Study on the influence factors of the photocatalysis degradation of Humic Acid

The effects of Humic Acid (HA) concentration,pH value and aeration on the photocatalysis degradation of HA by the silica gel supported TiO2 were studied.Moreover,the effect of aeration on the generation of hydroxyl radicals are investigated.The experimental results indicated that the hydroxyl radicals are generated during the photocatalysis process.The generation of hydroxyl radicals is increasing linearly with the reaction time,approximately.Moreover,the generation rate of hydroxyl under the condition of aeration is 1.57 times of that under the condition without aeration,which is the main influent factor on the reaction rate.Therefore,the reaction rate constant with and without aeration is 0.012 min-1 and 0.0063 min-1,respectively.The degradation rate decreases when the initial HA concentration increases,which is due to that more TiO2 active sites are occupied by HA when the HA concentration is higher.Moreover,HA can absorb large amount of photons,which can prevent those available photons to arrive at the activate TiO2 particles.The degradation rate decreases when increasing pH value,which is due to that the adsorption of HA on the TiO2 particles is weakened and not benefit for the degradation process of HA.     

In-situ monitoring of the stabilization with hydrogen of free radicals thermally induced from coal using high pressure e.s.r., d.t.a. and p.d.a. equipment

High temperature, high pressure e.s.r. measurements of the hydrogenation reaction of Taiheiyo coal in the presence of catalysts were carried out to understand the stabilization of thermally and/or catalytically induced free radicals. A decrease in free radical concentration with increasing temperature was observed for ZnCl₂ and SnCl₂ · 2H₂O catalysts at 10MPa under hydrogen gas. High pressure modified single-cell d.t.a. and p.d.a. equipment augmented the uniquely designed high temperature, high pressure e.s.r. cell. The hydrogenation reaction was monitored under the same experimental conditions as for e.s.r. From the results of the combination of high temperature, high pressure e.s.r. with high pressure d.t.a. and p.d.a., it was established that H₂ molecules can react efficiently with free radicals from coal molecules created by the presence of ZnCl₂ and SnCl₂ · 2H₂O catalysts.     

打瓜不同部位的可溶性总糖分析与水溶性多糖的自由基清除活性

分别测定了打瓜外皮、内皮、瓤和籽中的蛋白质和可溶性总糖,再提取各部位多糖并测定其自由基清除活性。实验结果表明,在干打瓜外皮、内皮、瓤和籽中蛋白质含量分别为6.65%、1.22%、5.60%和30.04%。在鲜瓜外皮中可溶性糖含量为33.94mg/g,鲜内皮中为29.77mg/g,鲜瓤中为58.94mg/g,干籽中为32.95mg/g。用醇沉法由鲜外皮、内皮、瓤和干籽中所得的提取物中多糖含量分别为33.29%、28.05%、93.39%和15.77%,鲜外皮、内皮、瓤和干籽中多糖含量分别为0.17%、0.016%、0.19%和1.59%。外皮、内皮、瓤和籽的水溶醇沉提取物对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子和DPPH自由基具有一定的清除能力。其中打瓜外皮、内皮、瓤和籽提取物对羟基自由基清除,以及打瓜内皮提取物对DPPH的清除能力好于同浓度维生素C。     

温莪术不同溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性评价

目的:探讨温莪术不同溶剂提取物体外的抗氧化活性。方法:分别用蒸馏水、95%乙醇、乙酸乙酯等不同极性溶剂提取温莪术中活性物质,采用清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、羟自由基(.OH)、亚铁离子螯合和还原能力等方法考察温莪术不同提取物的抗氧化活性。同时用Folin-Cioeaile法测定不同提取物中的总酚含量,考察总酚含量与抗氧化清除率的关系。结果:DPPH自由基、.OH清除能力及还原能力结果表明95%乙醇及乙酸乙酯提取物在较低的质量浓度显示了较高的清除率;同时总酚含量测定结果显示95%乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物所含总酚含量较高,这表明这两种溶剂提取物的抗氧化性与其提取物含有较高的酚类密切相关;亚铁离子螯合实验结果显示水提物的螯合效果优于其他溶剂提取物。结论:不同溶剂提取物抗氧化能力差别较大,总酚含量与抗氧化清除率具有相关性。     

60Co辐照对米粉及其淀粉自由基的影响

用60Co射线对米粉(糯米粉、籼米粉)和淀粉(糯米淀粉、籼米淀粉)进行不同剂量的辐照处理,利用电子自旋共振(ESR)分析辐照前后米粉和淀粉中自由基的变化。结果表明:随着辐照剂量的增加,自由基的含量也随之线性增加;在中心磁场处,糯米粉产生的自由基比籼米粉高,糯米淀粉产生的自由基比籼米淀粉高。对比米粉和淀粉的辐射结果分析发现,自由基的产生主要来自淀粉分子。同时,辐照样经蒸煮后发现,米粉和淀粉的颜色由白色变为黄色,且随辐照剂量的增加,色泽加深。     

