装载机八杆机构工作装置优化设计

为了提高装载机八杆机构工作装置的铲斗平移性,介绍了一种基于ADAMS的可行且快速的优化设计方法。首先用Solidworks建立工作装置的三维模型,通过数据交换接口将该模型导入ADAMS中建立工作装置的虚拟样机模型。接着以工作装置各个铰接点的坐标为设计变量,其它设计要求为约束函数,铲斗平移性为目标函数,以此建立工作装置优化设计的数学模型。最后利用ADAMS强大的计算功能进行优化计算找出目标函数的最优解,从而使铲斗的平移性得到显著提高,为接下来工作装置的多体动力学分析奠定了模型基础。     

Microkinetic model for the pyrolysis of methyl esters: From model compound to industrial biodiesel

A tool for the generation of decomposition schemes of large molecules has been developed. These decomposition schemes contain radicals which can be eliminated from the model equations if both the μ‐hypothesis and the pseudosteady‐state approximation are valid. The reaction rate coefficients and thermodynamic parameters have been calculated by incorporating a comprehensive group additive framework. A microkinetic model for the pyrolysis of methyl esters with a carbon number of up to 19 has been generated using this tool. It is validated by comparing calculated and experimental yields of the pyrolysis of methyl decanoate and novel rapeseed methyl ester pyrolysis data in the temperature range from 800 to 1100 K and methyl ester partial pressure range from 1 × 10^?3 to 1 × 10^?2 MPa. This modeling frame work allows to not only assess the use of methyl ester mixtures as potential feedstock for olefin production but also their effect as blend‐in or trace impurity. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4309–4322, 2015     

ABCG5/G8 Deficiency in Mice Reduces Dietary Triacylglycerol and Cholesterol Transport into the Lymph

The adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter G5/G8 is critical in protecting the body from accumulating dietary plant sterols. Expressed in the liver and small intestine, it transports plant sterols into the biliary and intestinal lumens, thus promoting their excretion. The extent to which G5/G8 regulates cholesterol absorption remains unclear. G5/G8 is also implicated in reducing the absorption of dietary triacylglycerols (TAG) by unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that G5/G8 suppresses the production of chylomicrons, and its deficiency would enhance the absorption of both dietary TAG and cholesterol. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of G5/G8 deficiency on lipid uptake and secretion into the lymph under steady‐state conditions. Surprisingly, compared with wild‐type mice (WT) (n = 9), G5/G8 KO (n = 13) lymph fistula mice given a continuous intraduodenal infusion of [3H]‐TAG and [14C]‐cholesterol showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in lymphatic transport of both [³H]‐TAG and [¹⁴C]‐cholesterol, concomitant with a significant (P < 0.05) increase of [³H]‐TAG and [¹⁴C]‐cholesterol accumulated in the intestinal lumen. There was no difference in the total amount of radiolabeled lipids retained in the intestinal mucosa between the two groups. G5/G8 KO mice given a bolus of TAG showed reduced intestinal TAG secretion compared with WT, suggesting an independent role for G5/G8 in facilitating intestinal TAG transport. Our data demonstrate that G5/G8 deficiency reduces the uptake and secretion of both dietary TAG and cholesterol by the intestine, suggesting a novel role for the sterol transporter in the formation and secretion of chylomicrons.     

Absolute Configuration of β- and α-Asymmetric Carbons within β-O-4-Structures in Hardwood Lignin

In this study, we investigated the proportion of erythro- and threo-forms of β-O-4-ether structures and their enantiomeric compositions in hardwood lignin by applying the ozonation method to birch wood meal. Optical activity was not substantially observed in either the erythronic or threonic acids obtained as the ozonation products of β-O-4-structures in birch wood meal. The proportions of the four stereoisomeric forms {(αS,βR)-erythro, (αR,βR)-threo, (αS,βS)-threo, and (αR,βS)-erythro forms} were estimated to be 37-38%, 13-14%, 12-13%, and 36-37% based on the yields of erythronic and threonic acids, and on their optical activities. The proportions suggest that the entire components of β-O-4-ether structures in birch wood lignin have R- and S-configurations at the β-carbon in approximately the same quantities {(βR)-β-O-4-structure: (βS)-β-O-4-structure = 50–52:48–50}; i.e., that the β-ether structures are essentially racemic. This estimation implies that, during lignin biosynthesis, an equal number of enantiomeric forms of β-O-4-bonded quinone methides were formed by radical coupling reactions.     

8-羟基喹啉型吸附材料对重金属离子的吸附研究

以多孔型无机材料Si O2作载体,通过偶联剂γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷的媒介作用,将5-氯甲基-8羟基喹啉(CHQ)分子接枝到硅胶表面,制备新型复合型螯合吸附材料CHQ-AMPS/Si O2。研究了接枝微粒CHQ-AMPS/Si O2对废水中重金属离子Pb2+和Ni2+的吸附行为,考察了接枝微粒CHQ-AMPS/Si O2对Pb2+和Ni2+的吸附动力学曲线和等温线,研究了温度和p H对接枝微粒CHQ-AMPS/Si O2吸附Pb2+和Ni2+的影响和其可再生性能。结果发现微粒CHQ-AMPS/Si O2对于Pb2+和Ni2+的吸附最适温度分别是35℃,25℃;最适p H分别是7和6。     

