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41.
The pre-hydrolysis liquor (PHL) of the kraft-based dissolving pulp production process is currently sent to the recovery boiler and incinerated. However, PHL contains about 5–8% lignocelluloses that can be utilized in the production of value-added chemicals. In this study, a process for producing xylitol from hemicelluloses in PHL is developed. This process involves several acidification, neutralization, adsorption (along with reactivation) and evaporation stages. The mass balance indicates that 533 kg/h xylitol (with 99% purity), 187 kg/h lignin, 806 kg/h basic ferric acetate, and 1600 kg/h gypsum can be produced from 41,670 kg/h PHL. The energy balance shows that the evaporators are the largest consumers of energy, while the reactivation kiln, acidification, neutralization, and precipitation processes generate some heat. Overall, 41% conversion of xylose to xylitol is achieved. 相似文献
42.
利用粉煤灰合成沸石吸附重金属Cr3+,探讨吸附剂量、初始pH值以及反应温度对Cr3+吸附效果的影响,同时进行吸附等温线和吸附动力学的数据模拟。结果表明:沸石投加量、初始pH值以及反应温度均对Cr3+的去除效果影响显著。随着吸附剂投加量的不断增大,Cr3+去除效果不断提高,饱和吸附量逐渐减小。初始pH值为4时沸石吸附Cr3+的去除率为100%。反应温度的上升不利于沸石对Cr3+吸附,沸石对Cr3+的吸附效果随着反应温度的升高逐渐降低。沸石吸附Cr3+的过程符合Freundlich吸附等温式;准二级反应动力学方程能较好描述沸石对Cr3+的吸附行为。 相似文献
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以甲基丙烯酸丁酯(BMA)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)功能化的纳米SiO2为单体,通过可逆加成-断裂链转移自由基聚合(RAFT)法制备了PBMA/GMA-SiO2有机/无机复合吸附材料,并将其用于吸附含Pb2+的水溶液。考察了吸附时间、温度、pH以及Pb2+初始质量浓度对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学和热力学特性进行了探讨。结果表明,PBMA/GMA-SiO2对Pb2+具有良好的吸附性能,其对Pb2+的饱和吸附量为423.84mg/g,吸附最佳pH=5~6,平衡时间为1 h,去除率随Pb2+初始质量浓度的减小而增加。优化实验条件下,50 mg吸附剂在298 K时,对pH=6的50 mL 0.02 g/L含Pb2+溶液的去除率高达100%。热力学和动力学过程模拟结果表明,吸附的动力学过程比较符合准二级动力学速率方程,Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合于描述此吸附行为。颗粒内扩散过程是吸附速率的控制步骤,但不是唯一的速率控制步骤。吸附剂经过5次脱附、吸附后,依然具有较强吸附Pb2+的能力。 相似文献
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48.
Cyprian Y. Abasi Ezekiel D. Dikio 《The International journal of environmental studies》2019,76(3):441-455
Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were carried out on the sorption of Cd2+ on three synthesised and characterised layered double hydroxides, namely: Ni-Co-Ti, Ni-Co-La and Mn-Ni-Al-CO3. Sorption kinetics were investigated through time-dependent studies. Thermodynamics were determined by the effect of temperature on adsorption. Kinetic modelling of the adsorption of Cd(II) ions on the LDHs was determined using the first-order, pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and Elovich kinetic models, as well as additional diffusion models. The results showed that the pseudo-second-order model best correlated the adsorption data with R2 values of 1.000, 0.998 and 1.000 for NiCoTi, NiCoLa and MnNiAl-LDH respectively. Diffusion of the adsorbate was best correlated by the Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion model with R2 values of 0.9753, 0.8472 and 0.9412 for NiCoTi, NiCoLa and MnNiAl-LDH respectively. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic with a high probability of sticking. 相似文献
49.
Jagadish Chandra Roy Md. Nazrul Islam Gazi Aktaruzzaman 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2014,17(2):231-242
This paper presents the effect of NaCl on the Krafft temperature (T K), surface adsorption and bulk micellization of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) in aqueous solution. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of CTAB in the presence of NaCl increased and then decreased with increasing temperature. Thus, the CMC–temperature data can be represented by a bell-shaped curve. The micellar dissociation (fraction of counterion binding) and energetic parameters (free energy, enthalpy and entropy changes) of both adsorption and micellization were calculated. The processes were found to be both enthalpy and entropy controlled and appeared to be more and more enthalpy driven with increasing temperature. An enthalpy–entropy compensation rule was observed for both adsorption and micelle formation. The T K of the surfactant decreased significantly in the presence of NaCl, which is a sharp contrast to the usual behavior of the effect of electrolytes on the T K of classical ionic surfactants. The surface excess concentrations decreased with increasing temperature. However, the values were much higher in the presence of NaCl compared to the corresponding values in pure water. The solubilization behavior of a water-insoluble dye, Sudan red B (SRB), in the micellar system was studied by the UV–visible spectrophotometric technique. The molar solubilization ratio in the presence of NaCl was found to be about three times higher than that in pure water, indicating that the solubilization of SRB in the CTAB micelles significantly increases in the presence of NaCl. 相似文献
50.
《Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry》2014,20(3):1079-1084
This paper describes the removal of Reactive Blue 114 dye from aqueous solutions by using pomelo (Citrus grandis) peel. Pomelo peel can be described as a new, low cost, abundantly available adsorbent. The optimum adsorbent mass, dye concentration, contact time and pH were determined in this study. The parameters of Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherms were also obtained using concentrations of the dyes ranging from 1.0 to 200 mg/L. Maximum adsorption capacity was obtained as 16 mg/g at pH 2 and 303 K solution temperature. The adsorption process was observed to be reaching equilibrium after about 90 min. 相似文献