超高分子量聚乙烯纤维增强中空蜂窝模压复合材料性能研究

为研制车船等壳体所用的轻质、高强复合板材,选用超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)短纤维纱,制备成单层经纬为120根/(10 cm)的平纹组织,采用多组经纱持续更替交织层的方法制成2L(1+0)型、4L(2+1)型、6L(3+2)型3种多层角联锁结构织物,采用扦插芯棒、模压成型方法制成菱形蜂窝状的热固性环氧树脂基中空板,并与2块真空吸液法制成的面板组成“三合一”复合板,同时测定了复合板材的结构特征及其平拉、平压和弯曲性能。结果表明:3种类型复合板的密度均远小于水的密度,其中6L(3+2)型最小,为0.48 g/cm³;复合板层数越多,环氧树脂越难渗透尤其是在中空板菱形交叉点处,复合板平拉、平压、抗弯曲强度则呈现递增,制成的6L(3+2)型复合板试样平压强度可达到1.03 MPa。     

Numerical study of polyethylene burning in counterflow: Effect of pyrolysis kinetics and composition of pyrolysis products

The burning behavior of polyethylene in the counterflow of oxidizing air has been studied numerically with a coupled model describing feedback heat and mass transfer between gas‐phase flame and polymeric solid fuel. A 2‐dimensional elliptic equation in axisymmetric formulation (revealing the cylindrical shape of the polymer sample used in the experiment) has been employed to simulate heat transfer in solid fuel, and a set of 1‐dimensional hyperbolic equations has been used to determine the solid‐to‐gas conversion degree of the pyrolysis reaction. Four sets of products compositions and two modifications for the kinetic parameters of solid fuel pyrolysis reaction have been taken into account. Gas‐phase formulation is presented by set of 1‐dimensional conservation equations for multi‐component flow with detailed kinetic mechanism of combustion. The profiles of temperature and species concentrations in the flame zone have been calculated and compared with the results of experimental study of combustion of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. Higher hydrocarbon composition (dodecane) has been found to show the best agreement between the temperature and species concentration profiles with the measurements, especially for the low‐level mass fractions of the by‐product components—propylene, butadiene, and benzene.     

Experimental characterization of liquid film behavior during droplets–polyethylene particle collision

Nowadays, the droplet–particle collision characteristics in the gas-phase ethylene polymerization process are still unclear. The high-speed photography and a quasi-circle imaging approach are employed to study the collision interaction characteristics between liquid droplets and polyethylene particles. The liquid film evolution is studied through variations of the film thickness on the particle north pole, the dynamic contact angle, center angle and film thickness at the maximum extension. Results have found that for n-hexane the threshold temperature of the recoil happening increases with increasing initial Weber number, but for 1-hexene it is stable. Over 70°C evaporation and splash occurs immediately. Under low Weber numbers, the water droplet stays for damping oscillations, the reference stable height of which is linearly related to temperatures. Moreover, three regimes of film thickness variation with time are identified and mathematically described, while Regime 3 characteristics are found strongly dependent on the liquid species, Weber number, and particle temperature.     

Comprehensive branching analysis of polyethylene by combined fractionation and thermal analysis

Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) differ significantly in their branching types and branching distributions. For a comprehensive analysis, preparative temperature rising elution fractionation and/or preparative molar mass fractionation are used to fractionate typical LLDPE and LDPE bulk resins into narrowly distributed fractions. The chain structures of the bulk resins and their fractions are further analysed using SEC, crystallization analysis fractionation, DSC and high‐temperature HPLC to provide detailed information on short chain branching in LLDPE and long chain branching in LDPE. For LDPE it is shown that the multiple fractionation approach is a powerful source of sample libraries that may have similar molar masses and different branching structures or alternatively similar branching but different molar masses. The analysis of these library samples by thermal analysis provides a much deeper insight into the molecular heterogeneity of the samples compared to bulk sample analysis. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Design of data feature-driven 1D/2D convolutional neural networks classifier for recycling black plastic wastes through laser spectroscopy