南、北芡实提取物的抗氧化活性比较及其GC-MS分析

用80%乙醇、95%甲醇、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、石油醚等溶剂分别提取南、北芡实中抗氧化活性物质,比较了不同提取物对体外清除DPPH.、羟自由基(.OH)及超氧自由基(O2.-)的效果,并利用GC-MS对南、北芡实抗氧化提取物中主要成分进行了分析。试验结果表明:不同溶剂的芡实提取物都具有抗氧化作用,但能力存在差异。南芡95%甲醇提取物清除DPPH.能力最佳,而北芡正丁醇提取物清除能力最佳。二者80%乙醇和95%甲醇提取物均具有较好的清除DPPH.、羟自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O2.-)能力。GC-MS分析结果表明,南、北芡实抗氧化提取物的主要成分和含量不同,但均含有甾醇类和生育酚类化合物;另外还有多种含不饱和键的酰胺类、酯类等物质。南芡95%甲醇、80%乙醇和石油醚提取物中生育酚类化合物和绝大部分甾醇含量高于北芡;北芡正丁醇和乙酸乙酯提取物中生育酚含量高于南芡。     

石榴皮提取物体外抗氧化活性比较研究

研究石榴皮提取物的体外抗氧化作用。采用羟自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(.O2-)、2,2-二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH.)的生成体系,研究石榴皮提取物及绿茶多酚、没食子酸为对照,对自由基的清除能力和对小鼠肝组织匀浆脂质过氧化抑制作用。结果表明:石榴皮提取物对羟自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH.的半清除率分别为I:C50=71.37 mg/mL、SC50=557.55 mg/mL、DC50=31.98 mg/mL;没食子酸对这3种自由基的半清除率分别为I:C50=51.85 mg/mL、SC50=289.2 mg/mL、DC50=37.65 mg/mL;绿茶多酚对这3种自由基的半清除率分别为:IC50=66.67 mg/mL、SC50=1043.91 mg/mL、DC50=22.48 mg/mL。石榴皮提取物对小鼠肝组织匀浆的脂质过氧化半抑制率EC50=5.21 mg/mL、没食子酸半抑制率EC50=22.82 mg/mL、绿茶多酚半抑制率EC50=3.47 mg/mL。研究表明石榴皮提取物较没食子酸和绿茶多酚具有良好的清除自由基及抑制脂质过氧化的能力。石榴皮提取物能有效清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH.自由基,抑制脂质过氧化作用,具有进一步研究和开发价值。     

猪睾丸蛋白酶解抗氧化肽工艺优化及抗氧化研究

采用中性蛋白酶酶解猪睾丸蛋白制备抗氧化肽。以还原力为指标,通过正交实验设计,确定了酶解猪睾丸蛋白制备抗氧化肽的工艺条件:底物质量浓度8%,起始pH7.0,酶用量360U/g(新鲜猪睾丸),温度37℃,时间90min,相应指标还原力0.997。通过体外抗氧化活性的研究,发现猪睾丸抗氧化肽对.OH、H2O2、DPPH.和卵黄脂蛋白的IC50分别为0.47、0.56、0.86、0.42g/L。     

欧李仁油抗氧化活性的研究

采用磷钼络合物法、铁氰化钾法、Fenton检测体系、邻苯三酚自氧化法、Beauchamp C的方法测定了欧李仁油的总抗氧化活性及欧李仁油对羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子(O-2·),烷基自由基(R·)三种自由基的清除能力,并与VC和橄榄油的抗氧化活性做比较。结果表明:欧李仁油的总抗氧化活性随着浓度的增大而增大,总抗氧化活性介于VC和橄榄油之间;在Fenton反应体系中,欧李仁油对羟基自由基的清除作用较显著,三者的清除能力大小顺序为:欧李仁油VC橄榄油;在邻苯三酚自氧化体系中,欧李仁油对超氧阴离子自由基有一定的清除作用,三者的清除能力大小为:VC橄榄油欧李仁油;在亚油酸氧化体系中,欧李仁油、VC、橄榄油对烷基自由基的抑制作用大小为:欧李仁油橄榄油VC。从而认为欧李仁油具有较好的抗氧化活性。     

Isolation, characterization of melanin derived from Ophiocordyceps sinensis, an entomogenous fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau

Melanins are pigments of high molecular weight formed by oxidative polymerization of phenolic or indolic compounds. In this present study, a black pigment was isolated from the fermentation broth of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, an entomogenous fungus which is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau by alkaline extraction, acid hydrolysis, and repeated precipitation. It was designed as melanin since the physical and chemical properties including its ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectra of the black pigment conformed to the characteristic of melanin and similar to the commercial synthetic melanin. The antioxidant activity of melanin derived from O. sinensis was evaluated. They showed much stronger scavenging abilities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and the chelating ability on ferrous ions than that of the water extract from the mycelia of O. sinensis, with IC₅₀ value 18.51 ± 0.85 μg/ml and 2.58 ± 0.26 μg/ml, separately. This is the first report of melanin from O. sinensis and will be helpful for the study on the physiology and the artificial cultivation of this fungus, an endangered species.