美国高校本科应急管理人才培养方案

我国应急管理教育处于起步阶段,培养大多挂靠在相关学科和专业,美国具有成熟的应急管理教育培训体系和教学经验,对美国应急管理人才培养方案的研究可以为我国培养该领域人才提供良好的参考。调查了美国高校应急管理教育现状及培养目标,同时以美国10所开设应急管理本科专业的高校为样本,对其课程体系以及文、理学士的课程内容进行系统梳理和分析。发现美国应急管理教育范围广,涉及国土安全、国际减灾及公共卫生等;文理类课程差异小,系统性强,注重实用性。最后根据当前我国高校应急管理培养的薄弱之处,提出我国未来应急管理专业的发展路线,弥补我国应急管理人才不足的缺口。     

高层建筑火灾事故应急能力量化评估

为提高城市建筑火灾事故应急能力评估准确性,构建了一套应急能力评估指标体系。结合层次分析法制定百分制扣分式量化评估标准;采用主成分分析法进行降维处理;基于多元线性回归法和支持向量机法建立模型。结果表明：高层建筑火灾事故应急能力评估指标体系能够有效实现指标定量化处理,两种模型预测得分较为接近,均适用于城市高层建筑火灾应急能力评估。     

灾后派遣社会组织参与救援问题研究

针对社会组织灾后救援派遣问题,分析社会组织掌握技能情况及灾区应急需求,提出基于社会组织力量的灾后救援派遣模型,以救援效益为优化目标,采用改进模拟退火算法对其求解。案例分析结果表明：提出的救援派遣模型能够有效解决社会组织参与灾区救援派遣问题,同时也验证了改进算法的可行性。     

我国地震灾害消防救援队伍建设现状

在分析我国地震应急救援体系的基础上,梳理地震灾害消防救援队伍建设情况,剖析存在的问题和不足,对建设高素质专业化地震灾害消防救援队伍提出相应的对策建议。     

特种车辆自动紧急制动控制策略研究

针对特种车辆在战场以及训练过程中易出现的车辆碰撞事故问题,提出了一套自动紧急制动系统(AEBS)核心控制策略,完成了对车辆AEBS性能的道路验证测试.测试结果表明被试车辆符合JT/T 1242-2019对AEBS性能的要求.     

Emergency decision support modeling for COVID-19 based on spherical fuzzy information

Significant emergency measures should be taken until an emergency event occurs. It is understood that the emergency is characterized by limited time and information, harmfulness and uncertainty, and decision-makers are always critically bound by uncertainty and risk. This paper introduces many novel approaches to addressing the emergency situation of COVID-19 under spherical fuzzy environment. Fundamentally, the paper includes six main sections to achieve appropriate and accurate measures to address the situation of emergency decision-making. As the spherical fuzzy set (FS) is a generalized framework of fuzzy structure to handle more uncertainty and ambiguity in decision-making problems (DMPs). First, we discuss basic algebraic operational laws (AOLs) under spherical FS. In addition, elaborate on the deficiency of existing AOLs and present three cases to address the validity of the proposed novel AOLs under spherical fuzzy settings. Second, we present a list of Einstein aggregation operators (AgOp) based on the Einstein norm to aggregate uncertain information in DMPs. Thirdly, we are introducing two techniques to demonstrate the unknown weight of the criteria. Fourthly, we develop extended TOPSIS and Gray relational analysis approaches based on AgOp with unknown weight information of the criteria. In fifth, we design three algorithms to address the uncertainty and ambiguity information in emergency DMPs. Finally, the numerical case study of the novel carnivorous (COVID-19) situation is provided as an application for emergency decision-making based on the proposed three algorithms. Results explore the effectiveness of our proposed methodologies and provide accurate emergency measures to address the global uncertainty of COVID-19.     

Creating an Holistic Emergency Alert Management Platform

ABSTRACT

Extreme natural events require effective emergency procedures to minimize adverse effects on a region’s population and economy. Such procedures typically involve the effort of several different teams of first responders (e.g., fire fighters, public administrations, police departments, utility companies), hence coordination is fundamental to the effectiveness of the response to the emergency that must be supported with adequate infrastructures. Nonetheless, first responders often rely on manual processes, in the life cycle of extreme events, which do not change consistently with the type of shock or affected population. The aim of this paper is to present a technology transfer process to improve both the emergency alert process and the knowledge of disaster-type safety procedures through the implementation of a proposed platform. We also highlight a pilot application on a post-disaster case study—the province of L’Aquila (Abruzzi) in Italy.     

一种应急管理信息系统在海油企业中的应用

本文主要介绍一套适合海油企业实际业务应用的应急管理信息系统,系统通过模块化、组件化模式实现灵活应用配置,并可根据用户实际应用需求进行模块组合、拆解,为不同领域的企业和厂区搭建适用的定制化应用系统,满足企业日常安全应急管理需求,为应急指挥工作提供辅助决策支持。     

基于注意力机制的双向长短时记忆网络模型突发事件演化关系抽取

针对现有突发事件关系抽取研究多集中于因果关系抽取而忽略了其他演化关系的问题，为了提高应急决策中信息抽取的完备性，应用一种基于注意力机制的双向长短时记忆（LSTM）网络模型进行突发事件演化关系抽取。首先，结合突发事件演化关系的概念，构建演化关系模型并进行形式化定义，依据模型对突发事件语料进行标注；其次，搭建双向LSTM网络结构，并引入注意力机制计算注意力概率以突出关键词汇在文本中的重要程度；最终，使用搭建的网络模型进行演化关系抽取得到结果。在演化关系抽取实验中，相对于现有因果关系抽取方法，所提方法不仅抽取出更加充分的演化关系，为突发事件应急决策提供了更完善的信息；同时，在正确率、召回率和F1分数上分别平均提升了7.3%、6.7%和7.0%，有效提高了突发事件演化关系抽取的准确性。     

核电厂应急监测计划的关键问题及探讨

应急监测计划是核电厂应急计划的重要支持性文件,是核电厂应急监测准备和响应的重要依据。本文从核电厂事故应急监测方案、监测方法、监测设施设备配置、应急监测响应、监测能力的保持、质量保证等关键问题进行分析研究,提出相关建议,为核电厂应急监测计划的制订提供参考。