降低制气炉外壁温度的有效措施

对引起间歇循环制气系统中制气炉改质室炉壁温度过高的原因进行了分析,对耐火砖结构、热电偶测温孔及人孔等处分别进行了改造,改造后3台改质室外壁温度平均降至100℃。     

壁面热电偶导热测温误差的计算和试验

用有限差分方法分析了带内热源有限壁厚上热电偶的导热测温误差，并介绍了测温误差试验。同时，给出了试验结果、计算数据和分析比较。     

Bondability analysis of bond pads by thermoelectric temperature measurements

To reduce cost and enhance reliability for microelectronics applications, a complete understanding of the thermosonic bonding process is required. In particular, the question of whether melting, diffusion, or significant heating occurs along the interface during friction has often been raised. We present results obtained with a new device based on thermoelectric temperature measurements to determine the temperature at the bond interface. In addition to the temperature information, the data characterizes the bonding process in real time on a micrometer scale. The basic principle of the developed apparatus is temperature measurement by an Au-Ni thermocouple fixed within the inside chamfer of a bonding capillary. Different bond substrates with high and low bond contact quality have been investigated. The thermoelectric temperature measurements very precisely determines the bonding behavior of the bond pads. A few nanometers surface contamination on a bond pad significantly reduces the temperature rise at the bond interface and therefore impairs bondability of the substrate. These results demonstrate the sensitivity and accuracy of the measurement principle. The apparatus is a powerful tool to measure the tribology of the bond system and to characterize the bondability of different bond pads.     

The heat transfer between a heated tip and a substrate: fast thermal microscopy

Here we describe a new mechanism of heat transfer between two solids separated by a distance. This mechanism does not involve the ambient air or adsorbed vapour films, and is therefore expected to remain active under perfect vacuum conditions. As will be described in detail, thermal charge fluctuations of one solid substrate kept at finite temperatures create an electromagnetic field—at infrared frequencies and of a short coherence length—which extends across the gap and effectively transports heat to the other solid. In our view this mechanism is responsible for the effective heat transfer observed recently by C. C. Williams and H. K. Wickramasinghe between a heated tip and a substrate.     

快速钨铼热电偶的测温误差

本文用热电偶误差计算的通用方法（极限误差表达法）分析了构成快速钨铼热电偶测温误差的因素，从量的角度探讨了各因素对总的误差的影响，对如何认识快速钨铼热电偶的测温精度，提出了可供参考的观点。     

EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE PROFILES DURING APPLE DRYING

An experimental system has been designed and constructed to investigate the drying rate, temperature and moisture profiles developed within food materials during forced convective air drying. The moisture profile was determined by employing the technique of gamma ray densitometry, and embedded thermocouples were used to sense temperature at different locations. The overall drying rate was measured using an electronic balance. A microcomputer and a computer front end were implemented for data acquisition and experimental control. Sample temperature and moisture profiles measured during drying are presented as a function of both drying time and the distance to the surface of the specimen. Both profiles described the drying phenomena inside the sample. The evaporation front was observed in a narrow region of the apple specimen, this front moved into the sample as drying progressed. The amount of apple shrinkage was determined to be linearly related to the distance which the evaporation front had recededfrom the initial surface.     

钢液连续测温技术试验

介绍一种钢水连续测温新技术,该技术通过采用金属陶瓷外套管与双铂铑热电偶组成连续测温。热电偶,具有耐高温钢液熔蚀、抗热震、耐冲刷、不粘钢、精度高等良好性能,适用于连铸中间罐、VOD精炼炉中对钢液连续测温。     

WC-Co涂层磨削过程中的温度与相变

针对WC-Co涂层在磨削中磨削温度会引起相变,进而导致磨削缺陷的问题,以DMU70V数控铣床为平台进行WC-Co涂层磨削实验,利用K型热电偶和DGF40N光纤式红外测温仪测量磨削温度,借助x-射线衍射仪分析磨削前后WC-Co涂层物相组成.实验结果表明,利用热电偶测得的磨削温度与根据磨削过程中WC-Co涂层物质相变推测得到的磨削温度相差较大,利用WC-Co涂层物质相变推测的磨削最高温度与DGF40N光纤式红外测温仪测得的磨削最高温度一致,说明可以利用WC-Co涂层物质相变来推测磨削最高温度,为一些不能直接测量磨削温度的场合提供了新方法.WC晶粒在WC-Co涂层干磨削时大多异质生核,磨削后产生的WC晶粒粒度大,从而导致WC-Co涂层的强度下降,WC-Co涂层不宜干磨削.     

基于温度反馈的超声波电动机速度控制系统

超声波电动机运行中存在发热问题,电机温度上升会造成电机谐振频率下降,从而影响电机输出性能的稳定。传统的控制驱动手段采用固定的频率驱动电机工作,未能考虑温升对于电机频率的影响。为解决该问题,建立了基于温度反馈的超声波电动机速度控制系统。利用速度反馈方法控制电机,通过K型热电偶测量电机运行时的表面温度变化,并总结出电机温升与谐振频率变化的关系,反馈调节电机在工作中的驱动频率,从而保持了电机在温升过程中输出速度的稳定。     

基于CPLD的低功耗爆炸场温度测试系统

为了测量爆炸场等恶劣环境下温度的动态变化,分析炸药或相关弹药的爆炸参数,设计了基于CPLD的低功耗温度存储式测试系统;运用钨铼热电偶温度传感器匹配先进的电源管理模块,并结合动态存储测试技术,能够应用于环境条件比较差的恶劣环境中,在可靠可信、微功耗的基础上能得到较好的实验数据。