Standard delay eyeblink classical conditioning is independent of awareness.

P. F. Lovibond and D. R. Shanks (see record 2002-00340-001) suggested that all forms of classical conditioning depend on awareness of the stimulus contingencies. This article considers the available data for eyeblink classical conditioning, including data from 2 studies (R. E. Clark, J. R. Manns, & L. R. Squire, 2001; J. R. Manns, R. E. Clark, & L. R. Squire, 2001) that were completed too recently to have been considered in their review. In addition, in response to questions raised by P. F. Lovibond and D. R. Shanks, 2 new analyses of data are presented from studies published previously. The available data from humans and experimental animals provide strong evidence that delay eyeblink classical conditioning (but not trace eyeblink classical conditioning) can be acquired and retained independently of the forebrain and independently of awareness. This conclusion applies to standard conditioning paradigms; for example, to single-cue delay conditioning when a tone is used as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and to differential delay conditioning when the positive and negative conditioned stimuli (CS+ and CS-) are a tone and white noise. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

论浙江人契约观念的不同特点

由于将来的交换存在较大的不确定性，当事人的习俗、身份、习惯等因素对契约的制定、履行有很大的作用，由此影响当事人的契约观念。因此，不同的宗族文化造就了不同的契约观念。浙北地区相对较弱的宗族意识使得浙北地区人员之间的默契和依赖的程度低，经济契约中的凭证观念相对较强。受以地缘关系为基础的依附式宗族的影响，温州人相互之间存在着较深的依附关系，这使得温州人彼此之问的交易是重内容轻形式，经济契约中的凭证观念相对较弱。     

中国涂料用树脂的技术进展

中国涂料用树脂产销量快速发展，技术进步非常迅速，但在许多领域与国外企业差距明显，本文从人才、装置、技术趋势等方面讨论我国的涂料用树脂的现状与发展。     

Is reading important in reading-readiness programs? A randomized field trial with teachers as program implementers.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of phonological awareness training, with and without a beginning decoding component. 33 teachers in 8 urban schools were assigned randomly within their schools to 3 groups: control, phonological awareness training, and phonological awareness training with beginning decoding instruction and practice. Following training, teachers in the 2 treatment groups conducted the treatments for about 20 wks. In each teacher's class, pre- and posttreatment data were collected on 12–14 children (N?=?404); 312 children were tested again the following fall. At the end of kindergarten, the 2 treatment groups performed comparably and outperformed controls on the phonological awareness measures. On alphabetic (reading and spelling) tasks, however, the group participating in phonological awareness training with beginning decoding instruction did better than the other 2 groups. In the fall of the next year, many of these between-group differences remained but were less impressive. Implications are discussed for bridging research and practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Self- and relational observation.

Psychological mindedness and mindfulness are common themes across schools of psychotherapy. A somewhat smaller construct can be better defined: self- and relational observational capacity. This article defines and assesses strategies for 3 components of self- and relational observation: (a) awareness of feelings, ideas, and emotional control; (b) awareness of changing states of mind; and (c) awareness of self-concepts or schemas such as mental models of roles in a relationship. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Global Perspectives on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Assessing Practices, Policies, and Campaigns in Four English-Speaking Countries.

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy places the fetus at risk for a number of neurological abnormalities and functional impairments. These deficits are 100% preventable by abstaining from alcohol use during pregnancy. Nevertheless, the worldwide prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), the most severe outcome of prenatal alcohol consumption, is estimated at 0.97 cases per 1,000 live births (see May & Gossage, 2001). This paper examines awareness of the problem in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia along three dimensions: 1) the relationship between alcohol consumption rates and the incidence of FAS; 2) government action and policy creation; and 3) prevention/intervention initiatives and educational efforts. The extent of knowledge within each country affects, and is affected by, the level of research activity, the emphasis on policy creation, and the initiatives that drive educational efforts. At present, Canada and the U.S. have the highest levels of activity and a clear recognition of the problem. Activity in the U.K. and Australia is at the grass-roots level, although some promising movements toward greater public and professional awareness have begun. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

对白酒酒体的认识、体验与创新

对白酒酒体的认识经过了从酒精度、酸、酯、醇、醛、酮等12类香味成分,到香味的骨架成分,微量复杂,再到酯类、酸类、醇类、醛类的作用等;白酒的储存是提高酒醇和度的基本措施,白酒中复杂的微量成分的含量决定着白酒质量档次,白酒中酸酯平衡是酒体谐调的基本因素,酒体的完整、饱满是通过对各种香味成分的量比关系和总含量的掌握来实现的;只有不断创新,努力突出个性,发挥白酒的物质功能,使白酒的口感体验出"高雅"和"舒爽",引发饮酒者产生清心舒畅,心旷神怡,唯美享受,才是未来白酒质量风格的发展方向。     

矿业企业社会责任认知的国际比较及影响因素分析

目前,企业社会责任在全球的发展并不均衡。通过对世界上主要矿产资源国家的企业社会责任认知水平的比较研究,我们发现,受经济发展水平、矿业发达程度、制度约束、各种国际组织和非政府组织等因素影响,发达国家、发展中国家和转型国家之间表现出明显的差异,不同国家所关注的重要议题也不相同。包括加拿大等发达国家在内的许多国家对矿业企业社会责任进行了立法,从而上升到法律层面。建议我国"走出去"的矿业公司有针对性地实施符合东道国需求的企业社会责任实践,以最低的成本赢取最好的公司声誉。     

基于CNN-BLSTM的食品舆情实体关系抽取模型研究

食品舆情实体关系抽取是构建食品舆情知识图谱的关键技术,也是当前信息抽取领域的重要研究课题。针对食品舆情中常出现的实体对多关系问题,在卷积神经网络(convolutional neural network,CNN)中引入基于位置感知的领域词语义注意力机制;在双向长短时记忆(bidirectional long short-term memory,BLSTM)网络中引入基于位置感知的语义角色注意力机制,构建基于CNN-BLSTM的食品舆情实体关系抽取模型。在食品舆情数据集上进行了对比实验,实验结果表明:基于CNN-BLSTM的食品舆情实体关系抽取模型在食品舆情数据集上准确率比常用的几种深度神经网络模型高出8.7%~13.94%,验证了模型的合理性和有效性。     

WAN技术在电力数据网智能化运维中的应用研究

传统的电力数据通信网络存在手工运维效率低下、网络资源利用不均衡、业务缺乏质量保障等问题,越来越不能满足当今新型电力业务的需求。随着电网数字化转型的不断深入,针对此类问题,以电力数据通信网络优化和升级为研究方向,提出新型电力数据通信网络体系与电力SDN-WAN（Software Defined Network-Wide Area Network）数据通信网络态势感知模型,并结合现网实际部署情况选取典型案例,对SDN-WAN态势感知各项功能部署及应用过程中存在的优势和不足进行阐述,也为“十四五”时期电力数据通信网络的发展提供了参考。