乳源抗氧化活性肽的研究进展

乳源抗氧化肽具有原料来源广泛、抗氧化活性强、天然无毒副作用等优点,已成为国内外学者的研究热点。为此,本文综述了乳源抗氧化肽的研究概况。首先探讨了乳源抗氧化肽的六大制备途径,发现酶解制备法使用最多。再总结了分离纯化的方法,一般为几种方法结合使用,层层递进的得到纯度较高的抗氧化肽。比较了多种抗氧化活性测定方法,在乳源抗氧化肽领域使用最多的是体外自由基清除率的测定方法,并总结了抗氧化肽分子特征,主要是由2~20个氨基酸组成的小肽,分子量在5000 Da以下,肽段中疏水性氨基酸和芳香族氨基酸占优势,但具体的构效关系还未明确。阐述了其在食品当中的应用研究现状,并展望了将来的研究及应用方向。乳源抗氧化肽显示出一定的优势,具有广阔的市场前景。     

唐古特白刺提取物抗氧化作用的研究

采用邻二氮菲-Fe2 氧化法、邻苯三酚自氧化法测定了唐古特白刺提取物的抗氧化作用。结果表明,不同溶剂的唐古特白刺提取物对羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧自由基(O-·2)均有一定的清除作用,在相同干物质浓度下,对羟自由基(·OH)的清除率依次递减的顺序为:80%乙醇、甲醇、丙酮、含盐酸0.1%的95%乙醇;对超氧阴离子自由基(O-·2)的清除率依次递减的顺序为:80%乙醇、甲醇、含盐酸0.1%的95%乙醇、丙酮。该结果提示唐古特白刺提取物具有抗氧化的作用。     

具抗氧化活性乳酸菌的筛选

以体外过氧化氢耐受能力为指标,从发酵食品中筛选出2株能够耐受1mmol/L浓度过氧化氢的乳酸菌,两株细菌的耐过氧化氢能力与L. rhamnosusGG的耐过氧化氢能力相当。研究了两株乳酸菌完整细胞和无细胞提取物的DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除能力。结果表明,菌体浓度为109mL-1的L1001完整细胞和无细胞提取物的DPPH自由基清除率分别为36.2%和37.9%,同样浓度的F12完整细胞和无细胞提取物对DPPH自由基的清除率分别为24.4%和27.0%;清除羟自由基实验表明,细胞浓度为109mL-1的细胞清除羟自由基能力与同体积的浓度为1mmol/L抗坏血酸相当,L1001的羟自由基清除能力优于F12。利用API鉴定系统L1001菌株被鉴定为植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum L1001。     

山核桃蛋白多肽的制备及对羟自由基的清除作用

实验确定山核桃蛋白水解最适宜的酶制剂为风味蛋白酶。蛋白酶最适作用条件为：底物浓度为10％，水解时间为2h，温度为55，pH值为6．5，酶用量为1．5％。不同水解度的蛋白多肽清除羟自由基能力不同，结果表明水解度5％时，自由基清除率最高可达50．90％。     

夏枯草水溶性多糖体外抗氧化活性研究

目的研究夏枯草水溶性多糖乙醇分级组分的抗氧化活性。方法采用水提醇沉法得到夏枯草水溶性粗多糖,再经不同体积分数(20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%,v/v)的乙醇溶液逐级沉淀,依次得到不同分子量的六个夏枯草多糖组分(依次记为PVLP-1、PVLP-2、PVLP-3、PVLP-4、PVLP-5、PVLP-6)。进一步测定了其中四个组分(PVLP-2、PVLP-3、PVLP-4、PVLP-5)对DPPH、O~(2-)·和·OH的清除效率。结果从夏枯草中得到的PVLP-2、PVLP-3、PVLP-4、PVLP-5四个多糖组分对DPPH自由基清除效果最明显,在质量浓度为3.2mg/mL时,清除率依次为98.09%、90.05%、88.56%和87.71%。各组分对O~(2-)·以及·OH自由基的清除作用相对较差些,除PVLP-4清除·OH自由基的EC_(50)值为13.24 mg/mL外,其余均小于10 mg/mL。四个多糖组分中,PVLP-2的总体抗氧化效果优于其他各个组分。结论乙醇分级可以作为一种简便易行的分离纯化方法,制备具有良好抗氧化效果的水溶性夏枯草多糖。     

仙人掌多糖清除自由基的研究

本文研究了仙人掌水溶性多糖的提取及对Fenton反应产生.OH和过硫酸铵/N,N,N,,N,-四甲基乙二胺(AP-TEMED)体系产生的氧自由基的清除效果。结果表明以水为溶剂提取仙人掌多糖的得率为2.821%,纯度为24.76±1.20%。提取物经乙醇沉淀后,得到纯度为77.52%±1.19%的粗多糖。仙人掌粗多糖清除自由基的能力与其浓度呈线性关系,1000mg/L的多糖溶液对.OH和O2-.自由基的清除率分别为63.00%和57.06%。     

