarbonizing major industrials e.g. power plant.