Influence of performance evaluation rating segmentation on motivation and fairness perceptions.

This study investigated the impact of rating segmentation (i.e., the number of alternative appraisal categories available for rating employee performance) on motivation and perceptions of fairness. Participants were 305 student volunteers who performed a catalog search task, A 2 X 4 factorial design with 2 performance rating systems--low segmentation (3 categories) and moderate segmentation (5 categories)--and 4 performance levels was used. Overall, the results indicated that the 5-category system resulted in higher self-efficacy regarding participants' ability to reach the next higher rating category, higher goals for rating improvement, and higher rating improvements than the 3-category system. The effects of rating system and performance rating on rating improvement were partially mediated by self-efficacy and personal goals. The rating system and the performance rating affected perceptions of distributive and procedural justice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

双服务器分组调度算法

分组调度算法对于确保分组交换系统的QoS具有重要意义。时延,公平性,计算复杂度是微量分组度算法的主要指标。本文提出了一种双服务器分组调度算法,该算法在两种不同的工作状态下分别采用两种服务规则决定分组的服务次序。其中一种服务规则用来确保分组的时延,另一种服务规则在时延得到保障的情况下对系统的公平性进行改善,这两种规则计算都不复杂。因此本文提出的算法具有时延低,公平性较好,计算复杂度低的特点。     

基于签密的多方认证邮件协议

签密方案可以在一个逻辑步骤内同时实现签名和加密,可以有效地减少运算.本文在已有的两方签密方案的基础上结合组可验证的签密方案,提出了一种新的、可用于多方认证邮件协议的签密方案,进而设计出了异步的一对多的认证邮件协议,并证明了该协议的公平性与非否认性.文中还通过与已有协议进行比较,阐述了新协议的优点.     

街道景观视觉补偿公平性研究：以上海市城市低等级街道为例

城市景观是一种具有多感官价值的社会公共资源,但因其视觉等维度的公平性难以量化,景观公平性研究多集中于资源的合理配置和居民可达性等方向。尝试通过街道景观对路权冲突的补偿作用,来衡量其视觉公平性。研究将街道环境使用者在遭遇路权冲突时引发的情绪反应作为表征,量化街景补偿作用,从而建立街景元素、视觉补偿以及路权冲突三者之间的关系。通过问卷调查与情景模拟的方法识别上海市研究范围内的街景,呈现出两类明显不同的补偿作用：正向补偿与负向补偿。其中,在正向补偿型街景中,天空、绿植等街景元素与开阔度、一致性等景观特性对于缓解因路权冲突引起的愤怒情绪具有显著作用。此外,还发现上海市不同区域低等级街道的街景补偿作用在不同使用者群体之间具有偏向性。因此,提出从街景补偿角度对城市低等级街道进行分类,以街景补偿对使用者情绪的影响,缓解使用者之间固有的不公平性,减少冲突,改善街道使用者的心理健康水平,保证街道环境安全。     

基于风险偏好和公平偏好的 PPP 项目社会资本选择研究

为补充政府部门关于如何选择社会资本方的理论解释,建立了政府部门与社会资本方的 stackelberg 博弈理论模型,分析效益最大化下政府选择何种特征的社会资本对其更有利。结果表明:不论政府方是风险中性还是风险规避,从政府补偿、激励支出及项目初始投资最优来看,风险规避度低、公平偏好度高的社会资本方是其最佳选择,能够实现社会效益的最大化,并针对提高民营企业参与 PPP 项目的积极性提出了管理建议。     

基于身份公平的匿名多接收者签密方案

针对Lal等人所提出的基于身份的多接收者签密方案中存在的暴露接收者身份信息隐私性和解密不公平的问题,应用拉格拉日插值方法,提出一种满足接收者身份匿名性和解密公平性的新的多接收者签密方案。基于双线性 Diffie-Hellman 问题和计算 Diffie-Hellman 问题,对随机模预言模型下的 IND-sMIBSC-CCA2和EUF-sMIBSC-CMA的安全性进行了证明,验证本方案具有保密性和不可否认性。     

QoS体系中的主动队列管理算法研究综述

随着Internet的迅速发展，服务质量(QoS)正成为当前研究的热点之一。为了达到QoS的性能指标，拥塞控制作为一个很重要的方面在发挥着作用。主动队列管理是实现拥塞控制的重要手段之一，长期以来一直受到广泛的关注，基于不同理论的各种主动队列管理的算法也随之涌现。这些队列管理算法在一定程度上完成网络拥塞控制的任务，但是也不同程度地在公平性、可扩展性以及算法的复杂度上存在缺陷。本文通过对目前几种主要队列管理算法的实现原理的分析，考察了这些队列管理算法的优点和其可能存在的一些问题，而这些可能存在的问题也是下一步研究的起点。     

一种基于高速弹性分组环的线性逼近公平算法

弹性分组环(RPR)中最关键的技术之一是环路分布式公平算法.IEEE802.17工作组制定的RPR草案中关于公平算法存在一些待完善的问题,比如在高速的网络中存在较长的收敛时间,同时对于非平衡流带来的永久性震荡现象也无法消除.本文针对上述这些问题提出了一种新的公平算法.仿真结果表明算法不仅能够消除非平衡流问题,而且能够公平地控制站点之间带宽的分配.     

Speaking of fairness in testing.

In an article based on her presentation to the 114th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Janet Helms (see record 2006-21079-024) described a concept of test fairness. Helms's approach to fairness appears to be based on the premise that socialization consists of experiences received from one's environment, which are simply internalized as personal attributes. From an ecological perspective, this is incorrect, misleading, and oddly evocative of social-cognitive and psychodynamic notions. Individuals are not passive recipients of culture, and they do not necessarily simply reflect their experiences. Although Helms intended her model to apply to racial and cultural groups, it seems that she has overlooked the potential of applying her concept of fairness to another important level of social organization: the family. R. J. Griffore suggests that it is unfair to avoid using valid tests that are said to be unfair because of racially or culturally based construct-irrelevant variance if those tests can help individuals make decisions that lead to success outcomes. The use of race or culture as a variable that in any way jeopardizes the prediction of success for individuals or groups is unfair for all groups for whom the test is used. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

How the Differential Treatment of Siblings Is Linked With Parent-Child Relationship Quality.

Little is currently known about the significance of parents' unequal treatment of siblings and their relationships with their children; for example, are high levels of differential treatment consistently indicative of poorer parent-child relationships? Associations among differential parenting practices, perceptions of the fairness of these practices, and parent-child relationship quality were assessed from the perspectives of adolescent siblings and their parents in 74 maritally intact families. Multilevel random coefficient modeling revealed that the magnitude of differential treatment was associated with more negative parent-child relationships only when adolescents perceived differential treatment to be unfair. Differential treatment judged to be fair is not linked with negative parent-child relationships. Results highlight the importance of examining all family members' viewpoints about the legitimacy of differential treatment and of encouraging family members to discuss their understanding of these events. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)