Impacts to the chest of PMHSs – Influence of impact location and load distribution on chest response

The chest response of the human body has been studied for several load conditions, but is not well known in the case of steering wheel rim-to-chest impact in heavy goods vehicle frontal collisions. The aim of this study was to determine the response of the human chest in a set of simulated steering wheel impacts. PMHS tests were carried out and analysed. The steering wheel load pattern was represented by a rigid pendulum with a straight bar-shaped front. A crash test dummy chest calibration pendulum was utilised for comparison. In this study, a set of rigid bar impacts were directed at various heights of the chest, spanning approximately 120 mm around the fourth intercostal space. The impact energy was set below a level estimated to cause rib fracture. The analysed results consist of responses, evaluated with respect to differences in the impacting shape and impact heights on compression and viscous criteria chest injury responses. The results showed that the bar impacts consistently produced lesser scaled chest compressions than the hub; the Middle bar responses were around 90% of the hub responses. A superior bar impact provided lesser chest compression; the average response was 86% of the Middle bar response. For inferior bar impacts, the chest compression response was 116% of the chest compression in the middle. The damping properties of the chest caused the compression to decrease in the high speed bar impacts to 88% of that in low speed impacts. From the analysis it could be concluded that the bar impact shape provides lower chest criteria responses compared to the hub. Further, the bar responses are dependent on the impact location of the chest. Inertial and viscous effects of the upper body affect the responses. The results can be used to assess the responses of human substitutes such as anthropomorphic test devices and finite element human body models, which will benefit the development process of heavy goods vehicle safety systems.     

成庄矿洗选厂斜轮自动放矸装置的改造应用

针对成庄矿洗选厂原斜轮分选机放矸系统的设计缺陷及运行中存在的问题,如工人劳动强度大、系统运行方式不合理、技术相对落后等,通过对斜轮分选机放矸装置进行技术改造,形成了完善的自动放矸系统。该系统改造主要包括:放矸阀门自动关联互锁控制、介质高效回收、矸石自动排放等,实现了斜轮分选机的定时自动放矸。经过使用验证,此项革新解决了斜轮分选机的放矸问题,年经济效益达到800万元以上,并有效降低了工人的劳动强度。     

闭环液压控制加快了汽车轮毂寿命测试

该文是对一台退役的汽车轮毂寿命测试设备进行数字化控制系统改造的成功案例的介绍。对退役或仍在使用中的老旧设备用数字控制器加传感器进行改造,是一个既能发挥老设备功能、节省地球资源,又能提高设备效率和精度的好办法。该文即展示了这样的一个实例。通过用DELTA运动控制器对该退役设备进行改造,成本只有新设备的25%,而取得的效果却不亚于新设备,是一个值得推广的方式。     

Study on Roller-Walker — Improvement of Locomotive Efficiency of Quadruped Robots by Passive Wheels

Abstract

Roller-Walker is a leg–wheel hybrid mobile robot using a passive wheel equipped on the tip of each leg. The passive wheel can be transformed into sole mode by rotating the ankle roll joint when Roller-Walker walks on a rough terrain. This paper discusses the energy efficiency of locomotion in wheeled mode. We define a leg trajectory to produce forward straight propulsion, and discuss the relationships between the parameters of the leg trajectory and energy efficiency of the propulsion using a dynamics simulator. We find optimum parameter sets where optimization criterion is specific resistance. The results indicate that faster locomotion achieves higher energy efficiency. We then carry out hardware experiments and empirically derive the experimental specific resistance. We show that wheeled locomotion has an 8-times higher energy efficiency than the ordinary crawl gait. Finally, we compare the specific resistance of Roller-Walker with other walking robots described in the literature.     

基于UG的辅助刀架设计与数控加工

车床辅助刀架是根据其车床加工工艺的特殊需要而专门设计的工艺装备,针对制动轮的加工特点,应用UG软件进行了辅助刀架的设计,并对其进行数控加工。实践证明,该辅助刀架的设计简单实用,明显提高生产效率。     

31.5mn车轮预成型油压机自动控制系统研究

介绍了31.5 MN车轮预成型油压机流程及参数,阐述了控制系统S7-300的结构配置及其完成主要功能。     

硬脆材料表面加工V形槽结构的试验研究

金刚石砂轮成形磨削加工技术是硬脆材料表面微结构加工的一种有效方法。应用V形砂轮在硬质合金YT15和Al2O3陶瓷两种材料表面进行V形微结构的磨削试验,通过磨削试验研究V形微结构的成形磨削效果、磨削参数对V形槽的表面质量及磨削过程中的磨削力和比磨削能的影响。试验结果表明应用V形砂轮可以较好地实现硬脆材料表面V形槽结构的磨削,在可加工性好的材料上V形槽磨削所需的磨削力和比磨削能相对较大。磨削参数的变化影响V形槽表面质量及磨削过程中的磨削力和比磨削能,其中比磨削能可以反应磨削过程中的材料去除方式。YT15表面的试验结果表明V形砂轮的磨损对加工出的V形槽的轮廓结构有相当大的影响。     

大型高铬铸铁挖泥泵叶轮铸造工艺研究

高铬铸铁具有良好的耐磨性,但由于其高脆性,通常只用于生产形状简单,体积较小的铸件,为了用高铬铸铁生产挖泥泵叶轮,进行了相应的工艺试验。通过合理的设计铸造工艺,利用计算机凝固模拟技术,同时严格控制现场生产过程,可成功地生产出形状复杂,质量较大的高铬铸铁叶轮。其工艺可供同行参考。     

改性酚醛树脂金刚石砂轮磨削性能的研究

本文通过对比磨削试验,研究了普通酚醛树脂和两种改性酚醛树脂制作的金刚石砂轮的磨削性能.试验结果表明,通过改性提高树脂的力学性能可以增强结合剂对磨料的把持力,从而提高砂轮的磨削比;通过改性提高树脂的耐热性,防止磨削区域过热引起的树脂降解,从而保证了结合剂对磨料的把持力不降低,对砂轮的磨削比提高效果更为显著.同时通过对树脂...     

cBN砂轮高速磨削镍基高温合金磨削力与比磨削能研究

磨削力和比磨削能是磨削过程的两个重要参数,也是制定合理的磨削工艺需要参考的两个重要因素.采用陶瓷结合剂cBN砂轮、电镀cBN砂轮以及单层钎焊cBN砂轮[1]进行了高速磨削GH4169高温合金试验,研究了磨削力、比磨削能与单颗磨粒最大未变形切屑厚度的关系,并在此基础上建立了相应的理论公式.研究结果表明,单层钎焊cBN砂轮...