烟草抑芽剂施用方法的研究

采用不同的施用方法对芽敌和芽克进行了烟草田间抑芽试验 ,结果表明 ,芽敌 5 0倍抑芽率90 .5 4 %,芽克 5 0倍抑芽率 76 .1 5 %。芽敌 5 0倍处理与手工抹芽相比 ,上部叶面积减少 1 38.94cm2 ,单叶重减少 0 .4g,总糖减少 2 .3个百分点 ,烟碱减少 0 .2 1个百分点。但改进施药技术 ,把芽敌施药浓度改为1 0 0倍 ,施药 2次 ,可明显增加烤烟的叶面积和单叶重     

不同晒红烟品种对烟蚜［Myzus persicae（Sulzer）］生殖和死亡的影响

在１２个晒红烟品种（泉烟等）和２个烤烟品种ＮＣ８９（对照品种）及红花大金元的盆栽试验中，用微笼研究了烟蚜的生命表以了解生殖力和死亡率．并对某些种群参数作出统计分析。饲养条件为２０．０℃—３１．１℃．相对湿度为７２％－９２％。获得了以下参数：净生殖率（Ｒ０），内禀增殖力（ｒｍ），平均世代历期（Ｔ）（ｄ）及周限增长率（λ）。表明烟蚜在４个品种上（ＮＣ８９、红花大金元、剑叶子、安８８）发生数量较少，而在３个品种上发生多（大花＞柳叶子＞小花青）。方差分析表明，生殖力及死亡率在品种间均有显著差异。     

黄腐酸在旱地烤烟上的应用研究

在干旱胁迫下黄腐酸（ＦＡ）能明显降低烟草叶片的气孔导度和蒸腾速率，减少植物蒸散量；提高根系活力、叶片水势和净光合速率，增加根苗比，从而有效改善烟株水分状况，提高烤烟的抗旱性及其产量和品质。移栽时２０～５０×１０－６ＦＡ灌根，结合团棵、旺长期５００×１０－６ＦＡ叶面喷洒，在干旱年产量和产值增加１１．４５％～２８．１１％和２６．８９％～３１．５０％，在雨水较充沛年产量和产值提高４．９３％～１６．７９％和９．０９％～１９．９５％；并能改善烟叶的品质：烟碱含量提高，总糖含量降低；香气量和劲头提高，杂气和刺激性降低；余味较舒适，香型浓，燃烧性强。     

Phytochelatin synthase activity as a marker of metal pollution

The synthesis of phytochelatins is catalyzed by γ-Glu-Cys dipeptidyl transpeptidase called phytochelatin synthase (PCS). Aim of this study was to suggest a new tool for determination of phytochelatin synthase activity in the tobacco BY-2 cells treated with different concentrations of the Cd(II). After the optimization steps, an experiment on BY-2 cells exposed to different concentrations of Cd(NO₃)₂ for 3 days was performed. At the end of the experiment, cells were harvested and homogenized. Reduced glutathione and cadmium (II) ions were added to the cell suspension supernatant. These mixtures were incubated at 35 °C for 30 min and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ED). The results revealed that PCS activity rises markedly with increasing concentration of cadmium (II) ions. The lowest concentration of the toxic metal ions caused almost three fold increase in PCS activity as compared to control samples. The activity of PCS (270 fkat) in treated cells was more than seven times higher in comparison to control ones. K_m for PCS was estimated as 2.3 mM.     

Toxic metals distribution in different components of Pakistani and imported cigarettes by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer

It was extensively investigated that a significant flux of toxic metals, along with other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. In present study toxic metals (TMs) (Al, Cd, Ni and Pb) were determined in different components of Pakistani local branded and imported cigarettes, including filler tobacco (FT), filter (before and after normal smoking by a single volunteer) and ash by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer (ETAAS). Microwave-assisted digestion method was employed. The validity and accuracy of methodology were checked by using certified sample of Virginia tobacco leaves (ICHTJ-cta-VTL-2). The percentages (%) of TMs in different components of cigarette were calculated with respect to their total contents in FT of all branded cigarettes before smoking, while smoke concentration has been calculated by subtracting the filter and ash contents from the filler tobacco content of each branded cigarette. The highest percentage (%) of Al was observed in ash of all cigarettes, with range 97.3-99.0%, while in the case of Cd, a reverse behaviour was observed, as a range of 15.0-31.3% of total contents were left in the ash of all branded cigarettes understudy.     

中式卷烟包装设计之管窥

本文以《烟草控制框架公约》在我国正式生效后,按照《公约》对卷烟包装的规定,我国的卷烟商标和包装在很大程度上要重新设计和制作为着眼点,从正确履行《烟草控制框架公约》保持中式卷烟包装设计特色、正确理解中式卷烟内涵,明确烟标和包装设计方向、中式卷烟包装和色彩与消费心理有着密切的关系以及中式卷烟包装应该提高环保意识、减少环境污染和中式卷烟包装应提高技术含量,利用核心技术进行防伪设计等方面,论述了中式卷烟包装设计的发展方向及注意的事项。     

烟草挥发性成分的谱图检索结合保留指数和准确质量定性

为更准确地给烟草中挥发性成分定性,采用同时蒸馏萃取和GC/MS,GC/TOFMS对烟草中的挥发性成分进行了分离,并采用谱库检索,结合保留指数和准确质量进行定性。结果显示:GC/MS谱库检索,结合保留指数和由GC/TOFMS得到的准确分子质量定性,可以明显提高烟草中挥发性成分定性分析的准确性和可靠性,尤其是同分异构体。     

方城县植烟土壤主要养分的空间分布格局

为明确方城植烟土壤主要养分性质的空间变异特征,利用经典统计学方法和地统计学方法对其进行了分析,结果表明:100个样品中,有机质含量偏低(10g/kg)的占16%,碱解氮偏低(60mg/kg)的占55%,有效磷偏低(10mg/kg)的占64%,速效钾偏低(120mg/kg)的占71%,4种养分因子均呈现中等程度的变异;碱解氮含量具有强烈的空间自相关性,有机质、有效磷和速效钾具有中等强度的空间自相关性;插值图显示,有机质含量偏低(10g/kg)的区域主要分布在方城东南部和中部偏南区域,碱解氮含量偏低(60mg/kg)的区域主要是西北部、中北部和东南部的部分区域,有效磷偏低(10mg/kg)的区域主要是西北部和东南部,全区除西部和东部的部分区域外土壤速效钾含量整体偏低(120mg/kg)。     

专卖体制下烟草行业统一分销模式设计

针对烟草行业卷烟分销渠道建设的现状与特点,提出烟草行业统一分销管理模式,将卷烟分销企业的"拉式"采购和"推式"销售转变为卷烟生产企业的"推式"销售和卷烟零售户的"拉式"采购,通过电子商务平台实现市场(卷烟零售户)拉动生产(卷烟生产企业)的市场化分销模式。     

有机物质对烟草发状根生长及辅酶Q_(10)合成的影响

采用液体悬浮培养的方法,以中烟99品种烟草发状根为材料,研究了有机物质盐酸硫胺素、肌醇、酵母膏、L-半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、L-亮氨酸和L-α-丙氨酸等对烟草发状根生长和辅酶Q10生物合成的影响。结果表明,适当浓度的盐酸硫胺素、L-半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、L-亮氨酸和L-α-丙氨酸可明显促进发状根的生长及辅酶Q10的合成;酵母膏不利于发状根的生长和辅酶Q10的合成;肌醇可促进发状根的生长,但对辅酶Q10的合成没有促进作用。