In this study, two types of convolutional neural network (CNN) classifiers are designed to handle the problem of classifying black plastic wastes. In particular, the black plastic wastes have the property of absorbing laser light coming from spectrometer. Therefore, the classification of black plastic wastes remains still a challenging problem compared to classifying other colored plastic wastes using existing spectroscopy (i.e., NIR). When it comes the classification problem of black plastic wastes, effective classification techniques by the laser spectroscopy of Fourier Transform-Infrared Radiation (FT-IR) with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) and Raman to analyze the classification problem of black plastic wastes are introduced. Due to the strong ability of extracting spatial features and remarkable performance in image classification, 1D and 2D CNN through data features are designed as classifiers. The technique of chemical peak points selection is considered to reduce data redundancy. Furthermore, through the selection of data features based on the extracted 1D data with peak points is introduced. Experimental results demonstrate that 2DCNN classifier designed with the help of 2D data feature selection as well as 1DCNN classifier shows the best performance compared with other reported methods for classifying black plastic wastes.     

新型钛系聚酯催化剂的催化性能研究

合成了一种应用型钛系聚酯(PET)催化剂TY,考察了在PET合成中催化剂TY对酯化时间、缩聚时间、产品性能等的影响;并与传统锑系催化剂三氧化二锑(Sb2O3)的性能进行了对比。结果表明:钛系催化剂TY不仅能缩短酯化时间和聚合时间,而且催化剂用量少、催化活性高;钛系催化剂TY用量为20~25μg/g时,催化活性最佳,催化剂TY 20~25μg/g的催化活性相当于Sb2O3350~400μg/g的催化活性;钛系催化剂合成的PET切片的特性黏数达0.683 d L/g,与锑系PET相比,色相L值提高达71.68,b值相差不大,端羧基含量及二甘醇含量降低,结晶行为及热性能相当;钛系催化剂TY适合无重金属聚酯的工业生产,工业应用性强。     

Dendrimer as nanocarrier for drug delivery

Dendrimers are novel three dimensional, hyperbranched globular nanopolymeric architectures. Attractive features like nanoscopic size, narrow polydispersity index, excellent control over molecular structure, availability of multiple functional groups at the periphery and cavities in the interior distinguish them amongst the available polymers. Applications of dendrimers in a large variety of fields have been explored. Drug delivery scientists are especially enthusiastic about possible utility of dendrimers as drug delivery tool. Terminal functionalities provide a platform for conjugation of the drug and targeting moieties. In addition, these peripheral functional groups can be employed to tailor-make the properties of dendrimers, enhancing their versatility. The present review highlights the contribution of dendrimers in the field of nanotechnology with intent to aid the researchers in exploring dendrimers in the field of drug delivery.     

Efficient loading and entrapment of tamoxifen in human serum albumin based nanoparticulate delivery system by a modified desolvation technique

Herein, the poorly water-soluble drug, Tamoxifen (Tmx), was loaded in the amphipathic matrix of human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles by a modified desolvation method. In order to enhance the drug loading (DL) and drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) (<2% and 10%, respectively), ultrasonication of Tmx-HSA mixture was performed prior to desolvation process. Tmx loading and entrapment efficiency were optimized by employment of the response surface methodology (RSM)-central composite design (CCD) of experiments. Under the optimum conditions of 1.59 mg Tmx/ml concentration, 7.76 pH and 5 h incubation of HSA-Tmx, the DL of 6.7% and DEE of 74% are achievable. Particles with the average size of 195 nm, zeta potential of −21 mV and polydispersity index of 0.09 were produced under these conditions. A more sustained Tmx release behavior was observed from polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated nanoparticles in comparison to the non-PEGylated ones. The short-term stability investigation showed no alteration in physicochemical properties of nanoparticles at 4 and 37 °C, but small increase in nanoparticles size was observed after three months of storage at room temperature. This is the first report for efficient production of a Tmx delivery system based on HSA nanoparticles.