两种芹菜素衍生物与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

以黄酮类化合物芹菜素（4',5,7-三羟基黄酮）为原料,利用Mannich和磺化反应先后合成了两种芹菜素衍生物Ⅰ[8-(N,N-二乙基)-亚甲基胺基-4',5,7,-三羟基黄酮]、Ⅱ[8-(N,N-二乙基)-亚甲基胺基-4',5,7,-三羟基黄酮-3'-磺酸],并对其结构进行ESI-MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR表征。利用荧光猝灭光谱、同步荧光光谱、紫外光谱法结合内滤光校正、分子对接研究了298、303、308 K时两种衍生物与人血清白蛋白（HSA）的相互作用机制。光谱法结果表明,衍生物Ⅰ、Ⅱ通过与HSA形成复合物而对HSA有荧光猝灭作用,猝灭原因是静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移,且衍生物与HSA的结合位点在HSA的亚结构域ⅡA附近,Ⅱ比Ⅰ更容易被转移和运输。热力学分析结果显示结合点数为1,且ΔH和ΔS均大于0,表明疏水作用为主要作用力。分子对接结果表明,两种衍生物与HSA均是通过疏水作用力和氢键结合于HSA的疏水空腔内,其中疏水作用为主要作用力,这与热力学结果相吻合。     

Base Modification Strategies to Modulate Immune Stimulation by an siRNA

Immune stimulation triggered by siRNAs is one of the major challenges in the development of safe RNAi‐based therapeutics. Within an immunostimulatory siRNA sequence, this hurdle is commonly addressed by using ribose modifications (e.g., 2′‐OMe or 2′‐F), which results in decreased cytokine production. However, as immune stimulation by siRNAs is a sequence‐dependent phenomenon, recognition of the nucleobases by the trigger receptor(s) is also likely. Here, we use the recently published crystal structures of Toll‐like receptor 8 (TLR8) bound to small‐molecule agonists to generate computational models for ribonucleotide binding by this immune receptor. Our modeling suggested that modification of either the Watson–Crick or Hoogsteen face of adenosine would disrupt nucleotide/TLR8 interactions. We employed chemical synthesis to alter either the Watson–Crick or Hoogsteen face of adenosine and evaluated the effect of these modifications in an siRNA guide strand by measuring the immunostimulatory and RNA interference properties. For the siRNA guide strand tested, we found that modifying the Watson–Crick face is generally more effective at blocking TNFα production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) than modification at the Hoogsteen edge. We also observed that modifications near the 5′‐end were more effective at blocking cytokine production than those placed at the 3′‐end. This work advances our understanding of how chemical modifications can be used to optimize siRNA performance.     

Recognition and Excision Properties of 8‐Halogenated‐7‐Deaza‐2′‐Deoxyguanosine as 8‐Oxo‐2′‐Deoxyguanosine Analogues and Fpg and hOGG1 Inhibitors

Cellular DNA continuously suffers various types of damage, and unrepaired damage increases disease progression risk. 8‐Oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanine (8‐oxo‐dG) is excised by repair enzymes, and their analogues are of interest as inhibitors and as bioprobes for study of these enzymes. We have developed 8‐halogenated‐7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyguanosine derivatives that resemble 8‐oxo‐dG in that they adopt the syn conformation. In this study, we investigated their effects on Fpg (formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase) and hOGG1 (human 8‐oxoguanine DNA N‐glycosylase 1). Relative to 8‐oxo‐dG, Cl‐ and Br‐deaza‐dG were good substrates for Fpg, whereas they were less efficient substrates for hOGG1. Kinetics and binding experiments indicated that, although hOGG1 effectively binds Cl‐ and Br‐deaza‐dG analogues with low K_m values, their lower k_cat values result in low glycosylase activities. The benefits of the high binding affinities and low reactivities of 8‐oxo‐dG analogues with hOGG1 have been successfully applied to the competitive inhibition of the excision of 8‐oxoguanine from duplex DNA by hOGG1.     

含偶氮苯(喹啉)结构化合物的合成、表征及发光性能

以间苯二甲酸为原料,合成了新型偶氮苯-喹啉化合物—5-(8-羟基喹啉-5-偶氮)-1,3-苯二甲酸二乙酯,通过IR、UV-vis、1H NMR对其结构和性能进行了表征,利用荧光发射光谱研究了目标化合物的发光性能。结果表明,目标化合物(2.0×10-5 mol/L的THF溶液)以311 nm光激发,在450 nm处发射蓝紫色荧光。     

井下测井仪器数据总线的研究与设计

针对井下测井仪器数据总线的数据传输及测井需求提出并设计了一个新的高速井下测井仪器数据总线方案。该方案采用1路CAN总线完成下发命令及上传小数据量测井仪器的数据,采用1路RS-485总线完成上传大数据量测井仪器的数据。所设计的RS-485总线通过在发送端采用8B/10B码、接收端采用位同步恢复技术实现了在100m非屏蔽双绞线上10 Mbit/s的高速数据传输,误码率小于1.0×10-11。通过测试,该方案在实验环境下工作稳定、可靠。利用现有器件可实现在210℃的环境温度下连续工作4h。