山楂酒甲醇含量的测定及清除DPPH和ABTS自由基活性的研究

建立了山楂酒中甲醇测定的GC分析方法,并对清除DPPH和ABTS自由基活性进行了研究。结果表明:山楂酒在发酵9~425 d时,其甲醇含量呈逐渐上升的趋势,在564~730 mg/L之间。山楂酒具有较强的DPPH和ABTS自由基活性的能力。随着时间的延长,山楂酒DPPH·和ABTS+·清除能力呈下降趋势。     

Carbon-centered radicals in isolated soy proteins

ABSTRACT:  Solid-state electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy of commercial samples of isolated soy proteins (ISP) revealed a symmetrical free-radical signal typical of carbon-centered radicals ( g = 2.005) ranging from 2.96 × 10¹⁴ to 6.42 × 10¹⁴ spins/g. The level of free radicals in ISP was 14 times greater than similar radicals in sodium caseinate, 29 times greater than egg albumin, and about 100 times greater levels than casein. Nine soy protein powdered drink mixes contained similar types of free radicals up to 4.10 × 10¹⁵ spins/g of drink mix, or up to 6.4 times greater than the highest free-radical content found in commercial ISP. ISP samples prepared in the laboratory contained trapped radicals similar to the levels in commercial ISP samples. When ISP was hydrated in 2.3 mM sodium erythorbate or 8.3 mM L-cysteine, frozen and dried, the level of trapped free radicals increased by about 17- and 19-fold, respectively. The ESR spectrum of defatted soybean flakes contained overlapping signals from the primary free-radical peak ( g = 2.005) and a sextet pattern typical of manganese-II. The manganese signal was reduced in the laboratory ISP and very weak in the commercial ISP.     

Studies on antioxidant activities of mucuna seed (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) extract and various non‐protein amino/imino acids through in vitro models

The antioxidant activities of a methanolic extract of mucuna beans (Mucuna pruriens var utilis) and several non‐protein amino/imino acids, namely L ‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L ‐dopa), L ‐3‐carboxy‐6,7‐dihydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (compound I), (?)‐1‐methyl‐3‐carboxy‐6,7‐dihydroxy‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline (compound II) and 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP), were evaluated. By virtue of their hydrogen‐donating ability, all the tested compounds and the mucuna seed extract showed excellent reducing power, with the highest values being recorded for L ‐dopa in a dose‐dependent manner. Similarly, as compared with synthetic antioxidants (BHT and BHA) and quercetin, all the tested compounds and the seed extract were found to be more potent in free radical‐scavenging activity (P < 0.05) against α,α‐diphenyl‐β‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH^?) radicals. Hydroxyl radicals (OH^?) and superoxide anion radicals (O₂^??) were effectively scavenged by the tested compounds, with the exception that no scavenging activity of 5‐HTP was observed on (O₂^??) up to a concentration of 2 mg ml^?1, as was also the case for BHA. Among the tested non‐protein amino/imino acids and seed extract the highest peroxidation‐inhibiting activity (95%) was recorded for 5‐HTP. On the other hand, in the linoleic acid/β‐carotene‐bleaching system, L ‐dopa, compound I and compound II acted as pro‐oxidants, whereas the seed extract showed only weak antioxidant activity as in the linoleic acid emulsion system. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

光照胁迫对雨生红球藻虾青素积累和抗氧化活性的影响

本文研究了不同光强(120~270μmol/m2·s)和光周期(光/暗:0/24~24/0 h)的光照胁迫对雨生红球藻(Haematococcus pluvialis)虾青素积累、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和超氧阴离子自由基(O2-?)清除能力的影响。结果表明,在绿色、褐色和红色细胞期,光强越高,藻细胞虾青素的含量、T-AOC和O2-?清除能力也越高;抗氧化酶(SOD和CAT)活性在绿色细胞期随光强的增加而增加,在红色细胞期则随光强的增加而下降;藻细胞虾青素的含量、T-AOC和O2-?清除能力在红色细胞期最高,而抗氧化酶活性在褐色细胞期最高;藻细胞在不同光周期的270μmol/m2·s的光照下生长10 d时,虾青素的含量、T-AOC和O2-?清除能力随每日光照时间的延长而增高,抗氧化酶活性则先升高后下降。总之,雨生红球藻在270μmol/m2·s的光强下连续光照10 d时虾青素的含量和抗氧化能力最高,这为虾青素作为天然的抗氧化功能食品添加剂的生产和应用提供了新的参考条件。